IPv6 / IPng Magana
IPv6 wani sabon tsari ne da ingantacciyar yarjejeniyar IP . A cikin wannan labarin, za ku koyi abin da IP yake, abin da yake iyakance shi ne, kuma yadda wannan ya haifar da halittar IPv6. Akwai bayanin taƙaitaccen IPv6.
IP IP
IP (Intanet Yarjejeniyar Intanet) yana ɗaya daga cikin ladabi mafi muhimmanci ga cibiyoyin sadarwa, ciki har da Intanit. Yana da alhakin gano kowace na'ura a kan hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar adireshin musamman ( Adreshin IP ) da kuma zayyana buƙatun bayanai daga asalinsu zuwa ga makomarsu ta hanyar wannan magancewa. Sakon ainihin yarjejeniyar IP da aka yi amfani dashi shine IPv4 (IP version 4).
Ƙididdigar IPv4
Tsarin adireshin IP (IPv4) na yanzu shine lambobi hudu a tsakanin 0 da 255, kowanne ya rabu da wani dot. Misali shine 192.168.66.1; tun da yake kowane lambobi suna wakilci a cikin binary ta kalma 8-bit, adireshin IPv4 ya ƙunshi lambobin binaryi 32 (bits). Matsakaicin adadin da za ku iya yi tare da radiyo 32 shi ne biliyan 4.3 (2 zuwa sama 32).
Kowace na'ura a Intanit ya kamata a sami adireshin IP na musamman - babu na'urori guda biyu suna da wannan adireshin. Wannan yana nufin cewa Intanet zai iya ɗauka kawai injunan biliyan 4.3, wanda yake da yawa. Amma a farkon zamanin IP, saboda rashin hangen nesa da kuma wasu kamfanoni na kasuwanci, yawancin adiresoshin IP sun kasance suna raguwa. An sayar da su ga kamfanonin, wanda ke amfani da su. Ba za'a iya da'awar su ba. Sauran wasu an ƙayyade ga dalilai ba tare da amfani da jama'a ba, kamar bincike, amfani da fasaha da sauransu. Sauran adiresoshin suna raguwa kuma, idan akai la'akari da adadin kwakwalwa mai amfani, runduna da wasu na'urorin da aka haɗa a Intanet, za mu gudu daga adiresoshin IP!
Kara karantawa: Yanar gizo Intanet , IP Addresses , Packets , IP Routing
Shigar da IPv6
Wannan ya haifar da ci gaban wani sabon IP na IPv6 (IP version 6), wanda aka fi sani da IPng (IP sabon ƙarni). Za ku tambayi abin da ya faru da version 5. To, an ci gaba, amma ya kasance a yankin bincike. IPv6 shi ne version da ke shirye a ɗora shi a kan Intanet duka kuma kowane mutum (da kuma kowane halitta) zai karbi shi ta hanyar amfani da Intanet da hanyoyin sadarwa. IPv6 yana kawo sauƙi, yawanci a yawan injin da za a iya sanya shi a Intanet.
IPv6 Ya bayyana
Adireshin IPv6 yana kunshe da rabi 128, sabili da haka kyale yawan na'ura. Wannan daidai yake da darajar 2 da aka tashe zuwa ikon 128, lambar da kusan 40 baƙi.
Dole ne a yanzu kuyi tunani game da rashin jin daɗin adiresoshin tsinkaye. Anyi wannan magana - adireshin IPv6 yana da dokoki don matsawa su. Da farko, ana nuna lambobi a cikin hexadecimal maimakon lambobi marasa daidaituwa. Lambobi masu ƙidayar suna lambobi daga 0 zuwa 9. Lambobin Hexadecimal sakamakon sakamakon haɗin ragawa a 4, ba da waɗannan haruffa: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. An adireshin IPv6 ne daga waɗannan haruffa. Tun lokacin da aka rabu da raguwa a 4, adireshin IPv6 zai kunshi haruffa 32. Long, heh? To, ba haka ba ne mai tsanani, musamman tun da akwai ƙungiyoyi da suke taimakawa wajen rage adadin adireshin IPv6 ta rubutun haruffa na maimaitawa, alal misali.
Misali na adireshin IPv6 shine fe80 :: 240: d0ff: fe48: 4672 . Wannan yana da haruffa 19 kawai - akwai matsawa, wani abu da ya wuce iyakar wannan labarin. Lura cewa mai rabawa ya sauya daga dot zuwa mazauna.
IPv6 ba wai kawai warware matsala na taƙaitaccen adireshin ba, amma yana kawo wasu inganta zuwa yarjejeniyar IP, kamar autoconfiguration a kan hanyoyin da inganta tsaro, da sauransu.
Tsarin Daga IPv4 zuwa IPv6
Ranar da IPv4 ba za ta iya zama mai yiwuwa ba, kuma a yanzu cewa IPv6 yana kewaye da ita, babban kalubalantar shi ne yin sauyawa daga IPv4 zuwa IPv6. Ka yi tunanin sake sabunta bitumen na hanya a cikin zirga-zirga mai nauyi. Akwai tattaunawa da yawa, wallafe-wallafe da ayyukan bincike na faruwa kuma muna fata cewa lokacin da lokaci ya zo, sauyin mulki zai yi aiki da kyau.
Wane ne Yake Yayi Intanet?
Wannan tambaya ce mutane da yawa sun shuɗe, saboda an dauki duk abin da ba'a so ba. Wane ne ke tayar da ladabi kamar IPv6 kuma ta yaya ake gudanar da wadannan adireshin?
Kungiyar da ke jagorancin ci gaba da ladabi da sauran fasahohin Intanet ake kira IETF (Tashar Ayyukan Intanit na Intanet). Ya ƙunshi mambobin a dukan duniya da suke taruwa a tarurruka sau da yawa a shekara don tattauna fasaha, daga inda sababbin fasahohi ko sabuntawa suka tashi. Idan wata rana ka ƙirƙira sabuwar fasaha ta hanyar sadarwa, wannan shine wurin da za ka je.
Ƙungiyar da ke kula da rarraba da rarraba adiresoshin da sunayen (kamar sunayen yanki) akan Intanet ake kira ICANN.