Kuna ji kalma a duk lokacin amma mai tsanani: Menene ma'anar?
Idan ya zo da fasaha da ƙwarewa, wani dandamali yana zama tushen asali ga ci gaba da goyon bayan kayan aiki da software.
Duk abin da aka halitta akan saman kafuwar yana aiki tare a cikin tsarin. Saboda haka, kowane dandamali yana da tsarin kansa, ka'idoji, da ƙuntatawa waɗanda ke nuna abin da kayan aiki / software za a iya gina kuma yadda kowane ya kamata ya yi aiki.
Siffofin kayan aiki na iya zama:
- Dukkan tsarin
- Kayan mutum
- Sassa
Ganin kamfanoni na kayan aiki, dandamali na yau da kullum sun fi yawa, amma sauki don sadarwa da masu amfani. Yana da hankali, an ba mu mu'amala da ƙwarewa tare da software / aikace-aikace, kodayake hardware (misali mice, keyboards, saka idanu, touchscreens) yana taimakawa wajen raguwa. Siffofin software suna fada a ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin:
- Software tsarin
- Software aikace-aikace
Dukkanin tsarin
Siffofin kayan aiki na iya zama dukkanin tsarin (watau na'ura masu kwakwalwa) kamar su manyan ma'aikata, ɗawainiya, kwamfyutoci, kwamfyutocin, Allunan, wayoyin wayoyin hannu, da sauransu. Kowane ɗayan suna wakiltar wani dandalin kayan aiki saboda kowannensu yana da nau'i nau'i nau'i, yana aiki da kansa daga sauran tsarin, kuma yana iya samar da kayan aiki ko ayyuka (misali software / software masu gudana, haɗawa da na'urori / intanet, da dai sauransu) ga masu amfani, musamman ma waɗanda ba a tsammani ta hanyar zane na ainihi ba.
Kayan Wuta
Abubuwan da aka gyara ɗaya, irin su cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya (CPU) na kwakwalwa, ana daukar nauyin dandalin kayan aiki. CPUs (misali Intel Core, ARM Cortex, AMD APU) suna da siffofi daban-daban wanda ke ƙayyade aiki, sadarwa, da kuma hulɗa tare da sauran abubuwan da suka ƙunshi dukan tsarin. Alal misali, yi la'akari da CPU a matsayin tushe wanda ke goyan bayan kwakwalwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙwaƙwalwar faifai, katunan fadada, haɗin kai, da software. Wasu samfurori na iya ko a'a ba su haɗuwa da juna, dangane da nau'in, tsari, da daidaituwa.
Sassa
Siffofin, kamar PCI Express , Gidan Hoto Gida (AGP) , ko kuma fadin sararin samaniya na ISA, su ne dandamali don ci gaba da nau'i-nau'i na ƙarawa / fadada. Dabbobi daban-daban na siffofi sune na musamman, don haka, alal misali, ba zai yiwu ba don saka katin Katin PCI a cikin sakon AGP ko ISA - tuna cewa waɗannan dandamali sun kafa dokoki da ƙuntatawa. Binciken ya samar da sadarwa, goyon bayan, da kuma albarkatun zuwa katin haɓaka da aka haɗa. Misalan katunan fadada da ke yin amfani da waɗannan tallace-tallace su ne: bidiyo masu bidiyo, sauti / jihohi, mahaɗin sadarwar yanar gizo, tashoshin USB, masu kula da ATA (SATA).
Software Tsaro
Software tsarin shine abin da ke sarrafa kwamfutar ta hanyar aiwatar da matakai guda ɗaya yayin sarrafawa / haɓaka kayan aiki da dama tare da software na aikace-aikacen. Misali mafi kyau ga tsarin software shine tsarin aiki , kamar (amma ba'a iyakance su) Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, da Chrome OS ba.
Kayan aiki yana aiki a matsayin dandamali ta hanyar samar da yanayi wanda ke goyan bayan hulɗar mai amfani ta hanyar magancewa (misali dubawa, linzamin kwamfuta, keyboard, printer, da dai sauransu), sadarwa tare da sauran tsarin (misali sadarwar, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, da sauransu), da aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace.
Software Aikace-aikacen
Software aikace-aikace ya haɗa da dukan shirye-shiryen da aka tsara domin cimma ayyuka na musamman akan kwamfuta - mafi yawancin ba a la'akari da su ba. Misalai na yau da kullum na kayan aiki na yaudara ba su ne: shirye-shiryen gyare-gyaren hoto, masu sarrafa kalmomi, ɗakunan rubutu, 'yan wasan kiɗa, saƙon / hira, labarun zamantakewa, da sauransu.
Duk da haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen da suke da mahimmanci . Maɓalli ita ce ko software ɗin da ake tambayar tambaya ko a'a don goyon bayan wani abu da za'a gina a kan shi. Wasu misalai na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace kamar su dandamali sune:
- Masu bincike na intanit (misali Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer) su ne dandamali ga wasu nau'ikan software, kamar su-plug-ins / kari ko wasu jigogi.
- Shafukan yanar gizo na zamantakewar jama'a , kamar su Facebook, suna zama dandamali a yayin da suke goyon bayan aikace-aikacen waje, kayan aiki, da / ko ayyuka waɗanda ke hulɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin shafin. Wannan ya shafi duka shafukan yanar gizon da kuma fasalin wayar salula.
- Wasan bidiyo da ke tallafawa mods (ta hanyar editan wasan) ana daukar su ne dandamali. Yanayin wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo suna amfani da fasahar wasan bidiyo na yau da kullum don kafa harsashi don ƙirƙirar taswirar da aka tsara na mutum, haruffa, abubuwa, ko ma duk wani abu mai zaman kanta.
Consoles Game da Wasan Bidiyo
Consoles game da bidiyo sune manyan misalai na kayan aiki da software haɗe tare a matsayin dandamali. Kowace nau'in wasan kwaikwayo ta zama tushen da ke goyan bayan ɗakin ɗakin ɗakin karatu na jiki (misali asalin Nintendo cartridge bai dace ba tare da wasu sifofin Nintendo tsarin wasan kwaikwayo) da kuma na digital (misali duk da kasancewar tsari ne, Sony PS3 za ta ba aiki akan tsarin Sony PS4 ba saboda ƙwarewar software / shirye-shirye).