Linux / Unix Umurnin: nuni
Sunan
nuni - nuna hoto a kan wani aiki mai aiki X
SYNOPSIS
nuna [ zaɓuɓɓukan ...] file [ zaɓuɓɓukan ...] fayil
Sakamakon
Nuna ne gine-gine na na'ura mai sarrafa kanta da kuma tsarin nunawa. Zai iya nuna hoton a kan duk wani allon kwamfutar aiki wanda ke gudana da uwar garken X. Nuna iya karantawa da rubutu da yawa daga cikin siffofin da aka fi sani (misali,, PNM , CD ɗin CD , da sauransu).
Tare da nuni , zaka iya yin waɗannan ayyuka a kan hoton:
o ɗaukar hoto daga fayil
o nuna hoton da ke gaba
o nuna tsohon hoton
o nuna hotunan hotuna azaman nunin faifai
ka rubuta hoton zuwa fayil
o buga hotunan zuwa firftar PostScript
o share fayil din fayil
o ƙirƙirar Bayanin Kayayyakin Hotuna
ka zaɓi hoton don nunawa ta wurin hotonsa maimakon sunan
o cire gyara canji na karshe
ka kwafe yankin na hoton
o share yankin zuwa hoton
o mayar da image zuwa ainihin size
o sabunta hotunan
o rabin girman hoton
o biyu girman girman hoton
o mayar da girman hotunan
o amfanin gona
o yanke siffar
o flop image a cikin shugabanci kwance
ðan hoto a cikin shugabanci na tsaye
Ya canza siffar 90 digiri a kowane lokaci
Ya juya siffar 90 digiri a kan kari-lokaci
o juya siffar
o shear da hoton
o mirgine hoton
o datsa gefen gefe
o karkatar da launuka na hoton
Ya canza launin launi
o bambanta launi saturation
o canza launin hoto
omma daidai image
o raya image bambanci
Ya ba da bambanci game da hoton
o yi daidaitaccen tarihin hoto a kan hoton
o yi zane-zane na tarihi a kan hoton
o negate launuka hoton
Ya sake mayar da hotunan zuwa ƙananan sikelin
o saita matsakaicin adadin launuka masu yawa a cikin hoton
o rage speckles a cikin hoto
o kawar da rudani daga wani hoton
o gano gefuna a cikin hoton
o sa hoto
o kashi hoton ta launi
ku yi amfani da zanen mai
Ya yi amfani da zane mai kwalliya
o annotate hoton da rubutu
o zana a kan hoton
o shirya launin hoton hoton
o gyara bayanin matte image
o sanya hoto tare da wani
Ƙara iyaka zuwa hoton
o kewaye da hoto tare da iyakar kogi
Ya yi amfani da fasahar sarrafa kayan hoto zuwa yanki na sha'awa
o nuna bayani game da hoton
zuƙowa wani ɓangare na hoton
o nuna tarihin hoton
o nuna hoton zuwa bangon taga
o saita zaɓin mai amfani
o nuna bayani game da wannan shirin
o zubar da duk hotunan hotuna da fita
o canza yanayin girma
o nuna hotuna da aka bayyana ta hanyar yanar gizo mai suna WWW )
Misalai
Don ƙaddamar da hoto na cockatoo zuwa daidai 640 pixels a nisa da 480 pixels a tsawo kuma matsayi taga a wuri (200,200), yi amfani da:
nuni-shafukan yanar gizo 640x480 + 200 + 200! cockatoo.miff
Don nuna hoto na cockatoo ba tare da iyakokin da ke tsakiya ba a kan bayanan, yi amfani da:
nuni + borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.miff
Don tayar da rubutu a kan tushe, amfani:
nuni-daga 1280x1024 -window tushen slate.png
Don nuna hotunan hoto na gani na duk hotunan JPEG ɗinka, yi amfani da:
nuni 'm: * jpg'
Don nuna hoton MAP wanda yake 640 pixels a nisa da 480 pixels a tsawo tare da 256 launi, yi amfani da:
nuni -sai 640x480 + 256 cockatoo.map
Don nuna hoto na wani cockatoo da aka ƙayyade tare da mai mahimman hanya locator (URL) , yi amfani da:
nuna ftp://wizards.dupont.com/images/cockatoo.jpg
Don nuna hotunan hoto na wani hoton, yi amfani da:
Fassara mai nunawa: HISTOGRAM: - | nuni -
KARANTA
An tsara zaɓuɓɓuka cikin tsari na umurnin. Duk wani zaɓi da ka saka a kan layin umarni ya kasance a cikin sakamako har sai an canza shi a bayyane ta hanyar sake tantance wannan zaɓi tare da sakamako daban-daban. Alal misali don nuna hotuna uku, na farko da launuka 32, na biyu tare da nau'in launuka marasa iyaka, kuma na uku tare da kala 16 kawai, yi amfani da:
nuna -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -noop duck.miff
-colors 16 macaw.miff
Zaɓuɓɓukan nunawa zasu iya bayyana akan layin umarni ko a cikin fayil na albarkatunku na X. Dubi X (1) . Zaɓuɓɓuka a kan layin umarni sun fi dacewa dabi'un da aka ƙayyade a cikin fayil na albarkatunku na X.
-backdrop
nuna hoton da ke tsakiya a kan bayanan.
-a baya-baya
launin launi
-border
kewaye hoto tare da iyakar launi
-bordercolor
launi iyakar
-bodayata
iyakar iyaka
-kada
Megabytes na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar samuwa ga pixel cache
-colormap
Ƙayyade nau'in launi
-colors
fi so yawan launuka a cikin hoton
-colorspace
irin launuka
-comment
Rubuta hoto tare da sharhi
-compress
irin nauyin hoto
-contrast
haɓaka ko rage siffar siffar
-crop
girman fifiko da kuma wuri na hoton hoto
-bug
baza debug printout
-delay <1 / 100ths na biyu>
nuna hoton da ke gaba bayan dakatarwa
haɗi
Daidaitaccen nuni da kwance a cikin pixels na hoton
-depth
zurfin hoton
-speckle
rage speckles a cikin hoton
-an nuna
ƙayyade adres X don tuntuɓar
-dispose
Hanyar zubar da GIF
-day
shafi Floyd / Steinberg kuskuren kuskure zuwa hoton
-edge
gano gefuna a cikin hoto
-ndaren
saka endianness (MSB ko LSB) na hoton fitarwa
-anance
Yi amfani da tacewar ta digital don bunkasa hoton da ke da kyau
-filter
Yi amfani da irin wannan tace lokacin da ya sake hoton hoto
-flip
kirkirar "hoto madubi"
-flop
kirkirar "hoto madubi"
-font
Yi amfani da wannan jigilar lokacin da annotating hoton da rubutu
-foreground
Ƙayyade launi na farko
-frame
kewaye da hoton tare da iyakar kogi
-gamma
matakin gyaran gamma
-yakokiya
filayen da aka fi so da kuma wuri na Image taga.
-help
bugun bayanan amfani
-iconGeometry
saka adadin hoto
-iconic
wurin hutawa
-mmutable
sanya image bazawa
-acewa
nau'i na makircin haɗaka
-label
sanya lakabi zuwa hoto
-magnify
Girma hoton
-map
nuna hoton ta amfani da wannan.
-matte
adana matte tashar idan hoton yana da daya
-mattecolor
saka adadin matte
-monochrome
canza yanayin zuwa baki da fari
-name
Sunan hoto
-negate
maye gurbin kowane pixel tare da karin launi
-noop
NOOP (babu zaɓi)
-page
size da kuma wuri na zanen hoto
-quality
JPEG / MIFF / PNG matakin matsawa
-raise
Ƙara haske ko rufe gefen gefe
-remote
yi aiki mai nisa
-roll {+ -}
mirgine hoto a tsaye ko a kai tsaye
-rotate
amfani Paeth image juyawa zuwa hoton
-sample
Girman samfurin da samfurin pixel
-sampling_factor
samfurin samfurin amfani da JPEG ko MPEG-2 codeod kuma YUV decoder / encoder.
