Definition & Misalai na URL
An rage shi azaman URL , mai Uniform Resource Locator wata hanya ce ta gano wurin wurin fayil a intanet. Suna yin abin da muke amfani da su don buɗewa da shafukan yanar gizo ba kawai, amma har ma don sauke hotuna, bidiyo, shirye-shiryen software, da sauran fayilolin da aka shirya a kan uwar garke.
Shirya fayil na gida a kwamfutarka yana da sauƙi kamar sauƙaƙe sau biyu, amma don bude fayiloli akan kwakwalwa masu nisa , kamar saitunan yanar gizo, dole ne mu yi amfani da URLs don masanin yanar gizo ya san inda za mu dubi. Alal misali, buɗe fayil ɗin HTML wanda yake wakiltar shafin yanar gizon da aka bayyana a kasa, anyi ta hanyar shigar da shi a cikin maɓallin kewayawa a saman browser ɗin da kake amfani dashi.
Ma'aikata Masu Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Uniform sun fi yawanci a matsayin URLs amma suna kuma kira adiresoshin intanet idan suka koma URLs da suke amfani da yarjejeniyar HTTP ko HTTPS.
Ana amfani da adireshin URL tare da kowace wasika da aka faɗar da kai ɗaya (watau u - r - l , ba a kunne ) ba. Yayi amfani da shi don raguwa don Mai Rinin Harkokin Kasuwanci na Duniya kafin a canza shi zuwa Uniform Resource Locator.
Misalan URLs
An yi amfani da ku don shiga cikin URL, kamar wannan domin samun damar yanar gizon Google:
https://www.google.comDukan adireshin ake kira URL ɗin. Wani misali shine wannan shafin yanar gizon (farko) da Microsoft (na biyu):
https: // https://www.microsoft.comKuna iya samun takamaiman bayani kuma bude URL ɗin tsaye zuwa wani hoton, kamar wannan tsawon lokaci wanda ke nuna alamar Google akan shafin yanar gizon Wikipedia. Idan ka bude wannan haɗin za ka iya ganin cewa yana farawa tare da https: // kuma yana da adireshi na yau da kullum kamar misalai a sama, amma yana da kuri'a da sauran rubutun da ƙuƙwalwa don nuna maka zuwa babban fayil da kuma fayil inda hoton zaune a kan uwar garken yanar gizon.
Hakanan ma'anar ya shafi lokacin da kake samun damar shiga shafin shiga hanyar sadarwa; Ana amfani da adireshin IP ɗin mai na'ura mai ba da hanya ta hanyar amfani dashi azaman adireshin don buɗe shafin sanyi. Duba wannan NETGEAR Default Lissafin Lissafi don ganin abin da nake nufi.
Mafi yawancinmu sun saba da waɗannan nau'o'in URL ɗin da muke amfani da su a mashigin yanar gizon yanar gizo kamar Firefox ko Chrome, amma waɗannan ba kawai lokuta ne ba inda za ku buƙaci URL.
A duk waɗannan misalai, kuna amfani da yarjejeniyar HTTP don bude shafin yanar gizon, wanda shine wataƙila ne mafi yawan mutane ke fuskanta, amma akwai wasu ladabi da za ku iya amfani da su, kamar FTP, TELNET , MAILTO, da kuma RDP. Adireshin yana iya nunawa fayiloli na gida da kake da a kan rumbun kwamfutarka . Kowace yarjejeniya na iya samun tsari na musamman na ka'idojin daidaitawa don isa wurin makoma.
Tsarin URL
Za'a iya warware URL a cikin sassan daban-daban, kowannen yanki yana amfani da wasu manufofi yayin samun dama ga fayil mai nisa.
HTTP da FTP URLs sune iri ɗaya, kamar yadda yarjejeniya: // sunan mai masauki / fileinfo . Alal misali, samun dama ga fayil na FTP tare da URL zai iya duba irin wannan:
FTP: //servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx... wanda, ban da samun FTP maimakon HTTP , kama da wani URL ɗin da za ku iya haɗuwa a can a kan yanar gizo.
Bari mu yi amfani da URL ɗin da ke gaba, wanda shine sanarwar Google game da kuskuren CPU , a matsayin misali na adireshin HTTP da kuma gano kowane ɓangare:
https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html- https shine yarjejeniya (kamar FTP wata yarjejeniya ce) wadda ta bayyana irin uwar garken da kake magana da shi.
- tsaro ne sunan mai masauki da aka yi amfani dashi don samun damar wannan shafin yanar gizon.
- googleblog shine sunan yankin.
- com shi ne abin da ake kira a matsayin matakin saman (TDL) , wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da .net, .org, .co.uk, da dai sauransu.
- / 2018/01 / wakiltar kundayen adireshi da aka yi amfani da su don tsara shafin yanar gizo ko fayil. A kan sabar yanar gizon da ke riƙe da fayilolin yanar gizon, waɗannan za su kasance ainihin manyan fayilolin da za ka danna ta hanyar gano fayil din da wannan URL yake ƙayyadewa.
- yau-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html shi ne ainihin fayil cewa URL yana nunawa. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar hoto, fayil mai jiwuwa, ko wasu nau'in fayilolin maimakon fayil ɗin HTML, to, adireshin zai ƙare a cikin wannan tsawo na fayil (kamar PNG ko MP3 ).
- security.googleblog.com kamar yadda ake kira ƙungiya mai suna Domain Name Fully Qualified (FQDN) .
