Kowane Layer ya bayyana
Binciken Harkokin Kasuwanci (OSI)
Harkokin Binciken Bincike (OSI) ya bayyana tsarin sadarwar don aiwatar da ladabi a cikin layi, tare da iko ya wuce daga wannan Layer zuwa gaba. Ana amfani da shi yau a matsayin kayan aiki. Yana da ra'ayi na rarraba gine-gine cibiyar sadarwa a cikin layuka 7 a cikin ci gaba na mahimmanci. Ƙananan yadudduka suna hulɗa da siginonin lantarki, ƙuƙwalwar bayanai na binary , da kuma kwashe waɗannan bayanai a fadin cibiyoyin sadarwa. Matsakanin mafi girma suna buƙatar buƙatun cibiyar sadarwa da martani, wakilcin bayanan, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa kamar yadda aka gani daga ra'ayi na mai amfani.
An samo samfurin OSI a matsayin asalin gine-gine domin tsarin gina cibiyar sadarwa kuma hakika, fasahohin sadarwa na yau da kullum suna nuna alamar tsarin OSI.
01 na 07
Layer jiki
A Layer 1, Layer jiki na samfurin OSI yana da alhakin bayar da kwakwalwan bayanan dijital daga Layer jiki na aikawa (source) na'urar a kan hanyar sadarwar sadarwar sadarwa zuwa Layer jiki na na'urar mai karɓa (manufa). Misalan fasaha 1 na fasahar sun hada da igiyoyin Ethernet da cibiyar sadarwa na Token Ring . Bugu da ƙari, shafuka da sauran masu maimaita su ne nau'ikan na'urorin sadarwa na yau da kullum waɗanda suke aiki a Layer jiki, kamar yadda masu haɗin kebul.
A Layer jiki, ana amfani da bayanan ta hanyar amfani da irin alamar da ake tallafawa ta hanyar matsakaici: matakan lantarki, ƙananan rediyo, ko ɓaɓɓuka na infrared ko haske na yau da kullum.
02 na 07
Layer Rukunin Data
Lokacin samun bayanai daga Layer jiki, Rukunin Data Link yana dubawa don kurakuran watsa bayanai na jiki da kuma kunshe-kunshe da raguwa zuwa cikin bayanai "Frames". Shirin Lissafi na Data yana gudanar da tsarin magance jiki irin su adireshin MAC don cibiyoyin sadarwa na Ethernet, yana sarrafa damar yin amfani da na'urorin sadarwa daban-daban zuwa matsakaici na jiki. Saboda Layer Rukunin Data shine guda ɗaya mai rikitarwa a cikin tsarin OSI, sau da yawa an raba shi zuwa kashi biyu, maɓallin "Media Access Control" da kuma maɓallin "Lissafin Lissafi".
03 of 07
Layer cibiyar sadarwa
Ƙungiyar Network yana ƙara bidiyon ƙaddamarwa a sama da Layer Layer Data. Lokacin da bayanai suka zo a Layer cibiyar sadarwa, adireshin tushen da kuma adireshin da ke cikin kowane ɗayan suna nazari don sanin idan bayanan ya isa wurin karshe. Idan bayanan ya isa wurin karshe, wannan Layer 3 ta samar da bayanai zuwa cikin fakitin da aka ba da shi zuwa Layer Layer. In ba haka ba, Network Layer ya sabunta adireshin adireshin kuma yana tura ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasa zuwa ƙananan yadudduka.
Don tallafawa ƙaddamarwa, Layer Network yana kula da adiresoshin mahimmanci irin su adiresoshin IP ga na'urori akan cibiyar sadarwa. Har ila yau, Network Network yana kula da taswirar tsakanin waɗannan adireshin da adireshin ta jiki. A cikin sadarwar IP, wannan taswirar ya cika ta hanyar Adireshin Resolution Protocol (ARP) .
04 of 07
Layer sufuri
Rarraba Kasuwanci yana ba da bayanai a tsakanin haɗin sadarwa. TCP ita ce mafi yawan misali na yarjejeniyar cibiyar sadarwa ta Sanya . Sharuɗɗa na salo daban-daban na iya tallafawa kewayon zaɓuɓɓukan damar da suka dace ciki har da maida kuskure, sarrafawa mai gudana, da goyan baya don sake sakewa.
05 of 07
Layer Zama
Zaman Zama yana kula da jerin da kuma gudana daga abubuwan da suka fara da haɓaka haɗin sadarwa. A Layer 5, an gina shi don tallafawa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri waɗanda za'a iya ƙirƙirar haɓakawa da kuma sarrafawa a kan cibiyoyin sadarwa.
06 of 07
Layer gabatarwa
Shirin gabatarwa shine mafi sauki a cikin kowane irin tsarin OSI. A Layer 6, yana jawo aiwatar da haɗin rubutu na saƙo kamar yada fassarar tsarin da kuma boye-boye / bidiyon da ake bukata don tallafawa Layer Aikace-aikacen sama da shi.
07 of 07
Layer aikace-aikacen
Aikace-aikacen cibiyar sadarwar aikace-aikace na Layer aikace-aikace don aikace-aikacen mai amfani. Ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa suna yawan ladabi ne waɗanda suke aiki tare da bayanan mai amfani. Alal misali, a cikin aikace-aikacen yanar gizon yanar gizo, ka'idodin Aikace-aikacen Aikace-aikacen HTTP ya kunshi bayanai da ake buƙata don aikawa da karɓar abun cikin shafin yanar gizon. Wannan Layer 7 yana ba da bayanai ga (kuma ya karɓi bayanai daga) Layer gabatarwa.