-scenes
yanayin lambobin hoto don karantawa
-dagare
kashi wani hoto
-shared_memory
amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
-sharpen
shimfiɗa hoton
-wannan
nisa da tsawo na hoton
-text_font
Fassara don rubuta rubutun gyara-nisa
-raura
sunan rubutun zuwa layi a kan bayanan hoto
-title
sanya lakabi don nuna hoton [ rayuka, nunawa, haɗin ]
-treedepth
zurfin itace don lalata algorithm launi
-trim
Gyara hoto
-update
gano lokacin da aka canza fayil din hoto kuma sake nunawa.
-use_pixmap
Yi amfani da pixmap
-verbose
buga cikakken bayani game da hoton
-fifariyar
Hotunan hotuna ta amfani da irin wannan nau'i na X
-window
sa siffar bayan bangon
-window_group
saka ƙungiyar taga
Rubuta
rubuta hoton zuwa fayil din [ nuna ]
BUTTONS MOUSE
Ana bayyana alamun kowane maɓallin latsawa a ƙasa. Ana buƙatar maɓalli uku. Idan kana da linzamin maballin biyu, maɓallin 1 da 3 an dawo. Latsa ALT da button 3 don sauƙaƙe maballin 2.
1
Latsa wannan maɓallin don tsarawa ko kuma cirewa widget din Dokar. Dubi ɓangaren na gaba don ƙarin bayani game da widget din Dokar.
2
Latsa kuma ja don ƙayyade yanki na hoto don ɗaukaka.
3
Latsa kuma ja don zaɓar daga jerin saiti na nuna (1) . Wannan maɓallin yana nuna bambanci idan hoton da aka nuna shi ne jagorar hoto na gani. Zaɓi takalma na musamman na shugabanci kuma danna maɓallin nan kuma ja don zaɓar umarni daga menu na up-up. Zabi daga wadannan abubuwa na menu:
Bude
Kusa
Tsohon
Share
Sabuntawa
Idan ka zaba Buɗe , hoton da ake nunawa ta tile yana nuna. Don komawa ga tashar hoto na gani, zaɓi Na gaba daga widget din Dokar (koma zuwa Widget din Sarrafa). Next da Tsohon motsawa zuwa gaba ko tsohon image bi da bi. Zaɓi Share don share wani tayal hoton. A karshe, zaɓa Ɗaukaka don aiki tare da dukkan ɗakunan alamu tare da siffofin su. Dubi zane da koda don karin bayani.
COMMAND WIDGET
Umarnin Widget din ya bada jerin sunayen menu da umarni. Su ne
Fayil
Bude ...
Kusa
Tsohon
Zabi ...
Ajiye ...
Buga ...
Share ...
Canvas ...
Kayayyakin Lissafi ...
Dakatar
Shirya
Cire
Redo
Yanke
Kwafi
Manna
Duba
Rabin Halit
Ƙari na ainihi
Biyu Girma
Sake mayar da ...
Aiwatar
Sabunta
Gyarawa
Canji
Shuka
Sara
Flop
Flip
Kunna dama
Kunna hagu
Juya ...
Shear ...
Mirgine ...
Gyara gefuna
Ƙara
Hue ...
Saturation ...
Haske ...
Gamma ...
Spiff ...
Dull
Equalize
Daidaita
Negate
Gidan Gida
Ƙari ...
Hanyoyin
Dama
Emboss
Rage Busa
Ƙara Noise
Ƙara ...
Blur ...
Abun ...
Edge Detect ...
Yada ...
Shade ...
Tada ...
Kashi ...
F / X
Solarize ...
Swirl ...
Mai gabatarwa ...
Wave ...
Man shafuka ...
Cakuda Zane ...
Shirya hoto
Annotate ...
Draw ...
Launi ...
Matte ...
Mawallafi ...
Ƙara Border ...
Ƙara Madauki ...
Sharhi ...
Kaddamarwa ...
Yanki na Shahararrun ...
Miscellany
Bayanin Hotuna
Zoom Image
Show Preview ...
Nuna Tarihi
Nuna Matte
Bayanin ...
Nunin Slide
Bukatun ...
Taimako
Bayani
Bincika Takaddun shaida
Game da Nuni
Abubuwan abubuwan da aka haƙa tare da triangle mai ciki basu da menu. An wakilce su a sama kamar abubuwan da ba a haɗe ba. Don samun dama ga abun da ke cikin menu, motsa maɓallin zuwa menu mai dacewa kuma danna maballin button 1 kuma ja. Lokacin da ka samo abin da ake so a cikin menu, saki maɓallin kuma an kashe umurnin. Matsar da maɓallin daga menu na gaba idan ka yanke shawarar kada a kashe wani umurni.
Kayan sayar da kayan aiki
Masu haɓakawa ɗaya ne ko biyu maballin maɓalli wanda ke aiwatar da umarnin musamman. Abubuwan haɓaka na keyboard waɗanda talifin yake nuna shine:
Ctl + O Latsa don ɗaukar hoto daga fayil.
sarari Latsa don nuna hoto na gaba.
Idan hoton yana da takarda mai yawa kamar rubutu na PostScript , za ku iya tsallake gaba da shafukan da yawa ta gaban wannan umurnin tare da lambar. Alal misali don nuna alamar shafi na gaba fiye da shafi na yanzu, latsa 4space.
Wurin bayanan baya don nuna tsohon hoton.
Idan hoton yana da takarda mai yawa kamar rubutun PostScript , zaka iya tsallake bayan shafukan da dama ta hanyar wannan umurnin tare da lambar. Alal misali don nuna hoton shafi na gaba da shafi na yanzu, latsa 4n.
Ctl-S Latsa don adana hoton zuwa fayil.
Ctl-P Latsa don buga hoton zuwa a
Fayil na PostScript .
Ctl-D Latsa don share fayil ɗin hoto.
Ctl-N Latsa don ƙirƙirar zane mara kyau.
Ctl-Q Latsa don jefar da duk hotunan hotuna da fita.
Ctl + Z Danna don cire canji na karshe.
Ctl + R Latsa don sake sake canji na karshe.
Ctl-X Latsa don yanke yanki na
da hoton.
Ctl-C Latsa don kwafe yanki na
da hoton.
Ctl-V Latsa don liƙa yankin zuwa
da hoton.
& lt; Latsa don rage girman girman hoton.
. Latsa don komawa zuwa girman girman asali.
> Latsa don ninka girman girman hoton.
% Latsa don sake girman hoto zuwa nisa da tsawo
ka saka.
Cmd-A Latsa don yin kowane hoto canzawa har abada.
Ta hanyar tsoho, duk wani canji na girman hoto ya kasance
shafi shafi na asali don ƙirƙirar hoton
aka nuna a kan uwar garken X.
Duk da haka, da
canje-canje ba su dawwama (watau ainihin
image ba ya canza girman kawai siffar X ba).
Alal misali, idan kun danna ">" Hoton X zai
yana bayyana a ninka a girman, amma ainihin hoton
za a zahiri za su kasance daidai. Don tilasta
asalin asali don ninka a girman, latsa ">"
by "Cmd-A".
@ Latsa don sake kunnawa hoto.
C Latsa don amfanin hoton.
[Danna don sara da hoton.
H Danna zuwa flop image a cikin shugabanci a kwance.
V Latsa don hoton hoto a cikin shugabanci na tsaye.
/ Latsa don juya siffar 90 digiri a kowane lokaci.
\ Latsa don juya siffar 90 digiri
counter-clockwise.
* Latsa don juya hoto
yawan digirin da kuka saka.
S Latsa don bayyana hoton yawan digiri
ka saka.
R Latsa don mirgine hoton.
T Danna don datsa gefen gefen hoto.
Shft-H Latsa don canza launin launi.
Shft-S Latsa don canza launin launi.
Shft-L Latsa don canza bambancin hoto.
Shft-G Latsa zuwa gamma daidai hoton.
Shft-C Latsa don yada siffar hoto.
Shft-Z Latsa don kwantar da siffar hoto.
= Latsa don yin daidaituwa akan tarihin
da hoton.
Shft-N Latsa don yin daidaituwa a tarihi
da hoton.
Shft- ~ Latsa don cire launuka na hoton.
. Latsa don canza launukan launuka zuwa launin toka.
