Ga abin da CPU bugs da flaws ne da abin da za ka iya yi game da su
Matsalar da CPU , "kwakwalwa" na kwamfutarka ko wasu na'urorin, ana iya yawanta su ne a matsayin tsutsa ko ɓangare. A cikin wannan mahallin, CPU bugu na CPU wani batun ne da za a iya gyarawa ko aiki tare ba tare da amfani da sauran tsarin ba, yayin da kuskuren CPU wata muhimmiyar fitowar ce ta buƙatar canje-canjen tsarin tsarin.
Batutuwa kamar waɗannan tare da CPUs yakan faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a lokacin zane ko samar da guntu. Dangane da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa ta CPU / m, sakamakon zai iya zama wani abu daga rashin talauci don kare lafiyayye masu nauyin nau'i.
Daidaita kuskuren CPU ko bug ya shafi ko dai reworking yadda software na na'urar ke aiki tare da CPU, wanda aka saba yi ta hanyar sabunta software, ko maye gurbin CPU tare da wanda ba shi da batun. Ko an maye gurbin shi ko aiki a kusa da sabuntawar software yana dogara ne akan ƙananan ƙwayar matsalar CPU.
Gyara & Amfani; Specter Flaws
An samo asali na farko da aka samar wa jama'a ta hanyar Google Project Zero a 2018, da kuma Cyberes Technology da Graz University of Technology. An bayyana Specter wannan shekara ta Rambus, Google Project Zero, da kuma masu bincike a jami'o'i da yawa.
Mai sarrafawa yana amfani da abin da ake kira "yanke hukuncin kisa" don yin la'akari da abin da za'a buƙaci ya yi gaba domin ya adana lokaci. Lokacin da yake yin haka, yana janye bayani daga RAM , kwamfutarka ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar na'ura, don tattara cikakkun bayanai game da abin da ke gudana a halin yanzu da kuma abin da yake buƙatar yi gaba da aiwatar da wani mataki na musamman bisa ga wannan sabon bayanin.
Matsalar ita ce, lokacin da mai sarrafawa ya shirya ayyukansa da kuma saitunan abin da zai yi gaba, wannan bayanin zai iya fallasa kuma "fita a bude" don software mara kyau ko shafukan yanar gizo don ɗauka da kuma karanta su.
Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwayar cuta a kwamfutarka ko shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo na iya, yiwuwar, samun damar samun bayanai daga CPU don ganin abin da ya tattara daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda zai iya zama wani abu da aka buɗe yanzu kuma ana amfani dashi a kan na'urar, ciki har da bayanan bayani kamar kalmomin shiga , hotuna, da kuma biyan kuɗi.
Wadannan raunin CPU sun shafi nau'in na'urorin da suke gudana a kan Intel, AMD, da sauran masu sarrafawa, kuma suna fuskantar na'urorin kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutocin kwamfyuta, da kuma bayanan ajiya na layi da sauransu.
Saboda yadda zurfin haɓaka waɗannan lahani suna cikin na'urori masu tasiri, maye gurbin kayan aiki shine kawai mafitaccen bayani. Duk da haka, ajiye kwamfutarka da kuma tsarin aiki har yanzu suna iya samar da wani aiki mai dacewa, da sake fahimta yadda kwamfutarka ta samo CPU, ta yadda za a warware matsalolin.
A nan akwai wasu sabuntawa na ainihin da suka shafi Meltdown da Specter:
- Windows 10 an kori tare da sabunta KB4056892, wanda za'a iya shigarwa da hannu daga wannan haɗin amma an fi dacewa ta hanyar Windows Update .
- An fitar da sabuntawa na gaba don MacOS: Saliyo 10.13.2, Sabunta Tsaro 2018-001 ga Sali, da Tsaron Tsaro 2018-001 na El Capitan.
- Kwamfutar na'urorin Android da suke gudana a matakin matakin tsaro na 2018-01-05 kuma daga bisani ana kiyaye su.
- Ana amfani da na'urorin Apple iOS tare da iOS 11.2.2 don "rage tasirin Specter" a cikin shafin yanar gizon Safari.
- Ana kare masu bincike na Firefox akan akalla version 57.0.4 ana kiyaye su. Dubi Ta yaya zan sabunta Firefox? idan kana buƙatar taimako.
- Safari 11.0.2 aka saki don MacOS Sierra da OS X El Capitan.
Tip: Ko da yaushe tabbatar cewa kana amfani da sabuntawa ga tsarin aiki da software kamar yadda suke samuwa! Wannan yana nufin ba sa da sanarwar a kan kwamfutarka ko wayan komai da kuma yin mafi kyau don kiyaye shirye-shirye na software ɗinka wanda aka sabunta kamar yadda sabon sigogi da sabuntawa suka saki.
Pentium FDIV Bug
Wannan kwalejin CPU ta Kimiyya ta Farfesa Lynchburg Thomas Nicely a 1994, wanda ya fara bayyana a cikin imel.
Fitilar Pentium FDIV ta shafi Intel Pentium kwakwalwan kwamfuta kawai, musamman a cikin wani yanki na CPU da ake kira "maɓallin motsa jiki," wanda shine ɓangare na mai sarrafawa wanda ke aiki ayyuka na lissafi kamar ƙarawa, raguwa, da ƙaddamarwa, kodayake wannan bug yana shafi rabo kawai aiki.
Wannan bugu na CPU zai ba da sakamako mara kyau a cikin aikace-aikace da ke ƙayyade adadi, kamar masu ƙididdigewa da kuma ɓangaren littattafai. Dalilin wannan kuskure shine kuskuren shiryawa inda an cire wasu matakan binciken math, kuma duk wani lissafi da ake bukata samun dama ga waɗannan tebur ba daidai ba ne kamar yadda suka kasance.
Duk da haka, an kiyasta cewa bugu na Pentium FDIV zai ba da sakamako mara kyau a cikin 1 daga kowane nau'i na bambam biliyan 9, kuma za'a iya ganinsa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ko yawan gaske, sau da yawa a cikin 9th ko 10th digit.
Wannan ya ce, akwai rikice-rikice marar warwarewa game da sau da yawa wannan kwaro zai zama matsala, tare da Intel cewa yana faruwa ne kawai ga mai amfani a kowane lokaci kowace shekara 27,000 , yayin da IBM ya ce zai faru sau da yawa a kowace rana 24.
An saki wasu alamomi don yin aiki a cikin wannan kwaro:
- Sakamakon Microsoft ya samo asali ga Windows OS da Microsoft Excel. Wadannan fayilolin suna mai suna WW1140.EXE da WE1136.EXE , da biyo baya, kuma za'a iya sauke su daga wannan shafin yanar gizon Shafin Yanar gizo na Microsoft.
- Wolfram ya fitar da wannan matsala don tsarin lissafin ilimin lissafi.
A watan Disamban 1994, Intel ta sanar da tsarin maye gurbin rayuwa don maye gurbin dukkan masu sarrafawa wanda bugu ya shafa. CPUs da aka fitar daga baya ba su taɓa shafar wannan tsutsa ba, don haka na'urorin da ke amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa Intel wanda aka halicce bayan 1994 ba su da tasiri game da wannan matsala ta matsala.