(Yana da halayyar launin toka a mafi kyau)
Yin musayar kiɗa a kan layi: wasu masu kiɗa sun ƙi shi, wasu masu kiɗa suna son shi. Kusan doka ne a Amurka. An ba da karfi a Kanada. Kuma miliyoyin mutane suna yin haka kowace rana, ko da kuwa.
Yana da ake kira & # 34; Ƙwararrun Abokan Hulɗa & # 34; (P2P)
Tana dogara ne akan hadin kai na dubban masu amfani da juna. P2P yayi aiki tare da ciwon mahalarta suyi aiki na musamman na ɓangaren fayil akan na'ura. Da zarar wannan P2P software yana cikin wuri, waɗannan masu amfani sun fara kasuwanci musika MP3 da AVI na waƙoƙin da suka fi so da fina-finai. Haɗin yana aiki ta kowane mai amfani da raɗaɗi kaɗan a lokaci guda. Babu caji, babu kudin ... yana da sauƙi kamar yadda ake yi na bincike na Google.
Wannan Fayil ɗin Fayil ɗin, wanda ake kira "lodawa da saukewa", shine ainihin cibiyar yanar gizon P2P Duk da yake fayiloli sun fi girma (daga 5 megabytes zuwa 5 gigabytes), software na P2P zai iya haɓakar hanyar haɗuwa ta haɗuwa da sauri. Ga miliyoyin mutane, yana yiwuwa a sauke ɗayan CD ɗin duka a cikin sa'a daya, da kuma dukkanin fim ɗin a karkashin 3 hours.
Ƙarƙidar kan P2P
Babban gardama yana kan haƙƙin mallaka da kuma kudi: wannan kiɗa da masu zane-zane suna ikirarin cewa basu biya bashi ba yayin da masu amfani ke raba fayiloli ba tare da izinin masu fasaha ba
A Kanada, an yanke hukunci game da cewa rabin shari'a ne ... Kanada kan iya sauke kiɗa, amma ba a shigar da ita ba, kuma hukumomin CRIA ba za a yarda su duba sunayen masu amfani da ISP ba P2P. A wasu sassa na duniya kamar Amurka, Birtaniya, Australia, da kuma Turai, masu yin rabawa zasu zartar da hukunci a cikin kotu, sau da yawa ga dubban dubban daloli. A cikin wasu matsalolin barazana, gwamnatocin Australia da Birtaniya sun kori wasu masu rabawa a cikin hukunce-hukunce. Duk da haka duk da irin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen kotun doka, miliyoyin mutane har yanzu suna cinikin kasuwanci a kowace rana.
Napster da Tarihin P2P
Napster Inc. an kirkiro shi ne a watan Mayu na 1999 da Shawn Fanning (wanda ya lashe lambar yabo na fasahar fasahar fasahar fim ta PC 2000) da kuma Sean Parker, co-kafa. Ayyukan da aka rarraba don rarraba miliyoyin kiɗa na kiɗa, wannan hanyar P2P ta hanyar "real-time" har ila yau an hada da ɗakunan hira da "saƙon nan take" da kuma aikin "hotlist" kuma an bayyana shi a kan Sauke Ƙarin Hotuna na Download.com .
Napster ya ci nasara sosai , fiye da mutane miliyan 70 sun shiga cikin al'umma. Har ma da ban mamaki: kimanin kashi 85 cikin 100 na dukan dalibai koleji a duniya sun kasance daga cikin rukuni, kuma sun gudanar da sauke bidiyon biliyan 2.79! Wannan saukewa na saukewa ya jawo hankali ga magungunan Mega-artists Metallica da Dokta Dre. Wadannan masu zane-zane biyu sunyi tsayayya da cinikayyar kiɗansu.
A watan Disamba na shekarar 1999, Kungiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Amirka (RIAA) ta kaddamar da karar da aka yi a kan Napster Inc., suna cajin shi tare da cin zarafi na haƙƙin mallaka (watau, taimakawa da kuma taimakawa wasu masu cin zarafi).
- Cary Sherman, babban jami'in mataimakin shugaban kasa da kuma babban sakataren RIAA, ya taƙaita aikin na Napster kamar yadda: "haɓaka fashin teku, da ƙoƙarin gina kasuwancin a kan bayin masu zane da masu mallakar mallaka".
- Metallica da Dokta Dre kuma sun kaddamar da hukunce-hukuncen mutum a kan Napster don kai hare-haren sau uku a kan ayyukanta.
A watan Fabrairun 2001, wani alkalin ya ce Napster ya dakatar da rarraba takardun haƙƙin mallaka ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Kamfanonin rikodin sun bada jerin sunayen fiye da 250,000 waƙa don sake cire cibiyar sadarwar Napster gaba daya. A cikin watan Yulin 2001, alkalin ya ce wa Napster dole ne ya keta dukkan fayiloli na cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka, ya tilasta shi ya rufe shi. Napster ya rabu da shi a watan Satumbar 2002, bayan sayar da shi ga Bertelsmann AG.
Napster an sake haifar da shi a cikin wata hanyar da ta fi dacewa da ita kamar "Napster 2.0", wanda yanzu shi ne rabuwa na Roxio, Inc. Napster 2.0 ya haɓaka shirye-shirye da yawa tare da manyan takardun rikodin. Muddin kuna son bayar da kuɗin ku] a] e na ku] a] en ku] a] e na $ 10 a kowace wata, za ku iya sauke waƙoƙi fiye da 500,000 daga dukan nau'ikan kiɗa a Napster 2.0. Abin takaici, Napster 2.0 yana samuwa ne kawai ga mazauna Amurka, kuma ba sa jin dadi sosai daga cikin shekarun 1999-2002.
P2P A yau
Wadannan ƙungiyoyi sun gudanar da shari'ar shari'a a wannan batu: BitTorrents , Limewire, Gnutella, OpenNap, KaZaA, Morpheus, WinMX, da FastTrack. Wadannan al'ummomin P2P suna fuskantar barazanar ƙaddarar laifuka, amma miliyoyin masu amfani suna amfani da aikinsu kullum.