Shft- # Latsa don saita matsakaicin adadin na musamman
launuka a cikin hoton.
F2 Latsa don rage speckles a cikin hoto.
F2 Danna don kunna hoto.
F4 Danna don kawar da ƙarar murya daga wani hoton.
F5 Danna don ƙara rikici zuwa hoto.
F6 Danna don tada hoto.
F7 Danna zuwa hoton hoton hoto.
F8 Danna zuwa kullin hoton.
F9 Latsa don gano gefuna a cikin hoto.
F10 Danna don musanya pixels ta hanyar bazuwar.
F11 Danna don kare hoton ta amfani da haske mai nisa
source.
F12 Danna don haskakawa ko duhu duhu gefen hoto don ƙirƙirar
wani sakamako na 3-D.
F13 Danna don haɓaka hoton ta launi.
Meta-S Latsa don kunna hoton hoto game da cibiyar.
Meta-I Latsa don buƙatar hotunan hoto game da cibiyar.
Meta-W Danna don canza hoto tare da kalafin sine.
Meta-P Latsa don yin amfani da zanen mai.
Meta-C Latsa don yin amfani da zane mai haɗi.
Alt-X Latsa don kunna hoton
tare da wani.
Alt-A Latsa don annotate hoton da rubutu.
Alt-D Latsa don zana layi a kan hoton.
Alt-P Latsa don shirya samfurin pixel.
Alt-M Latsa don shirya bayanin matte na asali.
Alt-X Latsa don daidaita hoto tare da wani.
Alt-A Latsa don ƙara iyaka zuwa hoton.
Alt-F Latsa don ƙara siffar ornamental zuwa hoton.
Alt-Shft-! Latsa don ƙara bayanin hoto.
Ctl-A Latsa don amfani da fasahar sarrafa hoto zuwa a
yankin na sha'awa.
Shft-? Latsa don nuna bayanin game da hoton.
Shft- + Danna don tsara maɓallin hoton zuƙowa.
Shft-P Latsa don duba samfurin hoton hoto, sakamako,
ko f / x.
F1 Latsa don nuna bayanan taimako game da
"mai amfani".
Nemo Latsa don bincika bayanan game da ImageMagick.
1-9 Latsa don canza matakin ɗaukakawa.
Yi amfani da maɓallin kibiya don motsa hoton daya pixel sama, ƙasa, hagu, ko dama a cikin girman taga. Tabbatar da farko ku tsara taga mai girman ta latsa maballin 2.
Latsa ALT da ɗaya daga maɓallin kibiya don datse ɗaya pixel daga kowane gefen hoton.
X Sakamakon
Zaɓuɓɓukan nuni za su iya bayyana a kan layin umarni ko a cikin fayil na X naka. Zaɓuɓɓuka akan layin umarni sun fi dacewa dabi'un da aka ƙayyade a cikin fayil na kayan X naka. Dubi X (1) don ƙarin bayani game da albarkatun X.
Yawancin zaɓuɓɓukan nuni suna da hanyar X daidai. Bugu da ƙari, nuni yana amfani da albarkatun X masu zuwa:
bayanan (aji na gaba)
Ya ƙayyade filayen da aka fi so don amfani da bayanan Image taga. Labaran shine #ccc.
borderColor (ajiyar BorderColor)
Yana ƙayyade launi da aka fi so don amfani da iyakar Image taga. Labaran shine #ccc.
borderWidth (ajiyar BorderWidth)
Ya ƙayyade nisa a cikin pixels na iyakar gefen hoto. Labaran shine 2.
browseCommand (kundin bincikeCommand)
Yana ƙayyade sunan furofayil da aka fi so a lokacin da yake nuna hotunan ImageMagick. Labaran shi ne netscape% s.
tabbatarwaExit (Kundin TabbatarSafi)
Nuna fito da akwatin maganganu don tabbatar da fita daga wannan shirin yayin da kake fita da shirin. Saita wannan hanya zuwa Ƙarya don fita ba tare da tabbaci ba.
nunawaGamma (Gundumar DisplayGamma)
Ya ƙayyade gamma na uwar garken X. Zaka iya amfani da lambobin gamma daban-daban zuwa launin ja, kore, da kuma zane-zane na hoton tare da jerin lambobin yabo na gamma wanda aka lalata da ƙyallen (watau 1.7 / 2.3 / 1.2). Labaran shine 2.2.
nuniWarnings (NuniWuniya)
Nuna fito da akwatin maganganu a duk lokacin da sako na gargadi ya auku. Shirya wannan hanya zuwa Ƙarya don watsi da saƙonnin gargadi.
(ajiyar FontList)
Yana ƙayyade sunan fom ɗin da aka fi so don amfani dashi cikin rubutu wanda aka tsara. A tsoho shi ne maki 14 Helvetica.
font [1-9] (Font Dokar [1-9])
Yana ƙayyade sunan fom ɗin da aka fi so don amfani da lokacin da ke nuna maɓallin hoto tare da rubutu. Ana ba da takardun tsoho, m, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold, 8x13bold, 9x15bold, 10x20, da 12x24.
maɓallin farko (aji na farko)
Ya ƙayyade launin launi don amfani da rubutu a cikin hoton hoto. Tsoho shi ne baki.
gammaDa daidai (gammaCorrect aji)
Wannan hanya, idan gaskiya ne, zai haskaka ko ya rufe hoto na gamma da aka sani ya dace da gamma na nuni (duba nuni na Gamma ). Asali ita ce Gaskiya.
lissafin bayanai ( jumlar lissafi)
Ya ƙayyade girman girman da matsayi na siffar hoto. Ba dole ba ne a yi biyayya da duk masu sarrafa mana.
Ana ba da kyauta, idan akwai, a cikin X (1) style. An gwada mummunan jadawa daga gefen dama na allon zuwa gefen dama na gunkin, kuma an ƙaddara mummunan yakamata daga ƙananan gefen allon zuwa gefen ƙasa na alamar.
iconGeometry (IconGeometry Icon)
Ya ƙayyade girman girman da matsayi na aikace-aikacen lokacin da aka haƙa. Ba dole ba ne a yi biyayya da duk masu sarrafa mana.
Ana ba da kyauta, idan akwai, ana amfani dashi a daidai yadda a cikin jumlar Jumma'a.
wurin hutawa (Iconic Iconic)
Wannan hanya yana nuna cewa za ku fi son cewa windows din aikace-aikace ba farko ba ne a bayyane kamar yadda windows ya riga ya samo shi. Gudanarwar Window na iya zaɓar kada ku girmama bukatun na aikace-aikacen.
girma (aji Girma)
ya ƙayyade wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya kamata a kara girman hoton. Labaran shi ne 3. Wannan darajar kawai yana rinjayar madaukakin taga wadda ake kira tare da lambar maɓallin lamba 3 bayan an nuna hoton.
matteColor (MatteColor matashi)
Saka launi na windows. An yi amfani da shi don tushen windows, menus, da kuma sanarwa. Ana samun sakamako na 3D ta hanyar amfani da launi da inuwa masu launin da aka samo daga wannan launi. Matsayin da aka zaɓa: # 697B8F.
sunan (sunan layi)
Wannan hanya ta ƙayyade sunan da aka samo albarkatun don aikace-aikacen. Wannan hanya yana da amfani a cikin alamar harsashi don bambanta tsakanin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ba tare da yunkurin ƙirƙirar haɗi don canza sunan sunan fayil ba. Labaran shine sunan aikace-aikacen.
