Soket yana daya daga cikin fasaha mafi mahimmanci na shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta. Haɗin ƙyale aikace-aikacen software na cibiyar sadarwar don sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin da aka gina a cikin matakan cibiyar sadarwa da tsarin aiki.
Kodayake yana iya zama kamar wani ɓangaren fasaha na Intanit, fasahar sutura ta wanzu tun kafin Web. Kuma, da yawa daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo na yau da kullum sun fi dogara da kwasfa.
Abin da Lissafi zasu iya Yi don Cibiyarku
Soket yana wakiltar haɗin kai ɗaya tsakanin daidai guda biyu na software (hanyar da ake kira zangon zane-zane ). Fiye da guda biyu na software na iya sadarwa tare da abokin ciniki / uwar garke ko rarraba tsarin ta amfani da kwasfa masu yawa. Alal misali, yawancin masu bincike na Yanar gizo suna iya sadarwa tare da uwar garke guda ɗaya ta hanyar rukuni na kwasfa akan uwar garke.
Software na tushen sutura yana gudanarwa a kan kwakwalwa guda biyu a kan cibiyar sadarwar, amma ana iya amfani da kwasfa don sadarwa a gida (a cikin wani). Ƙungiyoyi sune jagorancin, ma'anar cewa ko dai gefen haɗin yana iya aikawa da karɓar bayanai. Wasu lokuta wani aikace-aikacen da ya fara sadarwa yana kiransa "abokin ciniki" da kuma sauran aikace-aikacen "uwar garke," amma waɗannan kalmomi suna haifar da rikicewa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam zuwa sadarwar ƙira kuma ya kamata a kauce masa gaba daya.
Soft APIs da ɗakunan karatu
Ɗauren ɗakin karatu da ke aiwatar da aikace-aikacen shirye-shiryen aikace-aikace na daidaitattun (APIs) sun kasance a Intanit. Ƙungiyar na farko da aka fi sani - Cibiyar Berkeley Socket har yanzu tana amfani dashi a kan tsarin UNIX. Wani API mai mahimmanci shi ne ɗakin karatu na Windows Sockets (WinSock) don tsarin tsarin Microsoft. Abinda ke da alaka da sauran fasahohi na kwamfuta, kwandon jigon API sune balagagge: WinSock ya kasance mai amfani tun 1993 da Berkeley kwasai tun 1982.
Jigon API sune ƙananan ƙanana da sauki. Yawancin ayyuka suna kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin shigarwa / fitarwa na yau da kullum kamar karanta () , rubuta () , da kusa () . Ainihin aikin da ake kira don amfani ya dogara ne akan harshen da aka tsara da kuma ɗakin karatu na socket.
Siffofin Jigilar Tufa
Siffofin socket za a iya raba kashi uku:
- Rigunan rafi, nau'in na kowa, yana buƙatar ƙungiyoyi biyu na farko su kafa sigin kwasfa, bayan haka duk bayanan da suka wuce ta hanyar haɗin za a tabbatar su isa daidai wannan tsari wanda aka aiko shi - abin da ake kira haɗin kai haɗin kai samfurin.
- Datackets sockets bayar da "haɗi-kasa" semantics. Tare da bayanan tsare-tsaren, haɗin sadarwa ba su da cikakke maimakon bayyane kamar yadda yake gudana tare da raguna. Kowane ƙungiya kawai yana aika saƙonni kamar yadda ake buƙata kuma yana jiran wani ya amsa; saƙonni zasu iya rasa a watsa ko kuma karɓa daga tsari, amma aikin ne na aikace-aikacen kuma ba kwasfa don magance waɗannan matsaloli ba. Yin aiwatar da kwasfan bayanai zai iya ba da wasu aikace-aikace don bunkasa aiki da kuma ƙarin sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da yin amfani da kwandon raƙuman ruwa, don yin amfani da su a wasu yanayi.
- Nau'in sashin na uku - asalin ramin - ya keta goyon baya ga ɗakin ɗakunan karatu don ka'idoji na yau da kullum kamar TCP da UDP . Ana amfani da kwasfan rawyi don ci gaban ƙwayar ƙananan layi.
Gobe Support a Lissafin Yanar Gizo
Ana amfani da kwasfa na cibiyar sadarwa na yau da kullum tare da ladaran Intanet - IP, TCP, da UDP. Ɗakunan karatu suna aiwatar da kwasfa don Intanet layi amfani da TCP don raguna, UDP don bayanai, da IP kanta don rassan rassan.
Don sadarwa a kan intanit, ɗakunan karatu na asusun IP suna amfani da adireshin IP don gano ƙananan kwakwalwa. Yawancin ɓangarorin aikin yanar-gizon tare da sunayen namomin, don masu amfani da masu saiti na iya aiki tare da kwakwalwa ta hanyar suna ( misali , "thiscomputer.wireless.about.com") maimakon adireshin ( misali , 208.185.127.40). Ruwa da kuma zane-bayanan bayanai sunyi amfani da lambobin tashoshin IP don rarrabe aikace-aikace masu yawa daga juna. Alal misali, Masu bincike na intanit a Intanit sun san yin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa 80 a matsayin tsoho don sadarwar sakonni tare da sabobin yanar gizo.