Mahalarta 802.11 sun bayyana
Abokan gida da masu cin kasuwa suna neman neman sayen hanyar sadarwar yanar gizo suna fuskantar wani zaɓi. Yawancin samfurori sun bi ka'idodin waya 802.11a , 802.11b / g / n , da / ko 802.11ac da aka sani da fasahar Wi-Fi . Bluetooth da sauran na'urori mara waya (amma ba Wi-Fi) sun wanzu, kowanne an tsara don aikace-aikacen sadarwar.
Wannan labarin ya kwatanta ka'idodin Wi-Fi da fasaha masu dangantaka, kwatanta da bambanta su don taimaka maka ka fahimci juyin halitta na fasaha na Wi-Fi da kuma inganta ilimin tsarin sadarwa da kayan aiki sayen yanke shawara.
802.11
A shekarar 1997, Cibiyar Harkokin Lantarki da Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ta kirkiro ka'idar WLAN ta farko. Sun kira shi 802.11 bayan sunan kungiyar da aka kafa don kula da ci gabanta. Abin takaici, 802.11 kawai goyan bayan matsakaiciyar hanyar sadarwa na 2 Mbps - ma jinkirin yawancin aikace-aikacen. Saboda wannan dalili, talakawa 802.11 kayan aiki mara waya ba su da aka gina.
802.11b
IEEE ya karu a asali na 802.11 na asali a cikin Yuli 1999, yana samar da bayanin 802.11b . 802.11b yana goyon bayan bandwidth har zuwa 11 Mbps, kwatankwacin Ethernet na gargajiya.
802.11b yana amfani da nau'in sigina na radiyo wanda bai dace ba (2.4 GHz ) a matsayin ainihin asalin 802.11. Masu sayarwa sukan fi son amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin don rage farashin kayan aiki. Kasancewa marasa daidaituwa, nauyin 802.11b zai iya haifar da tsangwama daga tanda na microwave, wayoyi mara waya, da sauran na'urori ta amfani da wannan nau'in 2.4 GHz. Duk da haka, ta hanyar shigar da na'ura 802.11b zuwa nesa mai nisa daga wasu na'urori, ana iya kaucewa tsangwama.
- Sakamakon 802.11b - Kadan kuɗi; Alamar alama tana da kyau kuma ba a iya hana shi ba
- Cons na 802.11b - Saurin gudu mafi sauƙi; kayan aiki na gidan gida na iya tsangwama a kan band marar tsabta
802.11a
Yayinda 802.11b ke ci gaba, IEEE ya ƙirƙira na biyu zuwa asalin 802.11 na asali mai suna 802.11a . Saboda 802.11b da suka samu fiye da 802.11a, wasu sun yarda da cewa an halicci 802.11a bayan 802.11b. A gaskiya, an halicci 802.11a a lokaci guda. Saboda farashin da ya fi girma, ana iya samun 802.11a akan kasuwancin kasuwancin yayin da 802.11b mafi kyau ke aiki a kasuwar gida.
802.11a yana goyan bayan bandwidth har zuwa 54 Mbps kuma sigina a cikin tsararraren mitar fuska a kusa da 5 GHz. Wannan matsayi mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da 802.11b ya rage girman kewayon 802.11a. Hakan yawanci kuma yana nufin 802.11a sigina suna da wahala fiye da shiga ganuwar da sauran obstructions.
Saboda 802.11a da 802.11b suna amfani da ƙananan mabanbanta, fasaha biyu ba su dace da juna. Wasu masu sayar da kayan samfurin 802.11a / b na cibiyar sadarwa, amma waɗannan samfurori sun aiwatar da nau'i biyu na gefe ɗaya (kowace na'urorin haɗawa zasu yi amfani da ɗaya ko ɗaya).
- Abubuwan da aka yi na 802.11a - Saurin gudu mafi sauri; ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyi suna hana tsangwama na sigina daga wasu na'urori.
- Cons na 802.11a - Kyauta mafi girma; siginar ƙaramin sigina wanda ya fi sauƙin hana shi.
802.11g
A 2002 da 2003, kayayyakin WLAN da suka goyi bayan sabon tsarin da aka kira 802.11g sun fito a kasuwa. 802.11g yunkurin hada haɗin duka 802.11a da 802.11b. 802.11g tana goyon bayan bandwidth har zuwa 54 Mbps, kuma tana amfani da mita 2.4 GHz don mafi girma. 802.11g ne mai jituwa da baya tare da 802.11b, ma'anar cewa maki 802.11g za suyi aiki tare da na'urorin sadarwa na waya mara waya 802.11b da kuma mataimakin versa.
- Abubuwan da ake samu na 802.11g - Saurin gudu mafi sauri; Alamar alama tana da kyau kuma ba a iya hana shi ba.
- Cons na 802.11g - Kudin fiye da 802.11b; na'urorin lantarki na iya tsangwamarwa a kan siginar alamar ba tare da izini ba.
