Yadda za a Yi amfani da adireshin IP don neman adireshin MAC

Cibiyoyin sadarwa na TCP / IP na amfani da adiresoshin IP da adiresoshin MAC na na'urorin haɗi masu haɗin gwiwa. Duk da yake adireshin IP ya canza a lokacin, adireshin MAC na adaftar cibiyar sadarwa yana tsayawa ɗaya.

Akwai dalilai da dama da za ku so su san adireshin MAC na kwamfuta mai nisa, kuma yana da sauƙin yin ta amfani da mai amfani da layin umarni , kamar Dokar Umurnin da ke cikin Windows.

Kayan na'urar zai iya mallaka tashar cibiyar sadarwa da adiresoshin MAC. Kwamfutar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka tare da Ethernet , Wi-Fi , da haɗin Bluetooth , alal misali, yana da adiresoshin MAC guda biyu ko wasu lokuta masu dangantaka da shi, ɗaya ga kowane na'ura na cibiyar sadarwa ta jiki.

Me ya sa ya nuna adireshin MAC?

Akwai dalilai masu yawa don biye da adireshin MAC na na'urar sadarwa:

Ƙuntatawar Maganin adireshin MAC

Abin takaici, ba zai yiwu ba ne don bincika adiresoshin MAC ga na'urori a waje da kaiwar mutum. Sau da yawa ba zai yiwu a tantance adireshin MAC na kwamfuta ba daga adireshin IP kawai saboda waɗannan adiresoshin guda biyu sun samo tushe ne daga asali.

Kwamfuta ta hardware na kwamfutarka yana ƙayyade adireshin MAC yayin daidaitawar cibiyar sadarwar da aka haɗa shi don ƙayyade adireshin IP.

Duk da haka, idan kwakwalwa suna haɗuwa da wannan cibiyar sadarwa TCP / IP, zaka iya ƙayyade adireshin MAC ta hanyar fasaha da ake kira ARP (Adireshin Resolution Protocol) , wanda aka haɗa da TCP / IP.

Amfani da ARP, kowace cibiyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa tana biye da adireshin IP da adireshin MAC ga kowane na'ura wanda ya yi magana da shi kwanan nan. Yawancin kwakwalwa sun baka damar ganin wannan jerin adiresoshin da ARP ta tattara.

Yadda ake amfani da ARP don nema adireshin MAC

A cikin Windows, Linux, da kuma sauran tsarin aiki , mai amfani "arp" mai amfani yana nuna bayanan adireshin MAC da aka adana a cikin cache ARP. Duk da haka, tana aiki ne kawai a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyar kwakwalwa a cibiyar sadarwa ta gida (LAN) , ba a fadin intanit ba.

Lura: Akwai hanya daban don amfani da adireshin MAC na kwamfutar da kake amfani dashi yanzu , wanda ya shafi yin amfani da ipconfig / duk umurni (a Windows).

An yi amfani da ARP don amfani dasu da masu amfani da tsarin kuma ba hanya ba ne da za a iya amfani dashi don biye da kwakwalwa da mutane a kan intanet.

Duk da haka, a ƙasa ƙasa ɗaya ce ta yadda za a sami adireshin MAC ta hanyar adireshin IP. Na farko, fara da pinging na'urar da kake so MAC ta magance:

ping 192.168.86.45

Dokar ping ta samar da haɗi tare da wasu na'urorin akan cibiyar sadarwa kuma ya kamata ya nuna sakamakon kamar haka:

Pinging 192.168.86.45 tare da bayanan bayanan 32: Amsa daga 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 lokaci = 290ms TTL = 128 Amsa daga 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 lokaci = 3ms TTL = 128 Amsa daga 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 lokaci = 176ms TTL = 128 Sakamakon daga 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 lokaci = 3ms TTL = 128

Yi amfani da umarnin arp na gaba don samun jerin da ke nuna adireshin MAC na wannan na'urar da kuka pinged:

arp -a

Sakamakon iya duba wani abu kamar wannan, amma mai yiwuwa tare da wasu shigarwar:

Interface: 192.168.86.38 --- 0x3 Adireshin Intanit Adireshin Tsarin jiki 192.168.86.1 70-3a-cb-14-11-7a Dynamic 192.168.86.45 98-90-96-B9-9D-61 Dynamic 192.168.86.255 ff- ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 mai lamba 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb static

Nemo Adireshin IP na na'urar a jerin; Adireshin MAC yana nuna dama kusa da shi. A cikin wannan misali, adireshin IP shine 192.168.86.45 da adireshin MAC shine 98-90-96-B9-9D-61 (suna da ƙarfin hali don girmamawa).