Game da Bayanan CIDR da Adireshin IP
CIDR kallon hoto ne na Classless Inter-Domain Routing. CIDR an haɓaka a cikin shekarun 1990s a matsayin tsari mai kyau don ƙaddamar da hanyoyin sadarwa a yanar gizo.
Me yasa Amfani CIDR?
Kafin a ci gaba da fasaha na CIDR, hanyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo suna gudanar da zirga-zirga na hanyar sadarwa bisa ga adireshin IP . A cikin wannan tsarin, adadin adireshin IP yana ƙayyade maɓallin ƙaddamarwa don manufar haɗi.
CIDR wata hanya ce ta musayar IP ta al'ada. Yana shirya adiresoshin IP a cikin ɗakunan sadarwar da ke da nasaba da muhimmancin adreshin kansu. An kuma san CIDR a matsayin mahimmanci, saboda yadda ya kamata ya ba da damar yin amfani da ƙananan rubutun don haɗawa da hanyar sadarwa.
Bayanin CIDR
CIDR ta ƙayyade adadin adireshin IP ta amfani da haɗin adireshin IP da kuma mashin cibiyar sadarwa ta haɗin. Hidimar CIDR tana amfani da tsari mai zuwa:
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
inda n shine yawan (leftmost) '1' raguwa a cikin mask. Misali:
- 192.168.12.0/23
ya shafi mask din cibiyar sadarwa 255.255.254.0 zuwa cibiyar sadarwa 192.168, farawa 192.168.12.0. Wannan sanarwa yana wakiltar adadin adireshin 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Idan aka kwatanta da sadarwar gargajiya ta al'ada, 192.168.12.0/23 yana wakiltar wani nau'i na nau'i biyu na C C 192.168.12.0 da 192.168.13.0 kowannensu yana da maskurin subnet na 255.255.255.0. A wasu kalmomi:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Bugu da ƙari, CIDR na goyan bayan adreshin intanet da sakonnin saƙo wanda ya dace da al'adun gargajiya na wani adireshin IP. Misali:
- 10.4.12.0/22
wakiltar adadin adireshin 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (mask na cibiyar sadarwa 255.255.252.0). Wannan ya sanya daidai da ƙungiyoyin C na C na cikin sarari mafi girma.
A wasu lokuta za ku lura da bayanin CIDR da aka yi amfani da shi har ma don cibiyoyin sadarwa na CIDR. A cikin CIDR IP ba tare da izini ba, duk da haka, ana ƙayyade darajar n ko 8 (Class A), 16 (Class B) ko 24 (Class C). Misalai:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0 / 16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Yadda CIDR ke aiki
Ƙaddamarwar CIDR na buƙatar wasu tallafi su kasance a cikin sakonnin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa. A lokacin da aka fara aiwatar da su akan intanet, za a sake sabunta ka'idodin hanyoyin sadarwa kamar BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) da OSPF (Open Short Path First) don tallafa wa CIDR. Shirye-shiryen ƙuntatawa ko ƙarancin ladabi na ƙila bazai goyi bayan CIDR ba.
Ƙungiyar CIDR tana buƙatar ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa da ke da alaƙa ta ƙunshe-a cikin adireshin adireshin. CIDR ba zai iya, misali, tara tara 192.168.12.0 da 192.168.15.0 cikin hanya ɗaya sai dai idan an haɗa matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici .13 da .14.
WANNAN WAN ko Waya korafi-wadanda ke sarrafa zirga-zirga tsakanin masu ba da sabis na Intanit - suna tallafawa CIDR kullum don cimma burin kare adreshin IP. Ma'aikatan mai amfani da mahimmanci ba su goyan bayan CIDR ba, sabili da haka cibiyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu ciki har da cibiyoyin gida da kuma ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa ( LANs ) ba sa amfani da shi.
CIDR da IPv6
IPv6 tana amfani da fasaha ta cajin CIDR da bayanin CIDR a daidai wannan hanyar IPv4. An tsara IPv6 domin cikakken magancewa.