Sakamakon warwarewar abu ne mai muhimmanci na lantarki. Solder ba koyaushe yana haɗuwa da kayan aiki wanda zai iya haifar da haɗin haɗin maƙasudduka, haɗin ginin, ko ma babu haɗin haɗi. Maganar magance matsalolin haɗin kai shine amfani da wakili mai laushi da kuma yawan zafin jiki.
Menene Flux?
Lokacin da solder ya narke da kuma haɗin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin matakan karfe guda biyu, a haƙiƙa ya ƙunshi wani ƙaddamar da ƙwayar ƙarfe ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙananan ƙarfe. Kyau mai kyau yana buƙatar abubuwa biyu, wani nau'i wanda ya dace tare da ƙananan ƙarfe da aka haɗa da ƙananan ƙarfe, ba tare da yadadde ba, turbaya, da kuma kayan da ke hana haɗin haɗuwa. Gyaran ƙura da ƙura za a iya cirewa ta hanyar tsaftacewa ko kuma an hana shi da fasaha mai kyau. Oxides, a gefe guda, yana buƙatar wata hanya.
Oxides yana samar da kusan dukkanin karafa lokacin da oxygen ke haɓaka da karfe. A kan baƙin ƙarfe, yawancin abu ne ake kira tsatsa, amma yana faruwa ne da tin, aluminum, jan ƙarfe, azurfa, kuma kusan dukkanin ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan lantarki. Oxides suna yin wuya sosai fiye da wuya ko ma ba zai yiwu ba, ta hana haɗin ƙulla aiki tare da solder. Halitta yana faruwa a duk lokacin, amma ya faru da sauri a yanayin zafi mafi girma, kamar a lokacin da Flux ya zama mai tsabtace jiki kuma yana haɓaka da Layer oxide, yana barin wani wuri wanda aka fara da shi don kyakkyawar dangantaka. Flux yana kasancewa a saman karfe yayin da yake yin sulhu wanda ya hana ƙarin oxides daga kafa saboda zafi mai zafi na soldering. Kamar dai tare da solder, akwai nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, kowannensu yana amfani da amfani da mahimmanci kuma.
Nau'in Flux
Don aikace-aikacen da yawa, haɗin da aka haɗa a cikin maɓallin waya ya isa. Duk da haka, akwai aikace-aikace masu yawa inda ƙarin saurin yana da amfani sosai, irin su dutsen dutsen da kuma lalacewa. A cikin dukkan lokuta, mafi kyawun hawan da za a yi amfani da su shi ne nau'i mai nauyin acidic (ko kadan) wanda zai yi aiki a kan oxide a kan kayan da ya haifar da wani abu mai kyau.
Rosin Flux
Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin jinsunan da aka yi amfani da ita sun kasance sun kasance a kan launi na Pine (tsabta da tsabta) da ake kira rosin. Har yanzu ana amfani da layin Rosin a yau, amma yawanci shi ne haɗuwa da haruffa don inganta fashewa, aikinsa, da halaye. Jigilar ruwa mai sauƙi zai sauƙi sauƙi, musamman ma lokacin da zafi, yana cire oxides da sauri, kuma yana taimaka wajen cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin daga farfajiyar karfe. Gudun Rosin yana gudana a lokacin da ruwa, amma idan ya sa shi ya zama m da inert. Tunda rosin flux ya zama inert lokacin da ya dace, ana iya bar shi akan PCB ba tare da lalata yanayin ba sai dai injin zai warke zuwa wurin da rond zai zama ruwa kuma ya fara cin abinci a haɗin. Saboda wannan dalili shine kyakkyawan tsarin manufar cire rosin flux daga PCB. Har ila yau, idan an yi amfani da shafi na musamman ko PCB kayan shafawa yana da mahimmanci, ya kamata a cire ragowar ruwa. Za'a iya kawar da hawan Rosin tare da barasa.
Organic Acid Flux
Daya daga cikin ruwan da aka fi amfani da ita shine ruwa mai narkewar ruwa (OA). Ana amfani da acid da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin acid, irin su citric, lactic, da kuma stearic acid a tsakanin wasu. An hade gwargwadon kwayoyin rauni tare da sauran ƙarfi kamar isopropyl barasa da ruwa. Hanyoyi na Organic acid sun fi karfi da halayen rosin kuma suna wanke oxides da sauri. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin ruwa mai narkewar ruwa na haɓakar ruwa ya ba da damar sauƙin tsabtace PCB tare da ruwa na yau da kullum (kawai kare abubuwan da basu dace ba!). Ana buƙatar tsaftace nau'in hawan acid yayin da sauran ke sarrafawa ta hanyar wutar lantarki kuma zai iya tasiri sosai akan aiki da aikin da ke kewaye, idan ba zai haifar da lalacewa ba idan tafarkin yana aiki kafin a rage tsaran ragowar.
Inorganic Acid Flux
Wani zaɓi mai karfi wanda kwayar halitta ta yadu ne wanda ba shi da kyau, wanda shine yawan gauraya da karfi kamar acid hydrocloric, zinc chloride, da ammonium chloride. Ingancin acid yana ƙuduri zuwa ga ƙarfin ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, da kuma bakin karfe. Inorganic acid flux yana buƙatar tsabtataccen tsabtatawa bayan amfani don cire duk sauran ƙarancin jiki daga saman da zasu rasa ƙarfi ko halakar da haɗin gwiwa idan aka bari a wurin. Kada a yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar inorganic acid domin aikin taro na lantarki ko aikin lantarki.
Solder Fumes
Da hayaki da fum din da aka saki yayin da shinge ba abu ne mai girma ba. Ya haɗa da mahallin sunadarai daga acid da karfin su tare da yadudduka oxide. Sau da yawa mahadi irin su formaldehyde, toluene, alcohols, da kuma furotin acidic suna cikin furo din. Wadannan fum na iya haifar da ciwon fuka da karuwar rashin aiki zuwa foda. Ciwon daji da kuma haddasa hadari daga ƙananan sauƙi suna da ƙananan ƙila tun lokacin da ake buƙatar motsi don solder yana da sau da yawa fiye da zafin jiki mai zafi na hawan da zafin fuska na sulhu. Babban haɗarin haɗari shi ne daidaitawa na solder kanta. Kulawa ya kamata a dauka lokacin yin amfani da sulɓi, tare da mayar da hankali ga wanke hannun hannu da guje wa cin abinci, sha, da shan taba a wuraren da solder don hana damuwa daga shiga jiki.