Duk abin da kuke bukata don sanin game da HTTP
HTTP (Yarjejeniyar Canjin Hypertext) yana samar da daidaitattun hanyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo masu bincike da kuma sabobin amfani don sadarwa. Yana da sauƙin fahimtar wannan lokacin ziyartar yanar gizo saboda an rubuta shi a cikin URL (misali http: // www. ).
Wannan yarjejeniya ta kama da wasu kamar FTP a yayin da abokin ciniki ke amfani da shi don neman fayilolin daga uwar garken nesa. A cikin yanayin HTTP, yawanci mai burauzar yanar gizo yana buƙatar fayilolin HTML daga sabar yanar gizo, wanda aka nuna a cikin mai bincike tare da rubutu, hotuna, hyperlinks, da dai sauransu.
HTTP shi ne abin da ake kira "mara tsarin tsarin." Abin da ake nufi shi ne cewa ba kamar sauran yarjejeniyar canja wurin fayil kamar FTP ba , an haɗu da haɗin HTTP da zarar an yi bukatar. Saboda haka, da zarar burauzar yanar gizo ta aika da buƙata kuma uwar garken yana amsa tare da shafi, an haɗa haɗin.
Tun da yawancin mashigin yanar gizo zuwa HTTP, za ka iya rubuta kawai sunan yankin sannan kuma ka sami madogarar motsa jiki "cika" http: // ".
Tarihin HTTP
Tim Berners-Lee ya kirkiro HTTP na farko a farkon shekarun 1990 don zama wani ɓangare na aikinsa a cikin siffanta shafin yanar gizo na asali . An fassara nau'o'i uku na farko a cikin shekarun 1990:
- HTTP 0.9 (don tallafi na takardun rubutun ƙira)
- HTTP 1.0 (kari don tallafawa shafukan yanar gizo masu kyau da scalability)
- HTTP 1.1 (ya ci gaba don magance ƙuntatawar aiki na HTTP 1.0, wanda aka ƙayyade a Intanet RFC 2068)
Sabuwar version, HTTP 2.0, ta zama daidaitattun tsari a shekara ta 2015. Yana kula da daidaituwa ta baya tare da HTTP 1.1 amma yana bada ƙarin kayan haɓɓaka aiki.
Yayin da misali HTTP ba ta ƙaddamar da zirga-zirga da aka aika a kan hanyar sadarwa ba, an kafa tsarin HTTPS don ƙara boye-boye zuwa HTTP ta amfani da (asali) Layer Layer Layer (SSL) ko (daga bisani) Tsararren Tsaro (TLS).
Ta yaya aikin HTTP yake?
HTTP shine yarjejeniyar aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen da aka gina a saman TCP wanda ke amfani da samfurin sadarwa na abokin ciniki-uwar garke . HTTP abokan ciniki da kuma sabobin sadarwa ta hanyar HTTP request da saƙonnin amsa. Siffofin guda uku na HTTP suna GET, POST, da kuma HEAD.
- Hidimar HTTP GET da aka aika zuwa uwar garken sun ƙunsar kawai URL . Za'a iya ƙila zaɓuɓɓuka na zaɓin zaɓi ko zaɓi fiye da su zuwa ƙarshen adireshin. Siffar ɗin na tafiyar da wani ɓangare na bayanai na URL, idan ya kasance, kuma ya dawo da sakamakon (shafin yanar gizon ko ɓangaren shafi na yanar gizo) zuwa mai bincike.
- Sakonnin POST HTTP sanya duk wani siginar bayanai a cikin jiki na saƙo na buƙatar maimakon ƙara su zuwa ƙarshen URL ɗin.
- Adireshin HEAD HTTP yana aiki daidai da buƙatun GET. Maimakon amsawa da cikakken abubuwan da ke cikin URL ɗin, uwar garken yana aikawa bayanan rubutun kai (kunshe cikin sashen HTML).
Mai bincike ya fara sadarwa tare da uwar garke HTTP ta hanyar farawa TCP zuwa uwar garke. Zangon yanar gizo yana amfani da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta 80 ta hanyar tsoho ko da yake wasu tashoshin ruwa kamar 8080 ana amfani da su a wasu lokuta.
Da zarar an kafa wani zaman, mai amfani yana haifar da aikawa da karɓar saƙonnin HTTP ta hanyar ziyartar shafin yanar gizo.
Batutuwa Tare da HTTP
Sakonnin da aka aika a kan HTTP iya kasa da za a tsĩrar da su sosai saboda dalilan da dama:
- kuskuren mai amfani
- malfunction na burauzar yanar gizo ko sabar yanar gizo
- kurakurai a cikin ƙirƙirar shafukan yanar gizo
- wucin gadi na cibiyar sadarwa glitches
Lokacin da waɗannan lalacewar suka faru, wannan yarjejeniya ta ɗauki dalilin rashin nasara (idan ya yiwu) kuma ta yi rahoton wani lambar kuskure zuwa mai bincike da ake kira lambar HTTP / lambar . Kuskuren farawa tare da wasu lambobi don nuna irin kuskuren da yake.
Alal misali, kurakurai 4xx sun nuna cewa buƙatar don shafi ba za a iya cika cikakke ba ko kuma bukatar ya ƙunshi rubutun da ba daidai ba. Alal misali, 404 kurakurai yana nufin cewa ba a sami shafin ba; wasu shafukan yanar gizo suna da wasu abubuwan shakatawa 404 .