Pen [1-9] (aji na Pen [1-9])
Ya ƙayyade launi na nau'ikan da aka fi so don amfani da lokacin da ke nuna maɓallin hoto tare da rubutu. Ƙafofin launuka baƙi ne, blue, kore, cyan, launin toka, ja, magenta, rawaya, da fari.
printCommand (ajiya na PrintCommand)
An kashe wannan umurnin a duk lokacin da aka buga shi. Gaba ɗaya, umarni ne don a buga PostScript zuwa firftin ka. Ƙafin matsala: lp -c -s% i.
sharedMemory (SharedMemory Shari'ar)
Wannan hanya ta ƙayyade ko nuna ya kamata yayi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don pixmaps. Dole ne a hada hotoMagick tare da goyon bayan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma nuni ya goyi bayan girman MIT-SHM. In ba haka ba, an manta da wannan hanya. Asali ita ce Gaskiya.
textFont (kundin rubutu)
Yana ƙayyade sunan fom din da aka fi so don amfani da shi (gyara rubutun kalmomi) Tsarin rubutu. A tsoho shi ne aya 14.
lakabi (ajiyar Title)
Wannan hanya ta ƙayyade take da za a yi amfani dashi don hoton hoto. Ana amfani da wannan bayanin a wasu lokutan mai sarrafa mai sarrafawa don samar da mahimmanci wanda ke gano taga. A tsoho shi ne sunan fayil ɗin hoton.
undoCache (kundin kaya)
Yana ƙayyade, a cikin mega-bytes, adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin gyara gyara cache. Kowace lokacin da kake gyaran hotunan an ajiye shi a cikin sake gyara cache idan dai ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tana samuwa. Hakanan zaka iya warware ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan canje-canje. Labaran shine 16 Megabytes.
amfaniPixmap (ajiyar amfaniPixmap)
An ajiye hotuna a matsayin XImage da tsoho. Saita wannan hanya don Gaskiya don amfani da Pixmap uwar garke maimakon. Wannan zabin yana da amfani idan hotonka ya wuce girman girman allon kwamfutarka kuma kuna son rufewa da hoton. Panning yafi sauri tare da Pixmaps fiye da XImage. Ana ganin pixmaps mai amfani, mai amfani dashi da hankali.
Don saita jimlar Girma ko Pan ko taga, yi amfani da hanya ta lissafi. Alal misali, don saita fasin faifai na Pan zuwa 256x256, yi amfani da:
nuni.pan.geometry: 256x256
LABARI IMAGE
Don zaɓar hoto don nunawa, zaɓa Buɗe fayil ɗin menu na Fayil din Widget din. Ana nuna fayil din fayil. Don zaɓar fayil ɗin hoto na musamman, motsa maɓallin zuwa fayil din kuma danna kowane maballin. Sunan fayil din an kofe zuwa fenin rubutu. Kusa, danna Buɗe ko danna maɓallin RETURN . A madadin, za ka iya rubuta sunan fayil din fayil kai tsaye a cikin rubutun rubutu. Don sayen kundayen adireshi, zabi sunan shugabanci kuma latsa maballin sau biyu. Gane-gizon yana ba da damar samun jerin sunayen filenames da za a motsa ta wurin wurin dubawa idan ya wuce girman girman yankin.
Zaka iya datsa jerin sunayen fayiloli ta amfani da haruffan globbing harsashi. Misali, rubuta * .jpg don lissafin fayilolin da suka ƙare tare da .jpg.
Don zaɓar hotunanku daga allon uwar garken X amma maimakon daga fayil, Zaba Gashi na widget din Bude .
GABATAR DA GASKIYA GASKIYA
Don ƙirƙirar Bayanin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin, zaɓi Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayan Lissafi na Fayil na Fayil daga Widget din Dokar. Ana nuna fayil din fayil. Don ƙirƙirar Bayanin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Hotuna daga duk hotunan a cikin shugabancin yanzu, danna Lissafi ko danna maɓallin RETURN . A madadin, za ka iya zaɓar saitin sunayen hotunan ta amfani da haruffan globbing harsashi. Alal misali, rubuta * .jpg don hada fayilolin da suka ƙare tare da .jpg. Don sayen kundayen adireshi, zabi sunan shugabanci kuma latsa maballin sau biyu. Gane-gizon yana ba da damar samun jerin sunayen filenames da za a motsa ta wurin wurin dubawa idan ya wuce girman girman yankin.
Bayan da ka zaɓi saitin fayiloli, an juya su cikin siffofi na hoto kuma sunyi rubutu a kan hoton guda. Yanzu motsa maɓallin zuwa wani samfuri na musamman kuma latsa maballin 3 kuma jawo. A ƙarshe, zaɓi Buɗe. Hoton da aka wakilta ta hoton ya nuna a cikakken girmansa. Zabi Daga gaba daga Fayil ɗin menu na Fayil din Gudanar da umurnin don komawa zuwa Gidan Kayayyakin Hotuna.
CUTTING IMAGE
Lura cewa an yanke bayanin da aka yanke game da bidiyon hoto ba tare da ance shi ba don abubuwan da ke gani na X (misali StaticColor , StaticColor , GRAYScale , PseudoColor ). Kyakkyawar sabanin ƙira zai iya buƙatar wani Gaskiya mai Mahimmanci ko DirectColor ko Ƙaƙwalwar Maɓallin Standard .
Da farko, latsa maɓallin Yanke na Shirye - shiryen menu na Farfesa. A madadin, danna F3 a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Yanzu kun kasance a yanayin yanki. A cikin yanayin lalacewa, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Taimako
Kashe
Don ayyana yankin da aka yanke, latsa maballin 1 kuma ja. Yankin yanki an rarrabe ta ta hanyar rubutun alama wanda ke fadada ko kwangila kamar yadda ya bi maɓallin. Da zarar ka gamsu da yankin yanke, saki maɓallin. Yanzu kun kasance a yanayin daidaitacce. A madaidaicin yanayin, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Yanke
Taimako
Kashe
Zaka iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin sasannin shinge, ta danna maɓallin, da jawowa. A karshe, latsa Cut don yin yankinku na kwafin. Don fita ba tare da yankan hoton ba, danna Musanya.
GAME DA SANTA
Da farko, danna zabi Kwafi na Shirye - shiryen menu daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna F4 a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Kuna yanzu a yanayin kwafin. A yanayin kwafin, widget din Dokar yana da wadannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Taimako
Kashe
Don ayyana yanki na yanki, latsa maballin 1 kuma ja. Yankin kofin ya bayyana ta hanyar daidaitaccen madaidaici wanda ya fadada ko kwangila kamar yadda ya bi maɓallin. Da zarar kun yarda da yankin kwafin, saki maɓallin. Yanzu kun kasance a yanayin daidaitacce. A madaidaicin yanayin, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Kwafi
Taimako
Kashe
Zaka iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin kusurwa na madaidaiciya, latsa maɓallin, da jawowa. A karshe, latsa Kwafi don yin yankinku na kwafi. Don fita ba tare da hotunan hoton ba, danna Kashe.
GABATARWA DA YIWA
Don farawa, latsa zaɓin Manna daga cikin menu na Shirye - shiryen daga widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna F5 a cikin hoton hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Yanzu kun kasance a Yanayin kwashe. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A Yanayin Sauya, widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Masu aiki
sama
in
fita
atop
xor
da
m
ƙara
cirewa
bambanci
ninka
bumpmap
maye gurbin
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi aiki mai mahimmanci daga Maɓallin menu na Mai sarrafawa na Widget din Dokar. Yadda aka gano kowane mai aiki na sadarwa a ƙasa. image taga ne hoton da aka nuna yanzu a kan uwar garke X ɗin kuma hoto shine hoton da aka samu tare da widget din Browser.
sama
Sakamakon haka shine ƙungiyar hotunan guda biyu da siffofi, tare da hotunan hotunan hoto a yankin da ɓoyewa.
in
Sakamakon ne kawai an yanke hoto ta hanyar siffar hoto . Babu hotunan hotunan image a cikin sakamakon.
fita
Hoton da aka samo shi ne hoton tare da siffar siffar image ta yanke.
atop
Sakamakon haka kamannin siffar hoto ne , tare da hotunan hotunan hotunan inda hoton ya fyauce. Lura wannan ya bambanta daga kan saboda rabo daga hoto a waje da siffar hoto ba ya bayyana a sakamakon.
xor
Sakamakon shi ne bayanan hotunan daga hotunan hotunan da hotunan da yake waje da ɓangaren yankin. Ƙasar da take tasowa ba kome ba ne.
da
Sakamakon ne kawai adadin bayanan hotunan. Ana ƙaddara dabi'u masu fita zuwa 255 (babu ambaliya). Wannan aiki yana da zaman kanta na tashoshin matte.
m
Sakamakon hoton - hoton hoto , tare da zubar da jini zuwa zane. An ƙyale tashar matte (saita zuwa 255, cikakken ɗaukar hoto).
