Sunan
hanya - nuna / sarrafa tsarin ladaran IP
SYNOPSIS
hanya [ -CFvnee ]
hanya
[ -a ] [ -a iyali] ƙara [ -net | -host ] manufa [ netmask Nm] [ gw Gw] [ metric N] [ mss M] [ window W] [ irtt I] [ ƙaryata ] [ dyn ] [ sake shigar da ] [idan]
hanya
[ -a ] [ -a ] iyalin del -net | -host ] manufa [ gw Gw] [ netmask Nm] [ metric N] [idan]
hanya
[ -V ] [- juya ] [ -h ] [ --help ]
Sakamakon
Hanyar yana amfani da matakan tsaftacewa ta IP ta kernel. Abinda yake amfani da shi shine amfani da hanyoyi na musamman ga wasu runduna ko cibiyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar binciken bayan an saita shi tare da shirin idanconfig (8).
Lokacin da ake amfani da ƙara ko del zažužžukan, hanya tana gyaran ɗakunan tsaftacewa. Ba tare da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ba, hanya tana nuna abin da ke ciki na kwasfan gyaran.
KARANTA
-A iyali
Yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar adireshin (misali 'inet'; amfani da 'hanya --help' don cikakken jerin).
-F
Yi aiki a kan FIB na Kernel (Gudanar da Shafin Bayanan). Wannan shi ne tsoho.
-C
Yi aiki akan cache ta cache .
-v
zaɓi aiki na verbose.
-n
nuna adireshin lambobi maimakon ƙoƙari na ƙayyade sunayen masu masauki na alama. Wannan yana da amfani idan kuna ƙoƙarin ƙayyade dalilin da ya sa hanya zuwa ga sunan mai suna ya ɓace.
-e
Yi amfani da netstat (8) -format don nuna kwamfutar kewayawa. -Ya samar da layin dogon lokaci tare da duk sigogi daga layin da aka sanya.
d
share hanya.
ƙara
ƙara sabon hanyar.
manufa
cibiyar sadarwar ko masaukin. Zaka iya samar da adiresoshin IP a cikin ƙaddarar ƙirar alƙawari ko sunayen mai suna / cibiyar sadarwa .
-net
manufa ita ce cibiyar sadarwa.
-host
manufa ita ce rundunar.
netmask NM
lokacin da aka ƙara hanyar hanyar sadarwa, za a yi amfani da netmask.
gw GW
hanyoyin buƙatun ta hanyar hanyar ƙofar. NOTE: Dole ne ƙofar da aka ƙayyade dole ta kasance da farko. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne ka kafa hanya ta tsaye zuwa ƙofar kafin. Idan ka saka adireshin daya daga cikin ƙirarka na gida, za a yi amfani da shi don yanke shawara game da dubawa wanda za'a buƙatar kwakwalwa. Wannan halayyar BSDism ne mai amfani.
metric M
saita filin ƙaddamarwa a cikin tebur mahimmanci (amfani da tarar daemons) zuwa M.
mss M
saita TCP Girman Yanki (MSS) don haɗin kan wannan hanya zuwa M bytes. Asali ita ce matakan MTU masu raƙatuwa, ko MTU mafi ƙanƙanci yayin da aka gano hanyar hanyar. Za a iya amfani da wannan wuri don tilasta ƙananan kwakwalwan TCP a kan ƙarshen ƙarshen lokacin da hanyar gano hanyar ba ta aiki (yawanci saboda wutan wuta wanda ba shi da alaƙa wanda ya buƙata ICMP Fragmentation da ake bukata)
taga W
saita matakan TCP don haɗin kan wannan hanya zuwa ga Bytes. Wannan ana amfani da ita ne kawai a kan cibiyoyin AX.25 tare da direbobi da basu iya kulawa da baya ba.
Irtt I
saita lokaci na farko na tafiya (irtt) don haɗin TCP akan wannan hanya zuwa milliseconds (1-12000). Ana amfani da wannan kawai a kan cibiyoyin sadarwa na AX.25. Idan an cire RFC 1122 tsoho na 300ms ana amfani.
karyata
shigar da hanya ta kulle, wanda zai tilasta yin bincike ga hanya don kasawa. Wannan misali misali ana amfani dashi don kariya daga cibiyoyin sadarwa kafin amfani da hanya ta hanya. Wannan ba NOT don firewalling.
mod, dyn, sake sakewa
shigar da hanzari ko hanyar gyaggyarawa. Waɗannan sifofin suna don dalilai na bincike, kuma ana saita su kawai ta hanyar kwashe daemons.
dev Idan
Ƙarfafa hanyar da za a hade da na'urar da aka ƙayyade, kamar yadda kwaya zaiyi kokarin gwada na'urar a kansa (ta hanyar duba hanyar da aka riga ta kasance da kuma bayanan na'urar, da kuma inda ake ƙara hanya). A mafi yawan al'ada na al'ada ba za ku bukaci wannan ba.
