Wannan jagorar zai nuna maka yadda za a lissafa na'urori, tafiyarwa, na'urorin PCI da na'urori na USB akan kwamfutarka. Don gano abin da kayan aiki ke samuwa za a nuna maka yadda za a nuna nau'in na'ura, sa'an nan kuma za a nuna maka yadda zaka nuna duk masu tafiyarwa.
Yi amfani da Dokokin Umurni
A cikin jagorar da ya gabata, Na nuna yadda za a ajiye na'urorin ta amfani da Linux . Yanzu zan nuna maka yadda za a lissafa na'urori masu hawa.
Daidaitaccen sauƙaƙe zaka iya amfani dashi kamar haka:
dutsen
Sakamako daga umurnin da aka sama yana da gaskiya kamar haka:
/ dev / sda4 on / type ext4 (rw, relatime, kurakurai = remount-ro, data = umurni)
Tsaro kan / sys / kernel / tsaro type securityfs (rw, nosuid, nodev, noexec, relat
ciki)
Akwai bayanai da dama da cewa ba shi da sauki a karanta.
Kuskuren wuya sukan fara tare da / dev / sda ko / dev / sdb don haka zaka iya amfani da umurnin grep don rage kayan aiki kamar haka:
dutsen | grep / dev / sd
Sakamakon wannan lokaci zai nuna irin wannan:
/ dev / sda4 on / type ext4 (rw, relatime, kurakurai = remount-ro, data = umurni)
/ dev / sda1 on / boot / efi type vfat (rw, relatime, fmask = 0077, dmask = 0077, codepage = 437, iocharset = iso8859-1, shortname = mixed, kurakurai = remount-ro)
Wannan ba ya lissafa kayan tafiyarku amma yana lissafin sautinku. Ba ya lissafa sassan da ba a saka ba tukuna.
Kayan na'urar / dev / sda yana tsaye ne akan drive mai wuya 1 kuma idan kana da kundin kwamfutarka ta biyu to za'a saka shi zuwa / dev / sdb.
Idan kana da SSD to wannan za a iya tsara wannan zuwa / dev / sda kuma kwamfutarka ta ɗebe zuwa / dev / sdb.
Kamar yadda kake gani kwamfutarka tana da simintin guda / dev / sda tare da sauti 2. Sashe na / dev / sda4 yana da tsarin fayilolin ext4 kuma shi ne inda aka sanya Ubuntu. A / dev / sda1 shine sashi na EFI da ake amfani dashi don farawa tsarin a farkon.
An kafa wannan kwamfutar zuwa taya biyu tare da Windows 10. Domin ganin sassan Windows, zan buƙatar hawa su.
Yi amfani da lsblk Don Lissafin Kayan Lissafi
Dutsen yana da kyau don ƙaddara na'urorin amma ba ya nuna duk kayan da kake da shi kuma fitarwa yana da gaske a cikin rubutu yana da wuya a karanta.
Hanyar mafi kyau da za a lissafa fitarwa a cikin Linux shine a yi amfani da lsblk kamar haka:
lsblk
Ana bayyana bayanin a cikin tsarin itace tare da bayanan da ke biyowa:
- Sunan
- Major Minor version number
- Yana iya cirewa
- Girma
- Shin yana da kyau
- Shin faifai ne ko bangare
- A ina aka sanya bangare
Nuni ya dubi irin wannan:
- sda - 8.0 - 0 - 931 GB - 0 - faifai
- sda1 - 8.1 - 0 - 500M - 0 - part - / boot / efi
- sda2 - 8.2 - 0 - 128M - 0 - part
- sda3 - 8.3 - 0 - 370.6 G - 0 - sashi
- sda4 - 8.4 - 0 - 554.4 G - 0 - part /
- sda5 - 8.5 - 0 - 5.9G - 0 - part - [SWAP]
- sr0 - 11: 0 - 1 - 1024M - 0 - rom
Bayanin ya fi sauki a karanta. Kuna iya ganin cewa ina da kundin da ake kira sda wanda yake da 931 gigabytes. SDA an raba shi zuwa kashi 5 ko kuma wanda aka sanya shi kuma na uku wanda aka sanya shi don swap.
Har ila yau, akwai kundin da ake kira sr0 wanda shine kundin DVD ɗin da aka gina.
Ta yaya To List PCI na'urorin
Ɗaya daga cikin abin da yake da muhimmanci a koyo game da Linux shi ne cewa idan kana so ka rubuta wani abu to akwai umarni wanda ya fara da haruffan "ls".
Kun rigaya ga cewa "lsblk" ya bada jerin sunayen abubuwan da aka cire kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don nuna yadda za'a kwashe kwakwalwa.
