Kamar yawancin kayan lantarki, tsayayyiya sun zo cikin nau'i-nau'i, masu girma, haɓaka da iri. Dukkan tsayayyen ba'a halicci daidai ba, duk da haka. Kowane nau'i na tsayayya yana da banbanci daban-daban na dabi'u na al'ada don tsayayyar ƙararrawa, juriya, ƙaddamarwar watsi, haɗin zafin jiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki, amsawa ta mita, girman, da kuma tabbacin. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna haifar da kwarewa da ƙuntatawa da yin wasu tsayayyiyar manufa a wasu aikace-aikace da kuma tushen mafarki mafarki a wasu.
Carbon Composition Resistors
Magunguna masu amfani da carbon sun kasance sune mafi yawan nau'ikan adawa da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kayan lantarki saboda dangin dangi da kuma amincin su. Rashin tsayayyen carbon carbon na amfani da wani abu mai mahimmanci na kayan da aka yi daga carbon foda, mai yumbu mai yalwa, da kuma kayan mai ɗaure. Ana jure juriya ta hanyar canza tsarin rabo daga carbon zuwa kayan kayan filler. Kwayar carbon a cikin gwagwarmaya tana aiwatar da yanayin muhalli, musamman zafi, kuma yana da tsayayyar canzawa cikin juriya a tsawon lokaci. Saboda wannan dalili, sunadaran gwagwarmaya na carbon sunyi rashin haƙuri, yawanci kawai 5%. Har ila yau, tsayayyen katako na carbon ne ma iyakancewa akan sharuddan mulki har zuwa 1 watt. Ya bambanta da gazawar rashin ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi, ƙarfin haɓakar ƙwayar ƙasa yana da amsa mai kyau wanda ya sanya su wani zaɓi don aikace-aikace masu tsayi.
Carbon Film Resistors
Rashin tsayayyen fim na Carbon suna amfani da murhun ƙwayar carbon a kan wani sanda mai tsauri wanda aka yanke don ya zama hanya mai zurfi. Ta wajen sarrafa tsawon hanyar da nisa, za a iya daidaita juriya tare da haƙuri kamar yadda kashi 1%. Bugu da ƙari, damar da aka samu na fim din fim din ya fi kwarewar maganganun carbon, tare da ƙimar kulawa har zuwa 5 watts da mafi kwanciyar hankali. Duk da haka, karɓar maganganun su yafi mummunan rauni saboda rashin haɓaka da haɓakar da aka haifar da hanyar tsayayyar da aka yanke a cikin fim.
Nau'ikan Gidan Yara
Daya daga cikin batutuwa masu mahimmanci na yau da kullum da ake amfani da su a yau sune masu adawar fim. Suna da kamannin kama da kariya ga fim din fim, tare da babban mahimmanci shine yin amfani da allurar mota a matsayin abu mai mahimmanci maimakon carbon. Mudin karfe da aka yi amfani da su, yawanci mai hakar nickel-chromium, yana iya samar da juriya masu juriya fiye da maganin fim din carbon tare da juriya kamar yadda kashi 0.01%. Matsalar fim na samfurin suna samuwa har zuwa kimanin 35 watts, amma juriya zaɓuɓɓuka zasu fara sama da watannin 1-2 watts. Matsewar fim na zamani yana da ƙananan amo, kuma barga tare da ƙaramin canji saboda yawan zafin jiki da kuma amfani da lantarki.
Matsalar Cikakken Matsalar
Kasancewa cikin shahararrun shekarun 1970s, tsayayyen matsewar fina-finai sune gwagwarmaya masu tasowa har yau. An yi su a cikin tsarin buge-buge ta hanyar amfani da yumbu mai yalwa da gilashin gilashin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa. Da zarar an tsayar da tsayayyen, an dafa shi a yanayin zafi don cire ruwa ya kuma fuse yumbu da gilashi. Da farko, jita-jita ta fina-finai yana da matukar damuwa, amma a yau suna da samuwa tare da juriya kamar low 0.1% a kunshe-kunshe wanda zai iya daukar har zuwa 250 watts. Matakan tsayayyen fim suna da babban tasirin zafin jiki, tare da zazzain zafin jiki na 100 ° C wanda ya haifar da kashi 2.5% a cikin juriya.
