Sunan Na'urar Sunan (DNS) ya adana sunayen da adiresoshin sabobin Intanit na yanar gizo. Yayinda yanar gizo ke tasowa, DNS ta hanzarta fadada damar da zata dace, ta haifar da rarraba cibiyar sadarwa na dubban kwakwalwa a yau. Tallafa abokan hulɗar ku ta hanyar koyo da raba wadannan abubuwan ban sha'awa game da DNS.
Ƙari fiye da shekaru 30
Takardu biyu da Bulus Mockapetris ya wallafa a watan Nuwambar 1983 - wanda ake kira RFC 882 da RFC 883 - alama ne na DNS. Kafin DNS, ana iya gano tsarin jama'a kawai ta sunan mai suna, kuma adiresoshin ga duk waɗannan masaukin sun kasance a cikin babban fayil ɗin (mai suna "hosts.txt") wanda ya zama mai wuya a gudanar a matsayin cibiyoyin sadarwa na karuwa a shekarun 1970s da shekarun 1980. A DNS ya fadada wannan tsarin ladabi guda-daya zuwa wani mataki na gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ƙara goyon bayan domains - ɗaya ko fiye da ƙarin sunayen da aka haɗa zuwa sunan mai suna, kowannensu ya rabu da wani dot (.).
Kamar 6 TLDs na asali
Fiye da matakan sama da 700 (TLDs) a yanzu sun kasance akan Intanit (ciki har da wasu sunayen marasa amfani irin su .rocks da .soy). Ƙungiyar Intanet na Kwamitin Gudanarwa mai riba mai riba kyauta ga Sunaye da Lissafi (ICANN) suna sarrafa haɓarsu - duba jerin abubuwan ICANN na manyan yankuna.
Lokacin da aka fara aiwatarwa a cikin shekarun 1980s, duk da haka, DNS ya adana shida TLDs - .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net da .org. Babbar fadadawa a cikin zaɓin sunan yankin ya fara a 2011 tare da manufar inganta tsarin yanar gizo bisa ga manufar su.
Ƙari: Wurin Intanit na Tallabiyoyin Intanit (TLDs) An Bayyana
Fiye da 100 Million rajista Domains
Yawancin wuraren yanar gizo kamar "about.com" da "mit.edu" suna da alaƙa da makarantu ko kasuwanni, yayin da mutane ke yin rajistar wasu don dalilai na sirri. Ƙungiyoyi fiye da miliyan 100 sun kasance a karkashin .com kawai. Wadannan da sauran shafukan DNS mai ban sha'awa zasu iya samuwa a DomainTools Internet Statistics.
Ayyuka a duka gaba da juyawa
Yawancin buƙatun zuwa ga DNS sun haɗa da canzawa sunaye na shafukan intanet da sauran sabobin Intanit zuwa adiresoshin IP , wadanda ake kira gaba da binciken DNS. DNS yana aiki a cikin jagorancin baya, fassara adireshin zuwa sunayen. Duk da yake binciken DNS ba su da amfani da ita, suna taimaka wa masu gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa tare da matsala. Ayyuka kamar ping da traceroute sunyi bincike na baya, alal misali.
Ƙari: Gyara da Kashe Adireshin IP Adireshin
Yana da Tushen 13
DNS yana shirya sabobin suna a cikin matsayi don taimaka inganta ingantaccen sadarwa tsakanin masu saiti kuma don tabbatar da sauki ga tsarin. Dukkan tsarin tsarin kamar DNS ya halicci matsayi na sama (wanda ake kira "tushen" matakin) daga inda ƙananan matakan zasu iya fitowa. Don dalilai na fasaha, DNS na yau yana tallafawa shafukan suna uku 13 maimakon ɗaya. Kowane daga cikin wadannan tushen, mai sha'awa, an rubuta shi ne ta wata wasika - farawa da 'A' kuma yana mikawa ga wasika 'M'. (Ka lura cewa waɗannan tsarin suna cikin root-servers.net yankin yanar gizo, suna sanya sunayensu masu cikakken suna kamar "a.root-servers.net," misali.)
Ƙari: Saitin Tushen Sabunta na 13 na DNS
Firayim Ministan Hanyoyin Yanar Gizo
Labarun tarihin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin batutuwa na DNS sun bayyana a cikin labarai sosai sau da yawa. Shigarwa ta haɗu da dan gwanin kwamfuta samun damar yin amfani da shafukan yanar gizo ta DNS don shafin yanar gizon da aka yi niyya da kuma gyara su don tura masu baƙi zuwa shafin yanar gizon a maimakon, lokacin da mai amfani da Intanet ya ziyarci shafin da aka ɓoye, DNS yana buƙatar mai bincike don neman bayanai daga wuri mai gwaninta. Ka lura cewa masu kai hare-hare bazai buƙatar karya cikin DNS kanta ba amma zai iya jituwa da sabis ɗin sabis na yanar gizo ta hanyar impersonating a matsayin masu gudanarwa na yanar gizo.