Mene ne tsarin Kwamfuta na Kwamfuta?
Kwamfuta suna amfani da software mai ƙananan da ake kira tsarin aiki (O / S) don taimakawa mutane su yi aiki da inji na jiki. An O / S yana taimakawa aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen (mai suna "shirye-shirye") da kuma gina sabon shirye-shirye. Shirin tsarin sarrafawa ba wai kawai a kwamfutar kwakwalwa ba amma har ma a kan wayoyin salula, hanyoyin sadarwa da sauran na'urorin da aka kira.
Siffofin sarrafawa
Daruruwan tsarin aiki na kwamfutar kwamfuta sun bunkasa a cikin shekaru masu yawa daga hukumomi, jami'o'i, da kuma masu ba da ilmi. Tsarin tsarin aiki mafi sanannun shine wadanda aka samo akan kwakwalwa na sirri:
- Microsoft Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux
An tsara wasu tsarin aiki don wasu nau'ikan kayan aiki, kamar su
- Apple iOS da Google Android (wani bambancin Linux) - don wayoyin salula
- Solaris, HP-UX, DG-UX, da sauran bambance-bambancen Unix - don kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa
- DEC VMS (Tsararren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya) - don kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa
Sauran tsarin aiki suna jin dadi amma suna da sha'awa a tarihi yanzu:
- Novell Netware ya kasance mai daraja O / S don PCs a shekarun 1990
- IBM OS / 2 shi ne farkon PC O / S wanda ya yi nasara tare da Microsoft Windows na dan lokaci amma yayi iyakacin nasara a kasuwar mai sayarwa
- Hanyoyi masu yawa sune tsarin tsarin aiki na musamman wanda aka kirkiro don mainframes a shekarun 1960, wanda hakan ya rinjayi Unix
Gudanar da Ayyuka
Wani zamani na O / S yana ƙunshe da software da aka gina don sauƙaƙe sadarwar komfuta. Misali na A / S yana haɗa da aiwatar da ma'auni na TCP / IP da kuma kayan aikin mai amfani kamar ping da traceroute. Wannan ya haɗa da direbobi masu amfani da na'ura da wasu software don taimakawa ta hanyar sadarwa na Ethernet ta atomatik. Hakanan na'urorin haɗi na yau da kullum suna samar da shirye-shiryen da ake buƙata don taimakawa Wi-Fi , Bluetooth , ko sauran haɗin kai mara waya.
Sassan farko na Microsoft Windows bai samar da wani tallafi don sadarwar kwamfuta ba . Microsoft ya kara haɓaka hanyar sadarwa na intanet a cikin tsarin aiki wanda ya fara tare da Windows 95 da Windows don Ƙungiyoyi . Microsoft kuma ta gabatar da fasalin Sharing (ICS) ta Intanet a cikin Windows 98 na Biyu Edition (Win98 SE), Windows HomeGroup don sadarwar gida a Windows 7, da sauransu. Ya bambanta da Unix, wanda aka tsara tun daga farkon tare da sadarwar a view. Kusan kowane mai amfani O / S a yau ya cancanta a matsayin tsarin aiki na cibiyar sadarwa saboda kwarewar yanar gizo da sadarwar gida.
Gudanarwar Ayyuka
Tsarin da ake kira tsarin da aka kira shi yana goyon bayan wani tsari ko ƙayyadaddden tsari na software. Saitunan da aka haɗa su kamar masu ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, alal misali, yawanci sun haɗa da uwar garken Yanar gizo, DHCP uwar garken, da kuma wasu kayan aiki amma basu yarda da shigarwa da sababbin shirye-shiryen ba. Misalan tsarin sarrafawa don hanyoyin da aka haɗa sun hada da:
- Cisco IOS (Aikace-aikacen Ayyukan Intanet)
- DD-WRT
- Juniper Junos
Za a iya samo OS wanda aka saka a cikin ƙananan kayan na'urorin haɗi ciki har da wayoyin (iPhone OS), PDAs (Windows CE), da kuma 'yan jarida na dijital (ipodlinux).