Ƙarin fahimtar waɗannan ka'idodin dokoki yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke tsara kewaye, lantarki, ko tsarin lantarki.
Ƙarin Dokokin Hanya
Ka'idodin ka'idodi na lantarki suna mayar da hankali kan ƙananan matakan sigina na lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, iko, da juriya, da kuma ayyana yadda suke haɗuwa. Sabanin wasu daga cikin haɗin keɓaɓɓen kayan na'urorin lantarki da ƙididdiga, waɗannan kayan yau da kullum suna amfani da su akai-akai, idan ba yau da kullum ba, duk wanda ke aiki tare da kayan lantarki. Wadannan dokoki sun gano Georg Ohm da Gustav Kirchhoff kuma an san su da dokokin Ohms da dokokin Kirchhoff.
Dokar Ohms
Dokar Ohms shine dangantaka tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu da juriya a cikin zagaye kuma yana da mahimmanci (kuma mafi sauki) da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin na'urorin lantarki. Kalmar Ohms ta nuna cewa gudana ta gudana ta hanyar juriya daidai yake da wutar lantarki a fadin juriya ta hanyar juriya (I = V / R). Dokokin Ohms za a iya rubuta su a hanyoyi da dama, duk waɗanda aka saba amfani dashi. Alal misali - Rigun iska yana daidaita da gudana ta yanzu ta hanyar tsayayyar gwagwarmaya lokacin juriya (V = IR) kuma juriya tana daidaita da wutar lantarki a fadin tsayayyar da raba ta ke gudana (R = V / R). Dokar Ohms ma yana da amfani wajen ƙayyade adadin ikon yin amfani da shi tun daga lokacin da yake da wutar lantarki daidai yake da gudana ta yanzu ta lantarki (P = IV). Dokar Ohms za a iya amfani da shi don ƙayyade ikon wutar lantarki idan dai biyu daga masu canji a ka'idar ohms sune aka sani ga kewaye.
Kalmar Dokar Ohms ita ce kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a kayan lantarki, musamman tun da ana iya samun sauƙaƙe mafi girma, amma ka'idar ohms tana da mahimmanci a duk matakai na zane-zane da na'urorin lantarki. Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikace mafi kyau na ka'idar Ohms da kuma ikon haɗi shine a ƙayyade yawan ƙarfin da aka rushe kamar zafi a cikin wani bangaren. Sanin wannan yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen ƙimar da aka zaɓa domin aikace-aikace. Alal misali lokacin da zaɓin wani gwagwarmayar mita na mita 50 a cikin tsaunuka wanda zai ga 5 volts a yayin aiki na al'ada, sanin shi zai buƙata share (P = IV => P = (V / R) * V => P = (5volts ^ 2) / 50ohms) = 5 watts) ½ watt yayin da yake ganin 5 volts yana nufin cewa za a yi amfani da tsayayyar da ma fi girma iko fiye da 0.5 watts. Sanin ikon yin amfani da abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin tsarin zai baka damar sanin idan akwai wasu matsalolin na thermal ko sanyaya na iya buƙata kuma ya nuna girman wutar lantarki don tsarin.
Kirchhoff & # 39; s Dokokin Majalisa
Dokar Ohms tare da ita a cikin cikakken tsari shine dokar kirkirar Kirchhoff. Dokar Kirchhoff ta halin yanzu ta bi ka'idar kiyayewa da makamashi kuma ta furta cewa jimillar yawan duk abin da ke gudana a cikin kullun (ko aya) a kewaye yana daidaita da adadin abin da ke gudana daga cikin kumburi. Misali mai sauƙi na Dokar Kirchhoff na yanzu shine mai samar da wutar lantarki da raguwa mai mahimmanci tare da hanyoyi masu yawa a cikin layi daya. Daya daga cikin nodes na kewaye shi ne inda duk tsayayyar ke haɗuwa da wutar lantarki. A wannan kumburi, wutar lantarki yana samarwa yanzu a cikin kumburi kuma an raba raguwa ta yanzu a cikin tsangwama kuma yana gudana daga wannan kumburi kuma a cikin tsayayya.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law kuma ya bi ka'idar kiyayewa da makamashi da jihohin cewa yawancin ɗakunan da ke cikin cikakken tsari na kewaye dole ne daidai zero. Ƙara misali na baya na samar da wutar lantarki tare da matakai masu yawa a cikin layi tsakanin ginin wutar lantarki da ƙasa, kowane ƙullin wutar lantarki, gwagwarmaya, da ƙasa suna ganin irin wutar lantarki ɗaya a fadin tsayayyen tun lokacin da akwai nauyin resistive kawai. Idan madaidaiciya yana da jigon tsayayyi a jerin jigilar wutar lantarki a kowane bangare za a rarraba bisa ga ka'idar dokokin Ohms.