Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Aikace-aikacen (API) tana ba masu shirye-shiryen kwamfuta damar samun damar aiki da kayan aikin software da aka buga. Wani API ya bayyana fasalin bayanai da kuma kira na subroutine wanda za a iya amfani da su don mika aikace-aikace na yanzu tare da sababbin fasali, da kuma gina dukkanin sababbin aikace-aikacen a kan sauran software da aka gyara. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan API suna tallafawa shirin shirye-shirye na cibiyar sadarwa .
Shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa shine irin ci gaba na software don aikace-aikacen da ke haɗawa da sadarwa kan hanyoyin sadarwa ta kwamfuta tare da Intanet. Gudanar da APIs suna samar da matakan shigarwa zuwa ladabi da kuma ɗakin karatu masu amfani. Gudanar da APIs na goyi bayan masu bincike na Yanar gizo, bayanan yanar gizo, da kuma aikace-aikacen hannu da yawa. An tallafa su a yalwace yawan harsunan shirye-shirye daban daban da tsarin aiki.
Socket Programming
Traditional cibiyar sadarwa shirin biye da abokin ciniki-server model. An fara amfani da APIs na farko don sadarwar abokin ciniki-uwar garke a ɗakunan ɗakunan da aka gina cikin tsarin aiki. Sassan Berkeley da kuma Windows Sockets (Winsock) APIs sune ka'idoji guda biyu na tsarin shirye-shiryen sauti na shekaru masu yawa.
Kira Tsarin Farko
RPC APIs suna ba da damar yin amfani da fasaha ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar ƙara da damar aikace-aikacen da za su kira ayyuka akan na'urori masu nisa maimakon kawai aika saƙonni zuwa gare su. Tare da fashewawar ci gaba a yanar gizo (WWW) , XML-RPC ya fito ne a matsayin hanyar da ta fi dacewa ga RPC.
Hanyar Sadarwa mai sauƙi (SOAP)
An kafa SOAP a ƙarshen 1990s a matsayin yarjejeniyar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da XML a matsayin tsarin sakonni da Saitattun Bayanin HyperText (HTTP) a matsayin sufuri. SOAP ta haifar da wani mai biyan bayanan masu ba da sabis na yanar gizo kuma ya zama amfani dashi don aikace-aikace na kasuwancin.
Sauyewar Gwamnati na Nuna (REST)
REST wani samfurin tsari ne wanda ke goyan bayan ayyukan yanar gizon da suka zo nan a kwanan nan. Kamar SOAP, API na REST na amfani da HTTP, amma a maimakon XML, aikace-aikacen REST suna zabar amfani da Javascript Object Object (JSON) maimakon. REST da SOAP sun bambanta ƙwarai da gaske a hanyoyin da suke fuskanta don gudanar da harkokin tsaro da tsaro, dukansu mahimman bayanai ga masu shirye-shirye na cibiyar sadarwa. Lissafi na hannu zasu iya ko bazai iya amfani da APIs na cibiyar sadarwa ba, amma waɗanda suke amfani da REST sau da yawa.
Future na APIs
Dukansu SOAP da REST suna ci gaba da yin amfani dasu don ci gaban sababbin ayyukan yanar gizon. Yin amfani da fasahar zamani fiye da SOAP, REST zai iya samuwa da kuma samar da wasu ci gaban API.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa sun kuma samo asali don tallafawa sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa ta API. A cikin zamani tsarin aiki kamar Windows 10, alal misali, sassan suna ci gaba da kasancewa babban API, tare da HTTP da wasu ƙarin goyon baya da aka lakafta a saman tsarin shirye-shirye na RESTful style.
Kamar yadda sau da yawa a cikin filayen kwamfuta, fasahohin sababbin fasaha sun saba da sauri fiye da tsofaffin tsofaffi. Binciken sabon API abubuwan da zasu faru musamman ma a cikin wuraren bincike na cloud da Intanet na Abubuwan (IoT) , inda halaye na na'urori da samfurorinsu ya bambanta da yanayin dabarun tsarin sadarwa na al'ada.