Masks na Subnet da Subnetting
A subnet yana ba da izini ga hanyar sadarwa tsakanin rundunonin da za a rarraba bisa ga tsarin sadarwa. Ta hanyar shirya runduna a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci, ƙaddamarwa za ta iya inganta tsaro ta hanyar sadarwa da kuma aiki.
Masarragar Subnet
Wataƙila mafi yawan abin da za a iya ganewa shine ƙaddamarwa shi ne mashin subnet . Kamar adiresoshin IP , maskurin subnet yana ƙunshe da fourtes (32 ragowa) kuma an rubuta shi ta amfani da wannan sanarwa "ƙaddara-ƙaddara".
Alal misali, wani maskurin subnet mashafi na kowa a cikin wakilcin binary :
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
An nuna yawanci a daidai, nau'i mai ƙidayawa:
- 255.255.255.0
Neman Mashigin Subnet
Abubuwan da ke masaukin subnet ba su yi aiki kamar adireshin IP ba kuma basu wanzu da kansu ba. Maimakon haka, subnet masks suna bi da adireshin IP kuma dabi'u biyu suna aiki tare. Aiwatar da mashin subnet mask zuwa adireshin IP ya rushe adireshin a cikin sassa biyu, adireshin cibiyar sadarwa da adireshin mai masauki.
Don mask din subnet ya zama mai aiki, dole ne a saita raƙuman haɗakarsa zuwa '1'. Misali:
- 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Shin maskurin subnet mashafi saboda an saita bakar da aka bari zuwa '0'.
Sabanin haka, dole ne a saita raƙuman dama a cikin maskurin subnet mashafi a '0', ba '1' ba. Saboda haka:
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
Ba daidai ba ne.
Duk mashigin subnet mashafi sun ƙunshi sassa biyu: hagu na gefen hagu tare da kowane ɓangaren masoya da aka saita zuwa '1' (Ƙararren cibiyar sadarwa) da kuma gefen dama tare da dukkan raguwar da aka saita zuwa '0' (ƙungiyar mai ba da izini), kamar misalin farko a sama .
Subnetting a cikin Haɓaka
Ayyukan subnetting ta amfani da manufar ƙayyadadden adiresoshin sadarwarka ga kwamfuta na mutum (da kuma sauran na'urorin sadarwa). Adireshin cibiyar sadarwar yana hada da adireshin cibiyar yanar gizo da kuma ƙarin raguwa wanda ya wakilci lambar subnet . Tare, waɗannan bayanan bayanai guda biyu suna tallafawa tsarin kulawa na biyu wanda aka gane ta hanyar aiwatar da IP.
Adireshin cibiyar sadarwar da lambar subnet, lokacin da aka haɗa tare da adireshin mai masauki , sabili da haka goyi bayan tsari uku.
Ka yi la'akari da misali mai-gaba na duniya. Ƙananan ƙananan kasuwancin suyi amfani da hanyar sadarwar 192.168.1.0 don runduna ( intanet ɗin ). Ma'aikatar kula da 'yan Adam na son kwamfutar su kasance a kan wani ɓangare na wannan cibiyar sadarwa saboda suna adana bayanan haraji da sauran bayanan ma'aikaci mai kyau. Amma saboda wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta C C, tsofaffin masarrafan subnet na 255.255.255.0 ba da damar dukkan kwakwalwa a kan hanyar sadarwa don zama abokan aiki (don aika saƙonni kai tsaye ga juna) ta hanyar tsoho.
Na farko kashi huɗu na 192.168.1.0 -
1100
Sanya wannan cibiyar sadarwa a filin C na C kuma saita tsawon adireshin cibiyar sadarwa a 24 radiyo. Don ƙaddamar da wannan cibiyar sadarwa, fiye da 24 ragowa dole ne a saita zuwa '1' a gefen hagu na mask ɗin subnet. Alal misali, mask din 25-255.255.255.128 ya kirkiro cibiyar sadarwa ta biyu kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 1.
Don kowane ƙarin bit an saita zuwa '1' a cikin mask, wani bit ya sami samuwa a cikin adabin subnet zuwa jerin ƙarin shafi. Lambar subnet din guda biyu zai iya tallafawa har zuwa ɗayan shafuka huɗu, lambar lambobi uku-goyon bayan goyan bayan takwas ɗin, da sauransu.
Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da Subnets
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya a cikin wannan koyawa, ƙungiyoyi masu kula da Yarjejeniyar Intanet sun ajiye wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa don amfani da ciki.
Gaba ɗaya, intranets amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa samun ƙarin iko a kan sarrafa su IP sanyi da damar Intanet. Tuntubi RFC 1918 don ƙarin bayani game da waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa na musamman.
Takaitaccen
Ƙasashen waje yana ba masu gudanarwa cibiyar sadarwa damar samun sassauci a cikin ma'anar dangantaka tsakanin rundunonin sadarwa. Masu watsa shirye-shirye a kan nau'o'i daban-daban zasu iya yin magana da juna ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa kamar na'ura . Dama don tace hanya tsakanin sassan layi zai iya ƙara yawan bandwidth ga aikace-aikace kuma zai iya rage damar shiga hanyoyin da ke da kyau.