ƙara
Sakamakon hoto + image taga , tare da ambaliya wrapping kewaye (mod 256).
cirewa
Sakamakon hoton - hoton hoto , tare da zubar da jini a kusa da (mod 256). Za'a iya amfani da ƙara da kuma cire masu sarrafawa don yin canjin canji.
bambanci
Sakamakon abs ( hoto - hoto taga ). Wannan yana da amfani don kwatanta hotuna biyu masu kama da juna.
ninka
Sakamakon hoto * image taga . Wannan yana da amfani don ƙirƙirar inuwa.
bumpmap
Sakamakon taga na hoto ya rufe ta.
maye gurbin
Hoton da aka samo shi ne an maye gurbin hoto tare da hoton . A nan an manta da bayanin matte.
Mai rikitaccen hoto yana buƙatar matte, ko haruffa a cikin hoton don wasu ayyukan. Wannan ƙarin tashar yana nuna maƙalar da ke wakiltar irin nau'in kuki akan hoton. Wannan shi ne yanayin idan matte ya kasance 255 (cikakken ɗaukar hoto) don pixels cikin siffar, ba a waje, kuma tsakanin sifili da 255 a kan iyaka. Idan hoton ba shi da tashar matte, an fara shi da 0 domin kowane pixel wanda ya dace da launi zuwa wuri na pixel (0,0), in ba haka ba 255. Dubi Matte Editing don hanya don gano hanyar tashar matte.
Lura cewa bayanin matte don bidiyon hoto ba a riƙe shi ba don bayyane na shafukan X (misali StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Kyakkyawan hali na haɓakawa na iya buƙatar Ɗaukaka na Gaskiya ko DirectColor na gani ko Maɓallin Color Color .
Zaɓin aikin sadarwar mai aiki yana zaɓi. Mai amfani na asali yana maye gurbin. Duk da haka, dole ne ka zaɓi wuri don tsara hotunanka da latsa maballin 1. Latsa ka riƙe maɓallin kafin ka sake saki kuma zanewar hoton zai bayyana don taimaka maka gano wurinka.
An adana ainihin launuka na hoto maras nauyi. Duk da haka, launi da ke nuna hoto yana iya zama daban. Alal misali, a kan allon hotunan hotunan monochrome zai bayyana baƙar fata ko farar fata ko da yake hotunanku maras nauyi zai iya samun launuka masu yawa. Idan an adana hoton zuwa fayil ɗin an rubuta shi tare da launi daidai. Don tabbatar da launuka masu kyau ana adana a cikin hoton ƙarshe, kowane hoto na PseudoClass yana inganta zuwa DirectClass . Don tilasta hotunan PseudoClass don zama PseudoClass , amfani da -colors .
GABATARWA DA IMAGE
Don farawa, danna zaɓar Shuka mai juyawa mai sauƙi daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna [a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Kun kasance a halin yanzu. A cikin yanayin amfanin gona, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Taimako
Kashe
Don ayyana yanki na yanki, latsa maballin 1 kuma ja. Yankin yanki ya bayyana ta hanyar daidaitaccen madaidaiciya wanda ya fadada ko kwangila kamar yadda ya bi maɓallin. Da zarar kun yarda da yankin cropping, saki maɓallin. Yanzu kun kasance a yanayin daidaitacce. A madaidaicin yanayin, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Shuka
Taimako
Kashe
Zaka iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin sasannin kusurwa ta tsakiya, latsa maɓallin, da jawowa. A karshe, latsa Crop don aiwatar da yankinku. Don fita ba tare da hotunan hoton ba, danna Musayar.
HANYAR GABA
An yankakken yankakken hoto. Babu wata hujjar layin umarni don yanke hoto. Da farko, zaɓa Maɓallin Cikin Gidan Sauye - sauye daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, latsa] a cikin Hoton hoto.
Yanzu kun kasance a Yanayin Chop . Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss . A Yanayin Chop, widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Jagora
a kwance
tsaye
Taimako
Kashe
Idan ka zaɓi jagorancin kwance (wannan ita ce tsoho), an cire sashin hoton tsakanin maƙasudin gefe guda biyu na layi. In ba haka ba, an cire sashin hoton tsakanin tsinkayen gefe guda biyu na lalata.
Zaɓi wuri a cikin hoton hoto don fara zafin ku, latsa ka riƙe kowane maballin. Na gaba, motsa maɓallin zuwa wani wuri a cikin hoton. Yayin da kake motsa wani layi zai haɗa wurin farko da kuma maɓallin. Lokacin da ka saki maɓallin, maɓallin da ke cikin hoton don yankakke an ƙayyade ta hanyar jagorancin da ka zaɓi daga widget din Dokar.
Don soke maɓallin hoto, motsa maɓallin baya zuwa maɓallin farawa na layin kuma saki maɓallin.
ROTATION IMAGE
Latsa / maɓallin don juya siffar 90 digiri ko \ don juya -90 digiri. Don haɓaka mataki na juyawa, zaɓa Gyara ... na Ƙarƙashin mai sauƙi daga Dokar Widget. A madadin, danna * a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan layin kwance yana kusa kusa da maɓallin. Kun kasance a yanzu a cikin yanayin canzawa. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A cikin yanayin juya, widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Girman pixel
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
Binciken ...
Jagora
a kwance
tsaye
Shuka
ƙarya
gaskiya
Kara
ƙarya
gaskiya
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi launi na launi daga Fayil-launi na Pixel Color. Ƙarin bayanan launuka za a iya ƙayyade tare da maɓallin launi. Zaka iya canza launuka na layi ta hanyar saita albashin X na albashin pen9.
Idan ka zaɓa maɓallin launi kuma latsa Kwafi , za ka iya zaɓar launin launi ta hanyar motsa maɓin zuwa launin da kake so akan allon kuma latsa kowane maballin.
Zaɓi wani maɓalli a cikin hoto da kuma latsa maɓallin wannan button kuma riƙe. Na gaba, motsa maɓallin zuwa wani wuri a cikin hoton. Yayin da kake motsa wani layin ya haɗa wurin farko da kuma maɓallin. Lokacin da ka saki maɓallin, mataki na juyawa na hoto ya ƙaddara ta hanyar gangaren layin da ka kawai kusantar. Hanya tana da dangantaka da jagoran da kake zaɓa daga cikin menu na Gidan Sarrafa na Dokar.
Don soke juyawar hoto, motsa maɓallin baya zuwa wurin farawa na layin kuma saki maɓallin.
Daidaitawar hoto
Zabi Hanyoyin-> Sashi don sashi hoto ta hanyar nazarin tarihin sifofin launi da kuma gano raka'a waɗanda suke da alaƙa da ma'anar c. Sakamakon samfurin sararin samaniya yana nazarin rubutun kalmomin launi guda uku na hoton kuma yana gano saitin jinsuna. Ana amfani da nau'o'in kowane ɗalibai don ƙaddamar da hoto tare da kullun. Launi da ke hade da kowane ɗayan an ƙayyade ta launi mai kyau na dukkan pixels a cikin ɗayan ɗayan ɗalibai. A ƙarshe, an sanya kowane nau'in pixels ba tare da izini ba. Ana iya takaitaccen c-Hanyar algorithm kamar haka:
Gina wani tarihin, daya don kowanne launi na hoton.
Ga kowane tarihin, zaku yi amfani da samfurin zane-zane da kuma gina wani ɓangaren tsaka-tsaki na ƙetare zane a cikin ƙari na biyu a kowane sikelin. Yi nazarin wannan sikelin "yatsin yatsa" don sanin ko wane ɗakunan kogi ko kwaruruka a cikin tarihin sun fi rinjaye.
Tsarin yatsun kafa yana nuna lokaci a kan zane na tarihin. Kowace tazarar ya ƙunshi ko dai minima ko maxima a sigina na ainihi. Idan kowane launi ya kasance a cikin tsakaita maxima, ana daukan wannan pixel "ƙaddara" kuma an sanya lambar ajiya ta musamman.