Idan yadawa Idan shine zabin na ƙarshe a kan layin umarni, za'a iya cire kalmar zuwa, kamar yadda tsoho. In ba haka ba, tsari na hanyar gyaran hanya (metric - netmask - gw - dev) ba kome ba.
Misalai
hanyar ƙara -net 127.0.0.0
Ƙara mahimmanci na shigarwa, ta hanyar amfani da netmask 255.0.0.0 (ajiyar A, wanda aka ƙayyade daga adireshin adireshin) kuma yana haɗar da na'urar "lo" (zaton cewa an saita wannan na'urar daidai da ifconfig (8)).
hanyar ƙara -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
Ƙara hanya zuwa cibiyar sadarwa 192.56.76.x via "eth0". A Class C netmask gyara ba da gaske zama dole a nan saboda 192. * ne Class C IP address. Kalmar "dev" za a iya tsallake a nan.
hanya ƙara tsoho gwada
Ƙara hanya mai mahimmanci (wanda za'a yi amfani dashi idan babu wasu matakan da suka dace). Duk fayilolin yin amfani da wannan hanya za a bude ta "mango-gw". Na'urar da za a yi amfani dashi a wannan hanya ya dogara ne akan yadda zamu iya kaiwa "mango-gw" - hanyar da za a yi zuwa "mango-gw" dole ne a kafa a baya.
hanyar ƙara ipx4 sl0
Ƙara hanya zuwa "ipx4" Mai watsa shiri ta hanyar SLIP neman karamin aiki (zaton cewa "ipx4" ita ce rundunar rundunar SLIP).
hanyar ƙara -net 192.57.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw ipx4
Wannan umarni yana ƙara sautin "192.57.66.x" da za a sanya shi ta hanyar tsohon hanyar zuwa ga SLIP.
hanya ƙara -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0
Wannan wani abu ne mai ban mamaki wanda aka rubuta don haka mutane su san yadda za a yi. Wannan ya sanya dukkan hanyoyin D (multicast) na IP don tafiya ta hanyar "eth0". Wannan shi ne daidaitattun daidaituwa ta al'ada tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
hanyar ƙara -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 ƙin yarda
Wannan yana shigar da hanya mai ƙin yarda ga cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta "10.xxx"
KARANTA
Ana fitar da fitarwa daga kwamfutar keɓaɓɓun kayan aiki a cikin ginshiƙai masu zuwa
Hanya
Cibiyar sadarwar ko masauki.
Ƙofar waje
Adireshin ƙofa ko '*' idan babu wanda aka saita.
Genmask
Rukunin yanar gizon yanar gizon da ake amfani da ita; '255.255.255.255' don makiyaya mai amfani da '0.0.0.0' don hanya ta hanya.
Flags
Falolin da suka iya yiwuwa sun haɗa
U (hanya yana sama )
H (manufa ne mai masauki )
G (amfani da ƙofa )
R ( sake dawowa hanya don turawa mai tsauri)
D (wanda aka shigar da shi ta hanyar daemon ko turawa)
M ( gyare-gyare daga kwance daemon ko turawa)
A (shigar da addrconf )
C (shigarwa cache )
! ( ƙaryar hanya)
Matakan
A 'nesa' zuwa manufa (yawanci ana kidaya a hops). Ba a yi amfani dashi ba da kernels kwanan nan, amma ana iya buƙatar ta hanyar kwashe daemons.
Ref
Yawan alamomin wannan hanya. (Ba a yi amfani dashi a cikin kudan zuma ba.)
Amfani
Ƙididdigar bincike don hanya. Dangane da yin amfani da -F da C - wannan zai zama kuskuren cache (-F) ko hits (-C).
Iface
Tsarin kallon abin da za'a ajiye zuwa ga wannan hanya.
MSS
Matsakaicin matsakaicin iyakar girman kai don haɗin TCP akan wannan hanya.
Window
Sakamakon girman girman matakan TCP akan wannan hanya.
irtt
Farawa na RTT (Zagaye Tafiya). Kernel yana amfani da wannan don yin la'akari da mafi kyau tsarin siginar TCP ba tare da jira a kan (yiwu ba).
HH (aka ajiye kawai)
Adadin shigarwa na ARP da hanyoyi da aka gano waɗanda ke nuna zuwa ga cajin mashigar kayan masarufi don hanya. Wannan zai zama -1 idan ba'a buƙatar adireshin injuna don ƙirar hanya ta hanya (misali lo).
Arp (cached kawai)
Ko ko dai adireshin injuna don hanyar da aka ɓoye shi ne kwanan wata.
Bincika ALSO
idanconfig (8), arp (8),
Muhimmin: Yi amfani da umurnin mutum ( % mutum ) don ganin yadda aka yi amfani da umarnin akan kwamfutarka.