A cikin sadarwar kwamfuta , lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa suna cikin ɓangaren bayanin da ake amfani dashi don gano masu aikawa da masu karɓar saƙonni. Suna danganta da haɗin TCP / IP kuma suna iya bayyana su a matsayin irin add-on zuwa adireshin IP .
Lambobin Port suna bada izinin daban-daban a kan kwamfutar ɗaya don raba albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa lokaci guda. Rarrabobi na cibiyar sadarwar gida da aikin kwamfuta tare da waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa kuma wasu lokuta suna goyon bayan daidaitawa saitunan lambar tashar jiragen ruwa.
Lura: Gidajen sadarwa sune tushen labaran da ba su da dangantaka da tashoshin jiki da cewa na'urori na cibiyar sadarwar suna da haɓaka cikin igiyoyi.
Yadda Ayyukan Lissafi na Lissafin
Lambobin tashoshin suna dangantaka da magance cibiyar sadarwa . A cikin sadarwar TCP / IP, duka TCP da UDP suna amfani da nasu saitunan da ke aiki tare da adireshin IP.
Waɗannan lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa suna aiki kamar kariyar tarho. Kamar yadda kasuwar wayar tarho za ta iya amfani da lambar waya ta tsakiya kuma a ba kowane ma'aikaci lambar tsawo (kamar x100, x101, da dai sauransu), saboda haka ma kwamfutar yana da babban adireshin da kuma saitin lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa domin ɗaukar haɗin mai shigowa da mai fita .
Hakazalika ana iya amfani da lambar waya guda ɗaya ga dukan ma'aikata a cikin wannan ginin, ana iya amfani da adireshin IP daya don sadarwa tare da nau'o'in aikace-aikace a bayan daya na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa; Adireshin IP yana gano ƙwaƙwalwar makiya da lambar tashar jiragen ruwa tana gano ƙayyadadden kayan aiki.
Wannan gaskiya ne ko ya zama aikace-aikacen mail, shirin canja wurin fayil, burauzar yanar gizo, da dai sauransu. Idan mai amfani yana buƙatar shafin yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon su, suna sadarwa a kan tashar jiragen ruwa 80 don HTTP , saboda haka ana mayar da bayanan akan wannan tashar jiragen ruwa da aka nuna a cikin shirin da ke goyan bayan tashar jiragen ruwa (shafin yanar gizo).
A cikin duka TCP da UDP, tashar jiragen ruwa suna farawa a 0 kuma suna zuwa 65535. Lambobi a cikin ƙananan ranguka suna sadaukar da ladabi na intanit na yau da kullum kamar tashar jiragen ruwa 25 don SMTP da tashar jiragen ruwa 21 don FTP .
Don samun ƙayyadadden dabi'u da wasu aikace-aikacen suke amfani da su, duba jerin abubuwan da aka fi sani da TCP da UDP Port Numbers . Idan kana aiki da software Apple, duba TCP da UDP Ports Used by Apple Software Products.
Lokacin da Za ka iya buƙatar yin aiki tare da Lissafin Lissafi
Ana sarrafa matakan ƙofar ta hanyar hardware da software ta atomatik. Masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa ba sa ganin su kuma basu buƙatar yin wani aiki da ya shafi aiki.
Kowane mutum zai iya, duk da haka, ya sadu da tashar tashar cibiyar sadarwa a wasu yanayi:
- Masu gudanarwa na cibiyar sadarwa na iya buƙatar gyara izinin tashar jiragen ruwa don ƙyale lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa na takamaiman aikace-aikacen su wuce ta hanyar tacewar ta . A kan hanyoyin sadarwar gida, masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa suna tallafawa tashar jiragen ruwa a kan fuskokin sanyi.
- Masu shirye-shirye na cibiyar sadarwa wasu lokuta suna buƙatar saka sunayen lambobi a lambar su, kamar su shirye-shiryen socket.
- Shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo zai buƙatar wani takamaiman tashar tashar TCP. Alal misali, http: // localhost: 8080 / amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa TCP 8080 maimakon tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 80. Haka kuma, ana ganin wannan a cikin yanayin ci gaban software fiye da yadda ake amfani dashi.
Bude da Rufaffiyar Rufe
Masu goyon bayan tsaro na cibiyar sadarwa kuma akai-akai suna tattauna tashar jiragen ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi azaman muhimmin al'amari na kai hari da kuma tsaro. Ana iya classified tashoshin ko dai suna buɗewa ko rufe, inda wuraren bude wuraren suna da sauraren sauraren sauraron sababbin buƙatun haɗi da wuraren rufewa.
Tsarin da ake kira tashoshin tashoshi na cibiyar sadarwa yana gano saƙon gwaji a kowanne tashar tashar jiragen ruwa don gano ko wane tashar jiragen ruwa suna buɗewa. Masu sana'a na cibiyar sadarwa suna amfani da yin amfani da tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa a matsayin kayan aiki don auna ma'aunin su zuwa masu kai farmaki kuma sukan kulle hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar rufe manyan tashar jiragen ruwa. Masu amfani da kaya, suna amfani da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa don bincike don cibiyoyin intanet wanda za'a iya amfani dashi.
Za a iya amfani da umurnin netstat a Windows don ganin bayani game da TCP da UDP haɗin aiki.