Gabatarwa ga software da cibiyoyin sadarwa
Cibiyar sadarwa na P2P ta haifar da babbar sha'awa a duk duniya tare da masu amfani da Intanet da masu sana'a na kwamfuta. P2P software tsarin kamar Kazaa da Napster daraja daga cikin mafi mashahuri software software har abada. Kasuwancin da yawa da shafukan intanet sun bunkasa fasaha na "kwarewa" a matsayin makomar sadarwar yanar gizo.
Kodayake sun wanzu har tsawon shekaru masu yawa, fasaha P2P yayi alkawarin canza canje-canjen sadarwar.
P2P fayil ɗin raba fayiloli ya kuma haifar da rikici da yawa game da bin doka da kuma amfani da kyau. Gaba ɗaya, masana basu yarda da cikakken bayani game da P2P ba kuma yadda za su faru a nan gaba.
Harkokin Kasuwanci na Harkokin Kasuwanci
Hanya ta P2P ta al'ada ta dace ne ga takwarorina . Webopedia ya bayyana P2P a matsayin:
Wani irin hanyar sadarwar da kowanne ɗawainiya ke da nau'ikan aiki da alhaki. Wannan ya bambanta da tsarin tsarin abokin ciniki / uwar garke, wanda wasu kwakwalwa suka keɓe don bauta wa wasu.
Wannan fassarar tana amfani da ma'anar ma'anar sadarwar abokin hulɗa. Kwamfuta a cikin hanyar sadarwar ƙwararrun mutane sun kasance kusan kusa da juna kuma suna gudanar da saitunan sadarwar da kuma software. Kafin sadarwar gida ta zama sanannun, ƙananan kananan kamfanoni da makarantu sun gina ɗakunan daji.
Gidan cibiyar sadarwa na gida
Yawancin cibiyoyin kwamfuta na gida a yau sune cibiyoyin sadarwa.
Masu amfani na gida suna saita kwakwalwarsu a cikin kamfanonin aiki na ƙira don ba da izinin raba fayiloli , masu bugawa da wasu albarkatun daidai a cikin dukkan na'urorin. Kodayake kwamfutar daya iya aiki a matsayin uwar garke ko uwar garke Fax a kowane lokaci, wasu kwakwalwa na gida suna da damar da za su iya ɗaukar waɗannan nauyin.
Dukkan hanyoyin sadarwar gidan waya da kuma mara waya ba su cancanci matsayin yan uwan-pe-peers. Wasu na iya jayayya cewa shigar da na'ura mai ba da hanya ta hanyar sadarwa ko na'ura mai mahimmanci irin wannan yana nufin cewa cibiyar sadarwa ba ta da ƙwaƙwalwa. Tun daga hanyar sadarwa, wannan ba daidai ba ce. Mai sauro mai sauƙi ya shiga cibiyar sadarwar gidan yanar gizo ; ba ta kanta canja yadda albarkatun cikin cibiyar sadarwa suke raba su ba.
P2P Fayil na Tattauna Ƙungiyoyi
Lokacin da yawancin mutane ke jin lokacin P2P, suna ganin ba al'amuran ƙwararrun ƙwararru ba ne, amma ƙwararren fayiloli a kan yanar gizo . Fassara fayilolin fayilolin P2P sun zama ɗayan shafukan yanar-gizon da suka fi shahara a cikin wannan shekara.
Cibiyar P2P tana aiwatar da bincike da sauye-sauye bayanan bayanai a sama da Intanet ɗin Intanet (IP) . Don samun dama ga cibiyar sadarwa na P2P, masu amfani kawai saukewa da shigar da aikace-aikace na P2P mai dacewa.
Nasarar P2P da P2P aikace-aikacen software sun kasance. Wasu aikace-aikacen P2P suna aiki ne kawai tare da cibiyar sadarwa P2P, yayin da wasu ke aiki ta hanyar giciye. Hakazalika, wasu tashoshin P2P suna goyon bayan aikace-aikacen daya, yayin da wasu suna tallafawa aikace-aikace masu yawa.
Mene ne P2P aikace-aikace na Software?