Duk wani pixel wanda bai cancanta a ƙididdige shi ba a cikin kundin kullun da aka sama a sama an rarraba ta ta amfani da fasaha mai amfani da fasaha-c. An sanya shi zuwa ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan da aka gano a cikin tarihin binciken tarihin.
Yunkurin da aka yi amfani da shi na C-Nama yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙunshi pixel ta hanyar gano ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan daga cikin ƙididdigar a cikin ɓangaren ƙungiyar aikin kuskuren kuskure. Ana sanya pixel zuwa ɗayan mafi kusa wanda ɗayan memba yana da ƙimar darajar.
Don ƙarin bayani duba:
GABATARWA DA GABATARWA
Hoton an hotunta tare da shi. Babu wata hujjar layin umarni don annotate wani hoton. Da farko, zaɓa Annotate na Hoton Sauke menu daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna ma a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Yanzu kun kasance a cikin yanayin annotate. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A cikin yanayin annotate, widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Font Name
gyarawa
m
5x8
6x10
7x13bold
8x13bold
9x15bold
10x20
12x24
Binciken ...
Font Color
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
m
Binciken ...
Akwatin Launi
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
m
Binciken ...
Gyara Rubutun
-90
-45
-30
0
30
45
90
180
Tattaunawa ...
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi sunan suna daga sunan Font Name sub-menu. Za a iya ƙayyade sunayen layi na musamman tare da mai bincike na bincike. Zaka iya canza sunayen sunaye ta hanyar kafa saitunan kayan aikin X ta hanyar font9.
Zaɓi launi na launi daga Fom ɗin Yanayin Font . Ƙarin launuka masu launuka za a iya ƙayyade su tare da maɓallin launi. Zaka iya canza launuka na layi ta hanyar saita albashin X na albashin pen9.
Idan ka zaɓi mai launi mai launi sannan ka danna Girgi , za ka iya zaɓar launin launi ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa launin da ake bukata akan allon kuma latsa kowane maballin.
Idan ka zaɓa don juya rubutun, zaɓa Gyara Rubutun daga menu sannan ka zaɓa wani kwana. Yawancin lokaci za ku so kawai a juya guda ɗaya na rubutu a lokaci guda. Dangane da kusurwar da ka zaɓa, samfurori na gaba zasu iya kawo karshen rubutun juna.
Zaɓin sautin da launi shi ne zaɓi. Ana gyara ajalin tsoho kuma tsoho launi baƙar fata ne. Duk da haka, dole ne ka zaɓi wuri don fara shigar da rubutu kuma latsa maballin. Abinda ke tabbatarwa zai bayyana a wuri na maɓallin. Mai siginan kwamfuta ya canza zuwa fensir don nuna kai a yanayin rubutu. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss.
A cikin yanayin rubutu, kowane maballin maɓalli zai nuna halin a wurin da yake nunawa da ci gaba da ƙaddamar da siginan kwamfuta. Shigar da rubutunku kuma da zarar an gama latsa Aiwatar don kammala bayaninku na hoto. Don gyara kurakurai buga BACK SPACE . Don share duk nau'in rubutu, latsa KASHE . Duk wani rubutu da ya wuce iyakar hoton hoton yana ci gaba da ta atomatik a layi na gaba.
Ana buƙatar ainihin launi da kake buƙatar don yin rubutu a cikin hoton. Duk da haka, launi da take bayyana a cikin Hoton Hotuna na iya zama daban. Alal misali, a kan allon monochrome rubutu zai bayyana baƙar fata ko farar fata ko da za ka zabi launin launi azaman launin launi. Duk da haka, hoton da aka ajiye zuwa fayil tare da -write an rubuta tare da rubutun ja. Don tabbatar da ainihin rubutu launi a cikin hoton ƙarshe, kowane hoto na PseudoClass yana ci gaba zuwa DirectClass (duba masifa (5)). Don tilasta hotunan PseudoClass don zama PseudoClass , amfani da -colors .
GABATARWA DA IMAGE
An ƙirƙira wani nau'i na hoto tare da haɗin kai. Babu wata jigidar layi don tsara hoto . Da farko, zaɓa Zaɓin Maɗaukaki na Hoton Sauya daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna x a cikin Image taga.
Da farko an nuna maɓallin nunawa yana neman ku shigar da sunan hoton. Latsa Shafuka , Ɗauka ko rubuta sunan fayil. Latsa Wallafa idan ka zaɓi kada ka ƙirƙiri hoton da ya dace. Lokacin da ka zaba Jawabin , motsa maɓallin zuwa taga da ake so kuma danna kowane maballin.
Idan Hoton da aka ƙayyade ba shi da wani bayanin matte, ana sanar da kai kuma an sake bayyana browser ɗin. Shigar da sunan wani mask image. Hoton yana da yawanci ƙananan ƙananan sikelin kuma girman girman su kamar siffar hoto. Idan hoton ba ƙananan ƙananan digiri ba ne, an canza shi zuwa ƙananan sikelin kuma ana amfani da ƙananan ƙarfi sakamakon matte bayani.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Kun kasance a halin yanzu. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A cikin yanayin daidaitawa, Widget din Dokar yana da wadannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Masu aiki
sama
in
fita
atop
xor
da
m
ƙara
cirewa
bambanci
bumpmap
maye gurbin
Haɗa
Nuna
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi aiki mai mahimmanci daga Maɓallin menu na Mai sarrafawa na Widget din Dokar. Yadda aka gano kowane mai aiki na sadarwa a ƙasa. image taga ne hoton da aka nuna a yanzu a kan uwar garke X ɗinka kuma hoton ne hoton da aka samu
sama
Sakamakon haka shine ƙungiyar hotunan guda biyu da siffofi, tare da hotunan hotunan hoto a yankin da ɓoyewa.
in
Sakamakon ne kawai an yanke hoto ta hanyar siffar hoto . Babu hotunan hotunan image a cikin sakamakon.
fita
Hoton da aka samo shi ne hoton tare da siffar siffar image ta yanke.
atop
Sakamakon haka kamannin siffar hoto ne , tare da hotunan hotunan hotunan inda hoton ya fyauce. Lura wannan ya bambanta daga kan saboda rabo daga hoto a waje da siffar hoto ba ya bayyana a sakamakon.
xor
Sakamakon shi ne bayanan hotunan daga hotunan hotunan da hotunan da yake waje da ɓangaren yankin. Ƙasar da take tasowa ba kome ba ne.
da
Sakamakon ne kawai adadin bayanan hotunan. Ana ƙaddara dabi'u masu fita zuwa 255 (babu ambaliya). Wannan aiki yana da zaman kanta na tashoshin matte.
m
Sakamakon hoton - hoton hoto , tare da zubar da jini zuwa zane. An ƙyale tashar matte (saita zuwa 255, cikakken ɗaukar hoto).
ƙara
Sakamakon hoto + image taga , tare da ambaliya wrapping kewaye (mod 256).
cirewa
Sakamakon hoton - hoton hoto , tare da zubar da jini a kusa da (mod 256). Za'a iya amfani da ƙara da kuma cire masu sarrafawa don yin canjin canji.
bambanci
Sakamakon abs ( hoto - hoto taga ). Wannan yana da amfani don kwatanta hotuna biyu masu kama da juna.
bumpmap
Sakamakon taga na hoto ya rufe ta.
maye gurbin
Hoton da aka samo shi ne an maye gurbin hoto tare da hoton . A nan an manta da bayanin matte.
Mai rikitaccen hoto yana buƙatar matte, ko haruffa a cikin hoton don wasu ayyukan. Wannan ƙarin tashar yana nuna maƙalar da ke wakiltar irin nau'in kuki akan hoton. Wannan shi ne yanayin idan matte ya kasance 255 (cikakken ɗaukar hoto) don pixels cikin siffar, ba a waje, kuma tsakanin sifili da 255 a kan iyaka. Idan hoton ba shi da tashar matte, an fara shi da 0 domin kowane pixel wanda ya dace da launi zuwa wuri na pixel (0,0), in ba haka ba 255. Dubi Matte Editing don hanya don gano hanyar tashar matte.
