Wannan koyaswar ya bayyana fasaha ta yanar gizo na Intanet (IP) . Ga wadanda basu da sha'awar sassan fasaha, ƙetare zuwa ga waɗannan masu biyowa:
- Yin aiki tare da adireshin IP
IPv4 da IPv6
Intanet na Intanet (IP) ya ci gaba a shekarun 1970 don tallafawa wasu daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na farko na bincike. Yau, IP ta zama misali na duniya don gida da kuma sadarwar kasuwanci. Hanyar sadarwarmu , masu bincike na Yanar gizo , shirye-shiryen imel, saƙonnin saƙo na nan take - duk sun dogara ga IP ko sauran ladaran labarun sadarwa a kan IP .
Hanyoyi biyu na fasahar IP a yau. Cibiyoyin kwamfuta na gida na al'ada na amfani da IP version 4 (IPv4), amma wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa, musamman waɗanda suke a makarantun ilimi da kuma bincike, sun karbi tsarin IP IP 6 na gaba (IPv6).
Bayanan adireshin IPv4
Adireshin IPv4 yana kunshe da adadi huɗu (32 ragowa). Wadannan maɓuɓɓuka ma suna da bytes .
Don dalilan da ake karantawa, mutane suna aiki tare da adireshin IP a cikin sanarwa da ake kira decimal dotted . Wannan sanarwa yana sanya lokaci tsakanin kowace lambobi hudu (bytes) wanda ke da adireshin IP. Alal misali, adireshin IP da kwakwalwa ke gani
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
An rubuta shi a cikin ƙaddaraccen ƙima
- 10.0.0.1
Saboda kowane byte ya ƙunshi 8 bits, kowanne octet a cikin adireshin IP adireshin a darajar daga m 0 har zuwa 255. Saboda haka, cikakken jerin adiresoshin IP daga 0.0.0.0 ta hanyar 255.255.255.255 . Wannan yana wakiltar adadin adiresoshin IP 4,294,967,296.
Bayanan adireshin IPv6
Adireshin IP suna canzawa sosai tare da IPv6. Adireshin IPv6 sune 16 bytes (128 ratsi) tsawo fiye da adadi huɗu (32 bits). Wannan girman girman yana nufin cewa IPv6 tana goyan bayan fiye da
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
yiwu adiresoshin! Kamar yadda yawancin wayoyin salula da sauran masu amfani da na'urorin lantarki suka bunkasa halayyar sadarwar su kuma suna buƙatar adireshin su, ƙananan adireshin adireshin IPv4 zai ƙare kuma IPv6 ya zama dole.
Adireshin IPv6 ana rubuta su a cikin wadannan nau'i:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh
A cikin wannan cikakken bayani , nau'i-nau'i na adres IPv6 rabuwa ne da wani ma'auni kuma kowanne byte a cikin juyawa an wakilta a matsayin lambobin hexadecimal , kamar a cikin misali mai zuwa:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, adiresoshin IPv6 sun ƙunshe da yawancin bytes tare da darajar zero. Sanarwa a takaice a cikin IPv6 yana kawar da waɗannan dabi'u daga wakilcin rubutu (duk da cewa masu rarraba har yanzu suna a cikin adireshin cibiyar sadarwar ) kamar haka:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
A ƙarshe, adiresoshin IPv6 da yawa sune kariyar adiresoshin IPv4. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya sake rubuta rubutattun kalmomi na IPv6 guda biyu (ma'aurata biyu-byte masu daidai) na rubutun IPv4. Ana canza abin da aka sama a sama don haɓaka ƙididdigar haɓaka
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
Ana iya rubuta adiresoshin IPv6 a cikin cikakken bayani, gajere ko haɗin ginin da aka kwatanta a sama.