Tsarin shinge na al'ada bai canja ba a cikin karni na karshe, saboda haka manufar fasahar fasaha ta nuna cewa canjin canjin da masu amfani da motoci da jama'a ke da yawa sun yi watsi da su. Yayinda tsarin tsabta na gargajiya ke da matsala, akwai wani abu mai ƙarfafawa da samun haɗin kai tsaye, haɗin kai tsakanin ƙafafunka da takalma ko takalma a kusurwa huɗu na motarka. Hanyoyin waya ta karya wannan haɗuwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka gano fasaha kamar yadda yafi haɗari fiye da kullun lantarki ko ma da hanyar waya .
Yanayin Ƙarfafawa na Yanke Hannu
Hanyar hanyar tsararwar gargajiya ta yi aiki tsawon shekarun da suka gabata shi ne cewa latsawa a kan shinge na rumbun yana haifar da matsin lamba wanda ake amfani dashi don kunna takalma ko takalma. A tsarin tsofaffi, ƙafar yana aiki a kan wani kayan lantarki wanda aka sani da shi ne babban ma'adinan. A tsarin zamani, mai karfin zuciya, wanda ake amfani da ita ta hanyar motsa jiki, yana ƙarfafa ƙarfin shinge kuma yana sa ya fi sauki.
Lokacin da aka kunna maɓallin yaran, yana haifar da matsa lamba a cikin sassan layi. Wannan matsa lamba baya aiki a kan bawan alƙalai wanda ke cikin kowace ƙafa, wanda ko dai ya yi amfani da rotor tsakanin igiya ko kullun takalma a waje a cikin drum.
Harkokin shinge na zamani suna da rikitarwa fiye da haka, amma har yanzu suna aiki a kan wannan ka'idoji ɗaya. Hydraulic ko masu ƙarfafa boosters masu sauƙi suna rage adadin karfi da direba ya yi amfani da su, kuma fasahohi kamar ƙuƙulwar kulle-kulle da tsarin kula da shinge suna iya kunna ta atomatik ko sakewa.
An yi amfani da ƙwayar lantarki da lantarki na lantarki kawai a kan trailers. Tunda tutawa sun riga sun sami haɗin lantarki don fitilun fitilun kuma suna juya alamar sakonni, yana da sauƙi don haɗawa a cikin mai amfani da lantarki na lantarki ko lantarki. Irin wannan fasahohi yana samuwa daga wasu OEM, amma yanayin kare lafiyar da ke tattare da lafiyar ya haifar da wata masana'antar mota da ke da jinkirin yin amfani da fasaha ta hanyar waya a duk wani ƙarfin gaske.
Yankewar Harkokin Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Gyara Tsayawa
Tsarin fasaha na zamani na amfani da tsarin lantarki wanda ba shi da cikakken lantarki. Wadannan tsarin suna da sassan lantarki, amma direba ba ta kunna maɓallin mai kwakwalwa ta atomatik ta danna kan fatar mai karya. Maimakon haka, mai aiki na lantarki yana aiki ta hanyar motar lantarki ko famfar da aka sarrafa ta hanyar sarrafawa.
Lokacin da aka kunna shinge na motsi a cikin tsarin lantarki, mai kula da na'urar yana amfani da bayanin daga wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin don tantance irin ƙarfin ƙarfin motsawa da kowane motar yake bukata. Tsarin zai iya amfani da nauyin da ake bukata na matsa lamba ga kowane mahaifa.
Sauran bambancin da ke tsakanin na'ura mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tsarin shinge na gargajiya na yau da kullum shine yadda yawancin matsalolin yake. Harkokin shinge na lantarki suna aiki ne a karkashin matsin lamba mafi girma fiye da tsarin gargajiya. Harkokin jiragen sama suna aiki a kusa da 800 PSI a karkashin yanayin tuki na al'ada, yayin da Sensotronic electro-hydraulic system ke kula da matsalolin tsakanin PSI 2,000 da 2,300.
Electromechanical Systems Babu shakka Brake-by-Wire
Duk da yake samar da samfurori yana amfani da tsarin lantarki na lantarki, fasahar gaskiya ta hanyar waya ta kaucewa dukkanin kamfanonin hydraulics. Wannan fasaha bai nuna ba a cikin kowane tsarin samarwa saboda yanayin tsaro mai mahimmanci, amma an sami babban bincike da gwadawa.
Ba kamar mai amfani da lantarki ba, dukkanin abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin tsarin lantarki sune lantarki. Kullun suna da kayan aiki na lantarki maimakon 'yan kwalliyar jirgi na hydraulic, kuma dukkansu suna iko da kai tsaye ta hanyar mai sarrafawa maimakon madaidaiciyar magudi mai girma. Wadannan tsarin suna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki, ciki har da yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfin fuska, da kuma masu sauti na na'urar aiki a kowanne caliper.
Harkokin lantarki na lantarki sun haɗa da cibiyoyin sadarwar da ke tattare da rikitarwa tun lokacin da kowanne caliper ya karbi bayanan bayanai da dama domin samar da adadin yawan ƙarfin motsa jiki. Kuma sabili da yanayin tsaro mai mahimmanci na waɗannan tsarin, akwai yawanci ya zama abin ƙyama, bas din na biyu don ba da bayanai mai zurfi zuwa ga calipers.
Tsarin Tsarin Kariya na Kayan Kayan Faya-Faya ta Wire
Duk da yake samar da wutar lantarki da lantarki na lantarki suna iya zama mafi aminci fiye da tsarin gargajiya, saboda yiwuwar haɗuwa da ABS, ESC, da sauran fasahohi irin wannan, damuwa na tsaro sun hana su. Tsarin shinge na yau da kullum zai iya yin nasara, amma kawai wata asarar hatsari na karfin iska zai shawo kan direba na iya dakatarwa ko jinkirin, yayin da tsarin tsarin lantarki mai rikitarwa ya kasance da yawa.
Bukatun Failover, da kuma sauran jagororin ci gaban tsarin tsaro kamar ƙuƙwalwar waya, ana sarrafa su ta hanyar tsaro kamar yadda ISO 26262
Wane ne ke ba da fasahar Brake-by-Wire?
Saukewa da tsarin da zasu iya aiki tare da yawan adadin bayanai zasu haifar da ingancin fasahar lantarki mai kwakwalwa ta lantarki don karɓar tallafi, amma a wannan lokaci kawai wasu OEM sunyi gwaji tare da tsarin lantarki.
Toyota na farko ya gabatar da tsarin shinge na lantarki a shekarar 2001 don Estima Hybrid, da kuma bambancin fasahohin da aka yi amfani da shi (Electron-Controlled Brake (ECB) ya kasance tun daga lokacin. Dabarar ta fara bayyana a Amurka don shekara ta shekarar 2005 tare da Lexus RX 400h.
Alal misali inda fasaha ta hanyar fasaha ta sha wahala daga rashin nasarar jefa shi ne lokacin da Mercedes-Benz ya samo tsarin Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC), wanda aka gabatar da shi don shekara ta 2001. An samo tsarin ne a shekara ta 2006 bayan tunawa mai mahimmanci a shekara ta 2004, tare da Mercedes da'awar cewa zai samar da irin wannan aiki na tsarin SBC ta hanyar tsarin tsararraki na gargajiya.