Idan ka zaɓa haɗuwa , injin mai amfani ya zama kan . Hoton na matte tasiri bisa daidaituwa da aka ƙaddamar zuwa factor. An saka maɓallin hoto zuwa (100-factor). A ina factor shine darajar da kuka saka a cikin widget ɗin Dialog.
Nuna canje-canje da pixels na hoto kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar taswira. Da wannan zabin, an yi amfani da hotuna azaman taswirar ɓata. Black, a cikin taswirar tafiye-tafiye, ita ce matsakaicin matsin lamba. White ne iyakar matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici kuma matsakaicin launin toka yana tsaka tsaki. An cire matsi don ƙayyade ƙwanan pixel. Ta hanyar tsoho, maye gurbin ya shafi duka kwance da tsaye. Duk da haka, idan ka saka mask , hoto shine kwance na X da aka kwance da kuma rufe mashigin Y.
Lura cewa bayanin matte don bidiyon hoto ba a riƙe shi ba don bayyane na shafukan X (misali StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Kyakkyawan hali na haɓakawa na iya buƙatar Ɗaukaka na Gaskiya ko DirectColor na gani ko Maɓallin Color Color .
Zaɓin aikin sadarwar mai aiki yana zaɓi. Mai amfani na asali yana maye gurbin. Duk da haka, dole ne ka zaɓi wuri don tsara hotunanka da latsa maballin 1. Latsa ka riƙe maɓallin kafin ka sake saki kuma zanewar hoton zai bayyana don taimaka maka gano wurinka.
Ana adana ainihin launuka na hoton da ya dace. Duk da haka, launi da ke nuna hoto yana iya zama daban. Alal misali, a kan allon hotunan monochrome zai nuna baƙar fata ko fari ko da yake hotunanku na iya zama da yawa launuka. Idan an adana hoton zuwa fayil ɗin an rubuta shi tare da launi daidai. Don tabbatar da ainihin launi an adana a cikin hoton ƙarshe, kowane hoto na PseudoClass an inganta shi zuwa DirectClass (duba kotu). Don tilasta hotunan PseudoClass don zama PseudoClass , amfani da -colors .
COLOR EDITING
Canja launi na saitin pixels anyi aiki tare. Babu wata jigidar layin umarni don shirya pixel. Da farko, zaɓa Launi daga Hoton Shirye-shiryen Hotuna mai sauƙi na Widget din. A madadin, danna c a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Kuna yanzu a yanayin launi. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss . A cikin yanayin gyare-gyaren launin, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Hanyar
aya
maye gurbin
ambaliyar ruwa
sake saita
Girman pixel
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
Binciken ...
Launiyar Border
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
Binciken ...
Fuzz
0
2
4
8
16
Tattaunawa ...
Cire
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi hanyar gyare-gyare mai launi daga Tsarin hanyar menu na Widget din Dokar. Hanyar mahimmanci da aka gano duk wani pixel da aka zaba tare da maƙallin sai dai idan an sake maɓallin. Tsarin hanyar maye gurbin kowane pixel wanda ya dace da launi na pixel da ka zaɓa tare da latsa maballin. Ruwan Floodfill recolors wani pixel wanda ya dace da launi na pixel da ka zaba tare da latsa maballin kuma makwabci ne. Ganin cewa cikatoborder yana canza nauyin nauyin kowane maƙwabcin makwabci wanda ba iyakokin launi ba. A ƙarshe sake saitin sake sauya hoton duka zuwa launi mai launi.
Kusa, zaɓin launi na pixel daga layin menu na Pixel Color . Ƙarin maɓallan pixel za a iya ƙayyade tare da mai launi mai launi. Zaka iya canza launuka na layi ta hanyar saita albashin X na albashin pen9.
Yanzu latsa maballin 1 don zaɓin pixel a cikin Image taga don canza launi. Ƙila za a iya karɓar ƙarin pixels kamar yadda aka tsara ta hanyar da kake so. ƙarin pixels ta hanyar ƙara Delta darajar.
Idan Ana tsara zanen widget din , zai iya taimakawa wajen daidaitawa a cikin hoto (koma zuwa button 2). A madadin za ka iya zaɓin pixel don ganewa daga cikin widget widget . Matsar da maɓallin zuwa Girgirar widget din kuma sanya matsayi tare da maɓallin maɓallin siginan kwamfuta. A ƙarshe, latsa maɓallin don gano adabin da aka zaɓa (ko pixels).
Ana buƙatar ainihin launi da kake nema don pixels a cikin hoton. Duk da haka, launi da take bayyana a cikin Hoton Hotuna na iya zama daban. Alal misali, a kan allon monochrome fuskar pixel zai bayyana baƙar fata ko farar fata ko da za ka zabi launin launi azaman launin pixel. Duk da haka, hoton da aka ajiye zuwa fayil tare da -write an rubuta shi tare da red pixels. Don tabbatar da ainihin launi a cikin hoton ƙarshe, kowane hoto na PseudoClass yana kara zuwa DirectClass Don tilasta hoton PseudoClass don zama PseudoClass , amfani da -colors .
MATTE EDITING
Matte bayanai a cikin hoton yana da amfani ga wasu ayyuka irin su hotunan hoto. Wannan ƙarin tashar yana nuna maƙalar da ke wakiltar irin nau'in kuki akan hoton. Wannan shi ne yanayin idan matte ya kasance 255 (cikakken ɗaukar hoto) don pixels cikin siffar, ba a waje, kuma tsakanin sifili da 255 a kan iyaka.
Ana saita bayanin matte a cikin hoton da aka yi tare da juna. Babu wata jigidar layin umarni don shirya pixel. Don farawa, kuma zaɓi Matte na Hotuna mai sauƙi daga menu na Widget din.
A madadin, danna ma a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Kuna yanzu a cikin yanayin gyaran matte. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A cikin matakan gyaran matte, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Hanyar
aya
maye gurbin
ambaliyar ruwa
sake saita
Launiyar Border
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
Binciken ...
Fuzz
0
2
4
8
16
Tattaunawa ...
Matte
Cire
Taimako
Kashe
Zaži hanyar gyara ta matte daga Tsarin hanyar menu na Widget din Dokar. Tsarin hanya yana canza nauyin nauyin kowane nau'in pixel wanda aka zaba tare da maɓallin har sai an sake maɓallin. Yanayin maye gurbin canjin nauyin kowane nau'in pixel da ya dace da launi na pixel da ka zaba tare da latsa maballin. Floodfill canza canjin nauyin duk wani pixel da ya dace da launi na pixel da ka zaɓa tare da latsa maballin kuma yana makwabcin ka. Kodayake masu cikawa na ƙwaƙwalwar kowane maƙwabci wanda ba iyakar launi ba ne. A karshe sake saitin sake canza siffar da aka sanya nau'in matte. Zabi Matte Value da maganganu ya bayyana neman matte matte. Shigar da darajar tsakanin 0 da 255 . An sanya wannan darajar azaman nauyin matte na pixel da aka zaɓa ko pixels. Yanzu, latsa kowane maballin don zaɓin pixel a cikin Image taga don canza matte matte. Zaka iya canza nauyin matte na ƙarin pixels ta hanyar karuwar darajar Delta. An ƙaddamar da adadin Delta da farko sannan a cire shi daga ja, kore, da kuma blue na launin launi.
Duk wani pixels a cikin kewayon kuma an sabunta matte matte. Idan Ana tsara zanen widget din , zai iya taimakawa wajen daidaitawa a cikin hoto (koma zuwa button 2). Hakanan zaka iya zaɓin pixel don canza nauyin matte daga cikin Widget din widget . Matsar da maɓallin zuwa Girgirar widget din kuma sanya matsayi tare da maɓallin maɓallin siginan kwamfuta. A ƙarshe, latsa maɓallin don canza nauyin matte na pixel da aka zaɓa (ko pixels). Bayanan matte kawai yana aiki a cikin hoton DirectClass . Saboda haka, duk Hoton PseudoClass an inganta shi zuwa DirectClass . Lura cewa bayanin matte don PseudoClass ba za'a kiyaye shi ba don samfurin saitunan X (misali StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ) sai dai idan zaka adana hotunanka zuwa fayil (koma zuwa Rubuta). Kyakkyawan hali na gyara matte na iya buƙatar wani Gaskiya na RealColor ko DirectColor ko Maɓallin Color Color .