Kyakkyawan fassarar P2P software aka samar da Dave Winer na UserLand Software shekaru da yawa da suka gabata lokacin da P2P ya fara zama al'ada. Dave ya nuna cewa P2P software aikace-aikace sun hada da waɗannan bakwai key halaye:
- Ƙaƙwalwar mai amfani yana fita daga wani shafin yanar gizo
- kwakwalwa a cikin tsarin na iya aiki kamar yadda abokan ciniki da sabobin
- software yana da sauƙi don amfani da haɗakarwa sosai
- aikace-aikacen ya haɗa da kayan aiki don tallafa wa masu amfani da suke son ƙirƙirar abun ciki ko ƙara aiki
- aikace-aikace na yin haɗi tare da wasu masu amfani
- aikace-aikace na yin wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki
- software na goyan bayan ka'idojin "giciye-hanyar sadarwa" kamar SOAP ko XML-RPC
A cikin wannan ra'ayi na zamani game da ƙwararrun ƙwararru, ƙwayoyin P2P suna shimfiɗa a duk faɗin Intanet, ba kawai cibiyar sadarwa ta gida ba (LAN) . Aikace-aikacen software na P2P mai sauki don ƙyale dukkan geeks da mutane marasa fasaha su shiga.
Kazaa, Napster da kuma ƙarin P2P Software aikace-aikacen kwamfuta
Asali na tsarin musayar fayiloli na MP3, Napster ya zama mafi kyawun kayan software na Intanit a cikin dare. Napster ya kwatanta sabuwar tsarin "zamani" P2P da aka tsara a sama: mai sauƙi mai amfani da ke aiki a waje na mai bincike wanda yake goyon bayan fayilolin fayil da kuma saukewa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Napster ya ba da ɗakin shakatawa don haɗuwa da miliyoyin masu amfani da shi kuma ya yi sabon aiki mai ban sha'awa (a matsayin "mai kawo rigima").
Sunan Napster ya koma biyu zuwa cibiyar sadarwa na P2P da abokin ciniki na raba fayil wanda ke goyan baya. Bayan an iyakance shi a farkon zuwa aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki guda ɗaya, Napster yayi amfani da yarjejeniyar hanyar sadarwa na intanet, amma waɗannan bayanan fasaha ba su da tasirin tasirinsa.
Lokacin da aka dakatar da sabis na Napster na asali ba tare da izini ba, yawancin tsarin P2P ya yi nasara don wannan sauraron.
Mafi yawan masu amfani da Napster sun yi gudun hijira zuwa aikace-aikacen software na Kazaa da Kazaa Lite da kuma SadTrack cibiyar sadarwa. FastTrack ya girma ya zama ya fi girma fiye da asusun na Napster na ainihi.
Kazaa ya sha wahala daga matsalolin da ya shafi shari'a, amma sauran tsarin, kamar eDonkey / Overnet , sun ci gaba da samun kyautar software na raba fayilolin P2P kyauta.
Popular P2P Aikace-aikacen kwamfuta da Networks
Babu wani aikace-aikacen P2P ko cibiyar sadarwar da ke da fifiko a kan Intanit a yau. Cibiyoyin P2P masu kyau sun hada da:
- eDonkey
- BitTorrent
- Gnutella
kuma shahararren aikace-aikacen P2P sun haɗa da
- eMule
- BitTorrent
- Limewire
Yawancin kasuwanni sunyi wahayi zuwa ga nasarar P2P aikace-aikace kuma suna da ƙarfin tunani akan yiwuwar samun sabon shirin P2P. Duk da haka, wasu a cikin cibiyar sadarwa suna ganin cewa nasarar Napster, Kazaa da sauran aikace-aikacen P2P ba su da kaɗan da fasaha da kuma karin abubuwan da zasu yi tare da fashi. Ya rage don tabbatar da cewa kasuwar P2P na kasuwa na iya fassarawa cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci.
Takaitaccen
Harshen "P2P" ya zama lokaci na gida. Kalmar tana nufin haɗuwa da abubuwa: aikace-aikace na kwamfuta, fasaha na cibiyar sadarwar, da kuma ka'idojin raba fayil.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, sa ran cewa P2P zai ci gaba da ci gaba.
Cibiyar sadarwar za ta gabatar da wani nau'i na aikace-aikace na ƙwararrun mutane da ya kamata ya yi gasa da hankali tare da kayan gargajiya da kuma tsarin tsarin abokin ciniki / uwar garke. Tsarin yarjejeniyar P2P za a karɓa zuwa mafi girma. A ƙarshe, ƙaddamar da rabaccen bayanin P2P kyauta game da haƙƙin mallakan haƙƙin mallaka da ka'idoji na fasaha zai sannu a hankali za a warware ta hanyar yin muhawarar jama'a.