802.11n
802.11n (wani lokaci ana sani da Wireless N ) an tsara shi don inganta 802.11g a yawan adadin bandwidth da goyan baya ta amfani da alamar mara waya mara waya da antennas (da ake kira fasahar MIMO ) maimakon ɗaya. Kungiyoyi na masana'antu sun ƙaddamar da 802.11n a shekara ta 2009 tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na samar da har zuwa 300 Mbps na bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa. 802.11n kuma yana bayar da mafi kyawun filayen akan daidaitattun Wi-Fi a baya saboda ƙarfin siginar ƙararta, kuma yana da jituwa tare da 802.11b / g gear.
- Abubuwan da ake samu na 802.11n - Gwanin iyakar mafi sauri da mafi kyau siginar alama; mafi tsayayya ga tsangwama na siginar daga asalin waje.
- Amfani da 802.11n - Ba a kammala cikakke ba; yana kashe fiye da 802.11g; yin amfani da sigina na mahimmanci na iya ƙuntatawa sosai da cibiyoyin sadarwa na 802.11b / g.
802.11ac
Sabbin ƙarfin Wi-Fi a cikin amfani mai amfani, 802.11ac yayi amfani da fasaha mara waya ta zamani, goyon bayan haɗin kai ɗaya akan duka G4 da GHz da GHz 5 GHz. 802.11ac yana bada jituwa zuwa baya zuwa 802.11b / g / n da bandwidth da aka ƙaddara zuwa 1300 Mbps a kan 5 GHz band har zuwa 450 Mbps a 2.4 GHz.
Menene Game da Bluetooth da Sauran?
Baya ga waɗannan sharuɗɗa na Wi-Fi guda biyar, da dama wasu fasahohin sadarwa na zamani ba su wanzu.
- IEEE 802.11 ƙungiyoyi masu aiki kamar 802.11h da 802.11j sune kari ko ƙananan fasaha na Wi-Fi wanda kowannensu ya keɓaɓɓen dalili.
- Bluetooth ita ce fasaha ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya mara waya wadda ta bi hanyar daban-daban fiye da na 802.11 iyali. Bluetooth na goyan bayan gajere (kimanin mita 10) da ƙananan bandwidth (1-3 Mbps a cikin aikin) an tsara don na'urori masu ƙananan ƙarfi kamar na'urorin hannu. Ƙananan kayan masana'antu na kayan aikin Bluetooth yana kira ga masu sayar da masana'antu. Zaka iya samun Bluetooth a cikin sadarwar PDAs ko wayoyin salula tare da PCs, amma an yi amfani da ita don sadarwar WLAN na asali saboda la'akari da la'akari da sauri.
- An kuma ware WiMax dabam dabam daga Wi-Fi. An tsara WiMax don sadarwar dogon lokaci (kimanin kilomita ko kilomita) a maimakon tsayayyar sadarwar waya mara waya.
Wadannan ka'idojin IEEE 802.11 masu zuwa yanzu sun kasance ko suna ci gaba don taimakawa wajen samar da fasaha don sadarwar gida na gida mara waya:
- 802.11a - 54 Mbps misali, 5 GHz sigina (ƙulla 1999)
- 802.11b - 11 Mbps misali, 2.4 GHz sigina (1999)
- 802.11c - aiki na haɗin haɗin (ya koma 802.1D)
- 802.11d - a duk duniya da bin ka'idoji don amfani da siginar alama mara waya (2001)
- 802.11e - goyon baya na sabis (QoS) (ba a ƙulla ba)
- 802.11F - Yarjejeniyar Inter-Access Point Protocol don sadarwa tsakanin wuraren samun damar tallafawa abokan ciniki (2003)
- 802.11g - 54 Mbps misali, 2.4 GHz sigina (2003)
- 802.11h - ingantaccen version of 802.11a don tallafa wa ka'idodi na Turai (2003)
- 802.11i - ingantawar tsaro ga iyali 802.11 (2004)
- 802.11j - haɓakawa zuwa 5 GHz alama don tallafawa bukatun Japan (2004)
- 802.11k - WLAN tsarin gudanarwa
- 802.11l - An kori don kauce wa rikicewa tare da 802.11i
- 802.11m - kulawa da 802.11 takardun iyali
- 802.11n - 100+ Mbps ingantattun daidaituwa fiye da 802.11g (2009)
- 802.11o - tsalle
- 802.11p - Aikace-aikacen Mara waya don Yanayin Muhalli
- 802.11q - tsalle
- 802.11r - Taimakon tafiya ta sauri ta hanyar Basic Service Saita fassarar
- 802.11s - Hanyoyin sadarwa ta ESS don samun damar shiga
- 802.11T - Sanarwar Ayyukan Wuta ba tare da izini ba - shawara don gwaji da ma'auni
- 802.11u - Intanit tare da 3G / salon salula da sauran siffofin cibiyoyin waje
- 802.11v - mara waya cibiyar sadarwa management / na'urar sanyi
- 802.11w - Tsare-tsare Kasuwanci Tsare-tsaren inganta haɓaka tsaro
- 802.11x - An kori (sunan mahaifa ga iyalin 802.11)
- 802.11y - Yarjejeniyar Ta'addanci don tsangwama ba zai hana ba
Ƙungiyar IEEE 802.11 Taswirar Jirgin Labaran Jirgin shafi na IEEE ya wallafa shi don nuna matsayin kowane ɗayan ka'idodin sadarwar da ke ci gaba.