GABATARWA DA KUMA
An hotunan hoto a kan hulɗa. Babu wata hujjar layin umarni don zana a hoto . Da farko, zaɓi Draw of the Image Edit sub-menu daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna d a cikin hoto.
Mai siginan kwamfuta yana canzawa zuwa gishiri don nuna kai a cikin zane. Don fita nan da nan, latsa Dismiss. A cikin yanayin zanawa, widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Na farko
aya
layi
rectangle
cika fashin tauraro
da'irar
cika da'irar
ellipse
cika ellipse
polygon
cika polygon
Launi
baki
blue
cyan
kore
launin toka
ja
magenta
rawaya
fararen
m
Binciken ...
Stipple
Brick
Diagonal
Balana
Ga alama
Wavy
Translucent
Opaque
Bude ...
Width
1
2
4
8
16
Tattaunawa ...
Cire
Taimako
Kashe
Zaɓi wani zane mai mahimmanci daga Mahimmin menu na farko.
Kusa, zaɓi launi daga launi mai launin launi. Ƙarin launuka za a iya ƙayyade tare da mai launi mai launi. Zaka iya canza launuka na layi ta hanyar saita albashin X na albashin pen9. Sakamakon launi yana sabunta tashar matte na hoto kuma yana da amfani ga hotunan hoto.
Idan ka zaɓa maɓallin mai launi kuma latsa Dama , za ka iya zaɓar tsohuwar launi ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa launin da ake bukata akan allon kuma latsa kowane maballin. Sakamakon launi yana sabunta tashar matte na hoto kuma yana da amfani ga hotunan hoto.
Zaɓi ƙila, idan ya dace, daga Stipple sub-menu. Za a iya ƙayyade ƙididdiga ta musamman tare da mai lilo fayil. Stipples da aka samo daga mashigin fayilolin dole ne su kasance akan faifai a cikin tsarin bitmap X11.
Zaɓi layin layin, idan ya dace, daga Ƙaddamarwa ta Ƙari. Don zaɓar wani ƙananan yanki zaɓi widget din maganganu .
Zaɓi wata alama a cikin hoto da kuma danna maɓallin button 1 kuma riƙe. Na gaba, motsa maɓallin zuwa wani wuri a cikin hoton. Yayin da kake motsawa, layin yana haɗa wurin farko da kuma maɓallin. Lokacin da ka saki maɓallin, an sabunta hoton tare da tsohuwar da kake kawai kusantar. Don polygons, ana ɗaukaka hotunan lokacin da kake danna kuma saki maɓallin ba tare da motsa maɓallin ba.
Don soke zane hotunan, motsa maɓallin baya zuwa wurin farawa na layin kuma saki maɓallin.
REGION OF MUTUWA
Da farko, latsa maɓallin Yanki na Shafin Farko na Ƙirƙirar pixel daga Widget din Dokar. A madadin, danna R a cikin hoto.
Ƙananan taga ya nuna nuna wurin wurin siginan kwamfuta a cikin hoton hoto. Yanzu kun kasance a yanki na yanayin sha'awa. A cikin yanki na yanayin sha'awa, Widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Taimako
Kashe
Don ayyana yanki na sha'awa, latsa maballin 1 kuma ja. Yankin sha'awa ya bayyana ta hanyar daidaitaccen ma'auni wanda ya fadada ko kwangila kamar yadda ya bi da maɓallin. Da zarar kun gamsu da yankin na sha'awa, saki maɓallin. Kun kasance a halin yanzu. A cikin yanayin yin amfani da widget din Dokar yana da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
Fayil
Ajiye ...
Buga ...
Shirya
Cire
Redo
Canji
Flip
Flop
Kunna dama
Kunna hagu
Ƙara
Hue ...
Saturation ...
Haske ...
Gamma ...
Spiff
Dull
Equalize
Daidaita
Negate
Gidan Gida
Ƙari ...
Hanyoyin
Dama
Emboss
Rage Busa
Ƙara Noise
Ƙara ...
Blur ...
Abun ...
Edge Detect ...
Yada ...
Shade ...
Tada ...
Kashi ...
F / X
Solarize ...
Swirl ...
Mai gabatarwa ...
Wave ...
Paint Oil
Cakuda Zane ...
Miscellany
Bayanin Hotuna
Zoom Image
Show Preview ...
Nuna Tarihi
Nuna Matte
Taimako
Kashe
Zaka iya yin gyare-gyare zuwa yanki na sha'awa ta hanyar motsa maɓallin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin sasannin taurari, danna maɓallin, da jawowa. A karshe, zaɓar hanyar yin amfani da hotuna daga Widget din Dokar. Zaka iya zaɓar fiye da ɗaya fasaha na hoto don amfani da yankin. A madadin, za ka iya motsa yankin na ban sha'awa kafin amfani da wata fasahar sarrafa hoto. Don fita, danna Kashe.
HANYAR SANTA
Lokacin da hoton ya zarce nisa ko tsawo na allon uwar garken X, nuna taswirar gunkin panning. Gidan madauwari a cikin tashar mahimmanci yana nuna yankin da aka nuna yanzu a cikin hoton hoto. Don ƙafe game da hoton, danna kowane maballin kuma ja da maɓallin a cikin alamar panning. Ana gyara maɓallin gilashin kwanon rufi tare da maɓalli da kuma hotunan hoton don yin la'akari da wurin da madaurarraɗi ke ciki a cikin tashar panning. Lokacin da ka zabi yankin na hoton da kake son ganin, saki maɓallin.
Yi amfani da maɓallan arrow don rufe hoton daya pixel sama, ƙasa, hagu, ko dama a cikin hoton hoto.
An kawar da gunkin panning idan hoton ya zama ƙasa da girman girman allon uwar garken X.
MUHIMMAN LITTAFI
Sha'idodin zai shafi hali na tsoho na nuni (1) . Abubuwan da aka zaɓa su ne ko dai na gaskiya ne ko ƙarya kuma ana adana a cikin tasharka na gida kamar yadda .displayrc:
nuna hotunan da aka kebe a kan bayanan "
Wannan bayanan yana rufe dukkan allo kuma yana da amfani ga ɓoye sauran ayyukan X yayin kallon hoton. Launi na bayanan an ƙayyade azaman launin launi. Duba X Maganai don cikakkun bayanai. tabbatar da fita daga shirin "
Tambaya don tabbatarwa kafin yin nuni (1) shirin. daidai hoto don nuna gamma "
Idan hoton yana da gamma da aka sani, ana gyara gamma don daidaitawa na uwar garken X (duba X Resource displayGamma ). shafi Floyd / Steinberg kuskuren kuskure zuwa hoto "
Manufar da ake da shi na dithering shine sayen ƙuduri mai ƙarfi don ƙuduri na sararin samaniya ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ƙararrakin da dama da ke kusa da pixels. Hotunan da ke fama da mummunar tashin hankali lokacin da rage launuka za a iya inganta tare da wannan zaɓi. Yi amfani da launi mai launi daya don alamun X na gani "
Wannan zaɓin kawai ya shafi lokacin da aka gani na ainihin X shine PseudoColor ko GRAYScale . Koma zuwa -fifari don karin bayani. Ta hanyar tsoho, an ba da alamar ma'auni mai mahimmanci. Hoton ya ba da launi tare da sauran abokan ciniki na X. Wasu hotunan hotunan zasu iya kimantawa, sabili da haka hotunanku na iya bambanta da yadda aka nufa. In ba haka ba, siffofin launuka suna bayyana kamar yadda aka bayyana. Duk da haka, wasu abokan ciniki zasu iya zuwa fasaha lokacin da aka shigar da launi na hoton. nuna hotuna a matsayin xin uwar garken X "
An ajiye hotuna a matsayin XImage da tsoho. Saita wannan hanya don Gaskiya don amfani da Pixmap uwar garke maimakon. Wannan zabin yana da amfani idan hotonka ya wuce girman girman allon kwamfutarka kuma kuna son rufewa da hoton. Panning yafi sauri tare da Pixmaps fiye da XImage. Ana ganin pixmaps mai amfani, mai amfani dashi da hankali.