Mahimman finafinan fim
Samun daga matakai na semiconductor, an yi jita-jitaccen fim din ta hanyar tsari na maganin motsa jiki wanda ake kira sputtering inda aka ajiye wani abu mai laushi na kayan aiki a kan wani abu mai laushi. Wannan Layer Layer ɗin nan yana da hotunan hoto don ƙirƙirar tsari. Ta hanyar sarrafa iko da adadin kayan da aka ajiye da kuma abin da ya faru, za a iya samun juriya kamar yadda kashi 0.01% za a samu tare da maganin fim din. Maƙalafan fim na fim din suna iyakance ga kimanin 2.5 watts da ƙananan ƙananan fiye da wasu nau'in adawa amma suna da tsayayyen barga. Akwai farashin abin da ya dace na gwagwarmayar fim na fim wanda yawanci sau biyu ne farashin lokacin tsin-tsakin fim.
Wuraren Wuta
Ƙarfin mafi girma da mafi tsayayyar tsayayyiya sune tsayayyar waya, ko da yake suna da wuya su duka iko da ainihin lokaci ɗaya. Ana yin tsayayyen wutan lantarki ta hanyar jigilar fasaha mai tsayayya, yawanci nickel chromium maida, a kusa da wani yumbu mai sabbin. Ta hanyar canzawa da diamita, tsawon, kayan haɗi na waya da nauyin kunshin kayan haɓaka na tsayayyar alamar waya za a iya tsara su zuwa aikace-aikacen. Dogaro da juriya suna da ƙarfi kamar 0.005% don ƙayyadadden tsayayyar waya da za a iya samuwa tare da ikon ikon har kusan 50 watts. Kayan ƙarfin waya na wutar lantarki yawanci suna da juriya na ko dai 5 ko 10% amma suna da darajar iko a filin kilowatt. Tsayayyar wutan lantarki suna sha wahala daga haɓakaccen haɓaka da haɓaka saboda yanayin da suka gina, wanda ke iyakance su zuwa aikace-aikace na m.
Potentiometers
Gano alamar alama ko kunna kewaye shi ne abin da ke faruwa a cikin kayan lantarki. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin mafi sauki don daidaitawa sigina ta hannu shine ta hanyar tsayayyar tsayayyar wuri ko mai tsauri. Ana amfani dashi mai amfani da na'urori mai amfani don ana amfani da su na analog masu amfani irin su iko da ƙara. An yi amfani da ƙananan fannin ninkin yin amfani da su don yin taɗa ko ƙaddamar da kewaye a kan PCB kafin a kulle ta kuma aikawa ga abokan ciniki. Masu haɗuwa na iya zama ainihin, sau da yawa suna juya tsayayyar matakan, amma sau da yawa sune na'urori masu sauƙi guda ɗaya wanda ke motsa wani wiper tare da hanyar carbon hanyar don canza juriya daga kusa da sifilin zuwa iyaka mafi girma. Masu amfani da kwarewa suna da ƙananan ƙwararruwar ikon, ƙarancin mawuyacin hali, da kwanciyar hankali na mediocre. Duk da haka, ƙwarewar bambancin juriya da daidaita siginar yana haifar da na'urori mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar masu yawa da kuma cikin prototyping.
Sauran Nau'ikan Tsarin
Kamar yadda aka fi dacewa da mafi yawan abubuwan da aka tsara, akwai wasu nau'o'in jayayya na musamman. A gaskiya ma, da dama suna da mahimmanci ciki har da maƙasudin tayarwa a cikin hasken wuta. Wasu wasu bambance-bambance na musamman sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zafi, nau'in karfe, oxide, shunts, cermet, da kuma jigilar grid don sunaye wasu.