Dokokin Daidaita URL
Lambobi kawai, haruffa, da kuma haruffa masu biyowa sun yarda a cikin URL: ()! $ -'_ * +.
Sauran haruffa dole ne a sanya su a cikin rubutun (fassara zuwa lambar tsarawa) don a karɓa a cikin URL.
Wasu URLs suna da sigogi waɗanda ke raba adireshin daga ƙarin masu canji. Alal misali, lokacin da kake yin bincike na Google :
https://www.google.com/search?q=... tambayar da kake gani yana nuna wani rubutun, wanda aka shirya a kan uwar garken Google, cewa kana so ka aika da takamaiman umarni zuwa gare shi don samun sakamako na al'ada.
Wani rubutun da Google ke amfani dashi don aiwatar da bincike ya san cewa duk abin da ya biyo bayan ? Q = wani ɓangare na URL ya kamata a gano shi a matsayin kalmar bincike, don haka duk abin da aka rubuta a wannan batu a cikin URL ana amfani dashi don bincika bincike na Google.
Zaka iya ganin irin wannan hali a cikin URL a wannan binciken YouTube don bidiyo na bidiyo mafi kyau :
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=best+cat+videosLura: Ko da yake ba a yarda da sarari a cikin URL ba, wasu shafukan yanar gizo suna amfani da alamar + da za ku iya gani a cikin Google da misalai YouTube. Sauran suna amfani da ma'auni mai siffar sarari, wanda shine % 20 .
URLs da ke amfani da maɓalli masu yawa suna amfani da ɗaya ko fiye ampersands bayan bayanan tambaya. Za ka iya ganin misali a nan don neman binciken Amazon.com na Windows 10:
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=windows+10Na farko mai sauya, url , an riga ya wuce ta alamar tambaya amma na gaba mai mahimmanci, kalmomin filin , an riga an ampersand. Ƙarin maɓuɓɓuka za a riga an riga an gabatar da su.
Sassan ɓangaren URL sune mahimmanci - musamman, duk bayan bayanan yankin (kundayen adireshi da sunan fayil). Za ka iya ganin wannan don kanka idan ka yi amfani da kalmar "kayan aikin" a cikin misalin URL daga shafin da muka ƙaddara a sama, yana kawo ƙarshen adireshin karanta /free-driver-updater-Tools.htm . Gwada bude wannan shafi a nan kuma zaka iya ganin cewa ba shi da kaya saboda wannan takamaiman fayil bai kasance a kan uwar garke ba.
Ƙarin Bayani akan URLs
Idan URL ya nuna maka zuwa fayil wanda mai burauzar yanar gizonku zai iya nunawa, kamar hoto na JPG , to, ba dole ba ka sauke fayiloli zuwa kwamfutarka don ganin shi. Duk da haka, don fayilolin da ba a nuna su ba a cikin browser, kamar fayiloli PDF da DOCX , kuma musamman fayilolin EXE (da sauran fayiloli daban-daban), za a sa ka sauke fayil zuwa kwamfutarka don amfani da shi.
URLs suna ba da hanya mai sauƙi don mu sami dama ga adireshin IP na uwar garke ba tare da bukatar sanin abin da ainihin adireshin yake ba. Sun kasance kamar abubuwan sauƙi don tunawa da shafukan yanar gizo da muke so. Wannan fassarar daga URL zuwa adireshin IP shine abin da aka amfani da sabobin DNS .
Wasu URLs suna da tsawo da kuma hadaddun kuma ana amfani dasu sosai idan ka danna shi a matsayin hanyar haɗi ko kwafa / manna shi a mashin adireshin mai bincike. Kuskure a cikin URL zai iya samar da kuskuren kuskure na HTTP 400, yawanci mafi yawan shine kuskure 404 .
Misali ɗaya za a iya gani a 1and1.com . Idan kuna ƙoƙari don samun dama ga shafi wanda ba ya kasance a kan uwar garke (kamar wannan), za ku sami kuskuren 404. Wadannan nau'o'in kurakurai suna da mahimmanci cewa zaku sami al'ada, sau da yawa sauƙi, sigogin su akan wasu shafuka. Dubi na 20 mafi kyau 404 Kuskuren shafukan yanar gizon slideshow ga wasu daga cikin nawa na sirri.
Idan kana da matsala ga shiga yanar gizo ko fayil din intanet wanda kake tsammanin ya kamata a caji kullum, duba yadda za a warware matsalar kuskure a URL don wasu shawarwari masu taimako akan abin da za a yi gaba.
Mafi yawan URLs ba sa buƙatar sunan tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Za a iya bude google.com , alal misali, ta hanyar ƙayyade lambar tashar jiragen ruwa a karshen kamar http://www.google.com:80 amma ba lallai ba ne. Idan shafin yanar gizon yana aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa 8080 a maimakon haka, zaka iya maye gurbin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma samun dama ga shafin.
Ta hanyar tsoho, shafukan FTP suna amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa 21, amma wasu na iya zama saitin tashar jiragen ruwa 22 ko wani abu daban. Idan shafin yanar gizon FTP ba yana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa 21, dole ne ka tantance wanda yake amfani dashi don samun dama ga uwar garke daidai. Haka batun ya shafi kowane URL da ke amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa daban daban fiye da abin da shirin da ake amfani dashi don samuwa ta hanyar tsoho cewa yana amfani.