Ya kamata ku san cewa ana amfani da umarni na ls don samun lissafin rubutun.
Bayan haka, za ku yi amfani da umarni na lsusb don lissafin kebul na USB akan kwamfutar.
Hakanan zaka iya lissafin na'urori ta amfani da umurnin lsdev amma kuna buƙatar tabbatar da shigar da procinfo domin yin amfani da wannan umurnin.
Don lissafin kayan PCI suna amfani da umarnin lspci kamar haka:
lspci
Sakamako daga umurnin da aka sama ya sake mahimmanci verbose ma'ana zaku iya samun ƙarin bayani fiye da yadda kuka saya.
Ga ɗan gajeren hoto daga jerin na:
00: 02.0 VGA mai dacewa mai kulawa: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Gana
Mai kulawa (Rev 09)
00: 14.0 Mai kula da USB: Intel Corporation 7 Series / C210 Series Chipset Family US
B xHCI Mai Gudanar da Mai Gana (Rev 04)
Lissafin ya lissafa duk abin da masu kula da VGA zuwa USB, sauti, Bluetooth, masu kula da mara waya da kuma Ethernet.
Abin ban mamaki shine jerin laccoci na launi na la'akari da asali kuma idan kana so ƙarin bayani game da kowace na'ura zaka iya tafiyar da umurnin mai zuwa:
lspci -v
Bayanai na kowane na'ura ya dubi irin wannan:
02: 00.0 Mai sarrafa cibiyar: Qualcomm Atheros AR9485 Mara waya Network Adapter (rev 01)
Kayan tsari: Dell AR9485 Wurin Kayan Kayan Wuta Kayan Gida
Flags: bas mashahuri, azumi da sauri, latency 0, IRQ 17
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a c0500000 (64-bit, wanda ba prefetchable) [size = 512K]
Fadada ROM a c0580000 [nakasa] [size = 64K]
Abubuwan iyawa:
Kwanan direba ta amfani da shi: 'yar wasa
Kernel modules: athyk
Da fitarwa daga tsarin lspci -v shine ainihin mafi yawan abin iya karantawa kuma zaka iya ganin cewa ina da na'urar kyauta ta Qualcomm Atheros.
Kuna iya samun ƙarin ƙwarewar verbose ta amfani da umarnin da ke biyewa:
lspci -vv
Idan wannan bai isa ya gwada haka ba:
lspci -vvv
Kuma idan wannan bai isa ba. A'a, ina ƙuruci ne. Yana tsaya a nan.
Sashin mafi amfani na lspci banda jerin kayan na'ura shi ne kullin kernel da aka yi amfani dashi don na'urar. Idan na'urar ba ta aiki ba zai yiwu ya bincika ko akwai mafi direba mai samarda don na'urar.
Lissafi Na USB na'urorin Haɗa zuwa Kwamfuta
Don lissafin na'urori na USB don kwamfutarka amfani da umarnin da ke biyewa:
lsusb
Da fitarwa zai zama wani abu kamar haka:
Bus 002 Na'urar 002: ID 8087: 0024 Ƙungiyar Ƙirƙirar Ƙimar Kasuwanci ta Intel Corp
Bus 002 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 tushen hub
Bus 001 Na'ura 005: ID 0c45: 64ad Microdia
Bus 001 Na'urar 004: ID 0bda: 0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Mai Kula da Kayan Kwalolin Karatu
Bus 001 Na'ura 007: ID 0cf3: e004 Atheros Communications, Inc.
Bus 001 Na'urar 002: ID 8087: 0024 Hakan Kayan Haɗin Kayan Haɗin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci
Bus 001 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 tushen tushen
Bus 004 Na'ura 002: ID 0bc2: 231a Seagate RSS LLC
Bus 004 Na'urar 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 tushen hub
Bus 003 Na'urar 002: ID 054c: 05a8 Sony Corp.
Bus 003 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 tushen hub
Idan ka saka na'ura ta USB zuwa kwamfutar kamar dirar fitarwa ta waje sannan ka ci gaba da umarni na lsusb za ka ga na'urar ta bayyana a jerin.
Takaitaccen
Don taƙaita haka, hanya mafi kyau da za a lissafa wani abu daga cikin Linux shine tunawa da waɗannan umarni masu zuwa:
- ls - jerin fayiloli a tsarin fayil
- lsblk - lissafa abubuwan da ke cikin na'ura (watau tafiyarwa)
- lspci - lissafa na'urorin pci
- lsusb - lissafin na'urorin USB
- lsdev - lissafa duk na'urori