Fayil na Fayil na FTP (FTP) ba ka damar canza fayilolin fayiloli tsakanin kwakwalwa guda biyu ta yin amfani da yarjejeniyar sadarwa mai sauƙi bisa tushen Intanet . FTP shi ma kalmar da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin da yake magana akan tsarin kwashe fayiloli ta amfani da fasahar FTP.
Tarihi da Ta yaya FTP Works
An kafa FTP a shekarun 1970s da 1980 don tallafawa rabawa a kan tashoshin TCP / IP da kuma tsofaffi. Yarjejeniyar ta bi tsarin sadarwar abokin ciniki-uwar garken . Don canja wurin fayiloli tare da FTP, mai amfani yana gudanar da shirin FTP abokin ciniki kuma ya fara haɗin haɗi zuwa kwamfuta mai nisa wanda ke tafiyar da software na FTP. Bayan an kafa haɗuwa, abokin ciniki zai iya zaɓar aikawa da / ko karɓar takardun fayiloli, ɗayan ko a kungiyoyi.
Asalin FTP abokan ciniki sun kasance shirye-shirye na layin umarni na Unix tsarin aiki; Masu amfani da Unix sun fara shirin 'ftp' don yin haɗi zuwa saitunan FTP sannan kuma suna sauke ko sauke fayiloli. An tsara bambancin FTP da ake kira Fayil ɗin Sauya Fayil din Fayil (TFTP) don tallafawa tsarin kwamfutar ƙananan ƙananan. TFTP yana bada goyon baya na asali kamar FTP amma tare da yarjejeniyar da aka sauƙaƙe da kuma sanya umarnin da aka iyakance zuwa ayyukan da aka fi dacewa na canja wurin fayil. A karshe, software na Windows FTP ya zama sananne kamar yadda masu amfani da Microsoft Windows sun fi so su sami tashoshin hotuna zuwa tsarin FTP.
An FTP uwar garke yana sauraren TCP tashar jiragen ruwa 21 don mai shiga dangane buƙatun daga FTP abokan ciniki. Sakon yana amfani da wannan tashar jiragen ruwa don sarrafa haɗin kuma ya buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa daban don canja wurin bayanan fayil.
Yadda ake amfani da FTP don Fassara Fayil
Don haɗi zuwa uwar garken FTP, abokin ciniki yana buƙatar sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri kamar yadda mai gudanarwa na uwar garken ya kafa. Mutane da yawa da ake kira FTP na jama'a ba su buƙatar kalmar sirri amma a maimakon haka suna bin wani taron na musamman wanda ya yarda da kowane abokin ciniki ta amfani da "maras amfani" a matsayin sunan mai amfani. Ga kowane shafin yanar gizon FTP ko masu zaman kansu, abokan ciniki suna gano FTP ta hanyar adireshin IP (kamar 192.168.0.1) ko ta sunan mai masauki (kamar ftp.about.com).
Ƙananan FTP abokan ciniki sun haɗa da mafi yawan tsarin aiki , amma mafi yawan waɗannan abokan ciniki (kamar FTP.EXE a kan Windows) suna tallafawa ƙirar layi mara kyau. Mutane da dama masu yin amfani da FTP abokan ciniki na uku sun samo asali ne da keɓaɓɓiyar mai amfani da na'urorin mai amfani (GIG) da kuma ƙarin fasali.
FTP tana goyan bayan hanyoyi biyu na canja wurin bayanai: rubutu mai rubutu (ASCII), kuma binary. Ka saita yanayin a cikin abokin ciniki na FTP. Kuskuren kowa lokacin amfani da FTP yana ƙoƙarin canja wurin fayilolin binary (kamar shirin ko fayil na kiɗa) yayin da a cikin yanayin rubutu, haifar da fayil ɗin canjawa ya zama marar amfani.
Alternatives zuwa FTP
Kwararrun fayiloli na ɓangaren ɗan adam (P2P) kamar BitTorrent yana samar da samfurori da suka dace da ƙaddamarwar fayil fiye da kayan fasahar FTP. Wadannan dabarun rabawa na yau da kullum kamar akwatin da Dropbox sun kawar da buƙatar FTP a Intanet.