Ƙididdigar bidiyo da kuma bytes a cikin sadarwar kwamfutarka suna nufin raƙuman daidaitattun bayanai na dijital da aka aika akan haɗin sadarwa. Akwai 8 ragowa ga kowane 1 byte.
Maganin "mega" a cikin megabit (Mb) da megabyte (MB) sun kasance hanya mafi mahimmanci don bayyana kudaden canja wurin bayanai saboda yana aiki da yawa tare da raguwa da kuma bytes cikin dubban. Alal misali, cibiyar sadarwar ku zai iya sauke bayanai a asarar miliyon 1 kowace rana, wanda aka fi dacewa a rubuce a matsayin 8 megabits da na biyu, ko ma 8 Mb / s.
Wasu ƙaddara suna haifar da raguwa zuwa lambobi masu yawa kamar 1,073,741,824, wanda yawancin kudaden suna cikin guda ɗaya (wanda shine 1,024 megabytes). Abin da yafi cewa terabytes, cin zarafin, da kuma kullun sun fi girma fiye da megabytes!
Yaya aka halicci Bits da Bytes
Kwamfuta suna amfani da raguwa (takaice don lambobin binary ) don wakiltar bayanan da ke cikin nau'i nau'i. Kwamfutar kwamfuta bitar darajar. Lokacin da aka wakilta a matsayin mai lamba, raguwa zai iya samun darajar ko dai 1 (ɗaya) ko 0 (zero).
Kwamfuta na yau da kullum suna samar da raguwa daga ƙananan lantarki da ƙananan lantarki da ke gudana ta hanyar na'urorin na'urar. Kwamfuta na cibiyar sadarwa na kirkirar da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar zuwa cikin wadanda suke da nauyin da za a tura su a cikin hanyar sadarwa, hanyar da ake kira coding .
Hanyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwar yanar gizo ta bambanta dangane da watsa matsakaici:
- Hanyoyin sadarwa na Ethernet suna ɗauke da raguwa ta amfani da ƙananan siginonin lantarki
- Wi-Fi yana ɗauke da raguwa ta amfani da siginar rediyo na bambancin ƙwararru
- Hanyoyin fiber suna amfani da hasken wuta don ɗaukar raguwa
A byte ne kawai wani gyara-tsawon jerin ragowa. Kwamfuta na yau da kullum sun tsara bayanai ta hanyar bytes don ƙara yawan aiki na aiki na kayan sadarwa, kwakwalwa, da ƙwaƙwalwa.
Misalan Bits da Bytes a Sadarwar Kwamfuta
Koda masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo za su haɗu da raguwa da kuma bytes a yanayi na al'ada. Yi la'akari da waɗannan misalai.
Adireshin IP a cikin layin Intanet na yanar gizo 4 (IPv4) sadarwar ta ƙunshi 32 bits (4 bytes). Adireshin 192.168.0.1 , alal misali, yana da dabi'u 192, 168, 0 da 1 ga kowane ɗayanta. Ƙididdigar da adreshin wannan adireshin suna ƙaddara kamar haka:
11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001Halin da aka yi amfani da bayanai ta hanyar haɗin cibiyar sadarwa na kwamfuta an danganta shi a raka'a na raguwar ta biyu (bps). Cibiyoyi na yau da kullum suna iya aikawa da miliyoyin miliyoyin rabi ta biyu , da ake kira megabits da na biyu (Mbps) da gigabits da na biyu (Gbps) , bi da bi.
- Gigabit Ethernet sadarwa an kiyasta don 1 Gbps
- Wayoyin sadarwa mara waya mara waya suna ba da gudunmawar haɓakaccen haɗin kai dangane da nau'in Wi-Fi. Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na yau da kullum sun hada da M4ps, 150 Mbps, da 600 Mbps
Saboda haka, idan kana sauke fayil na 10 MB (80 Mb) a cibiyar sadarwa wanda zai iya sauke bayanai a 54 Mbps (6.75 MBs), zaka iya amfani da bayanin yin bayani a ƙasa don gano cewa ana iya sauke fayil a cikin kawai a kan na biyu (80/54 = 1.48 ko 10 / 6.75 = 1.48).
Tip: Za ka iya ganin yadda sakonka zai iya saukewa da kuma adana bayanai tare da shafin gwaji na intanet .
Sabanin haka, na'urori na kwakwalwa na kwamfuta kamar igiyoyin USB da kuma matsalolin watsa bayanai cikin raka'a bytes ta biyu (Bps). Abu ne mai sauƙi don rikicewa biyu amma adadin ta biyu shine Bps, tare da babban birnin "B", yayin da raguwa ta biyu yana amfani da ƙananan "b".
Maɓallin tsaro mara waya kamar su na WPA2, WPA, da kuma tsohon WEP sune jerin jerin haruffa da lambobi yawanci ana rubuta a rubutun hexadecimal . Lambar Hexadecimal tana wakiltar kowane rukuni na rabi hudu a matsayin darajar ɗaya, ko dai wani lamba tsakanin sifili da tara, ko wasika tsakanin "A" da "F."
Maballin WPA suna kama da wannan:
12345678 9ABCDEF1 23456789 ABAdireshin cibiyar sadarwar IPv6 sun hada da yawan lambobin hexadecimal. Kowane adireshin IPv6 ya ƙunshi bidiyon 128 (16 bytes), kamar:
0: 0: 0: 0: 0: FFFF: C0A8: 0101Yadda zaka canza Bits da Bytes
Yana da sauƙi a canza maƙirar bit da byte da hannu idan kun san wadannan:
- 8 ragowa = 1 byte
- 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte
- 1,024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte
- 1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte
- 1,024 gigabytes = 1 tabyte
Alal misali, don maida 5 kilobytes a cikin ratsi, za ka yi amfani da ta biyu don samun kashi 5,120 bytes (1,024 X 5) sannan kuma na farko don samun rabi 40,960 (5,120 X 8).
Hanyar da ta fi sauƙi don samun waɗannan canji shine yin amfani da maƙirata kamar Bitcoder Bit. Zaka kuma iya kwatanta dabi'u ta shigar da tambayar zuwa Google.