Yawancin mutane ba su san shi ba, amma mun dogara ga ɓoyewar yanar sadarwa kusan kowane lokacin da muke shiga yanar gizo. Don komai daga banki da sayayya don duba imel, muna son sadarwar Intanit don kare mu da kyau, da kuma ɓoyewa na taimakawa wajen yin hakan.
Mene ne Cikin Shagon Intanet?
Cigabawar wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci da kuma tasiri don kare bayanai na cibiyar sadarwa. Hanyar boye-boye ɓoye bayanai ko abinda ke ciki na saƙo a cikin hanyar da za'a iya dawo da bayanan asali ta hanyar tsari na sharudda . Cigaba da ƙaddamarwa su ne fasaha na yau da kullum a cikin rubutun kalmomi - ƙwarewar kimiyya bayan sadarwar da ta dace.
Yawancin ɓoye-boye daban-daban da kuma tsarin ƙaddamarwa (wanda ake kira algorithms ). Musamman akan yanar-gizon, yana da matukar wuya a ci gaba da yin bayani game da wadannan algorithms ainihin sirri. Masu kallon kallo sun fahimci wannan kuma suna tsara algorithms don suyi aiki ko da an aiwatar da cikakken bayani game da su. Yawancin algorithms da dama sun cimma wannan kariya ta amfani da maballin .
Mene ne Maɓallin ƙuƙwalwa?
A cikin kwamfuta cryptography, wani mažalli shi ne tsawon jerin jerin raguwa da aka yi amfani da boye-boye da kuma decryption algorithms. Alal misali, wadannan suna wakiltar maɓalli na 40-bit hypothetical:
00001010 01101001 10011110 00011100 01010101
Wani algorithm boye-boye yana ɗaukar sakon da ba a ɓoye ba, kuma maɓalli kamar na sama, kuma yana musanya asalin asalin lissafin lissafi bisa maɓallin keɓaɓɓen don ƙirƙirar saƙo na ɓoye. Sabanin haka, wani algorithm na lalatawa yana ɗaukan saƙon ɓoyayye kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa ainihin asalin ta amfani da maɓalli ɗaya ko fiye.
Wasu algorithms na rubutun kalmomi suna amfani da maɓalli guda don duka boye-boye da kuma decryption. Irin wannan maɓalli dole ne a ɓoye asiri; in ba haka ba, duk wanda ya san maɓallin da ke amfani da shi don aika saƙo zai iya samar da wannan maɓalli ga algorithm decryption don karanta wannan saƙo.
Sauran algorithms suna amfani da maɓalli guda don boye-boye kuma na biyu, maɓalli daban don decryption. Maɓallin ɓoyayyen zai iya kasancewa cikin jama'a a wannan yanayin, kamar yadda ba tare da sanin sananniyar saƙonnin sakonni ba za a iya karantawa. Shafukan yanar-gizo masu kyau na Intanet suna amfani da wannan ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen maɓalli na jama'a .
Ƙunƙwasa a Cibiyar Gidan Yanar Gizo
Cibiyoyin gida na Wi-Fi suna tallafawa ladabi na tsaro da dama ciki har da WPA da WPA2 . Yayinda waɗannan ba su da alamar ƙirar ɓoye masu karfi ba, suna isasshen don kare cibiyoyin gida don samun snooped su daga masu fita waje.
Ƙayyade ko wane nau'i na boye-boye yana aiki a cibiyar sadarwar gida ta hanyar duba na'urar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa (ko wata hanyar sadarwa ).
Cigaba kan Intanit
Masu bincike na zamani sunyi amfani da yarjejeniyar Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) don ma'amaloli na kan layi. SSL yana aiki ta amfani da maɓalli na jama'a don ɓoyewa da kuma maɓallin keɓaɓɓiyar maɓallin keɓaɓɓe don decryption. Lokacin da ka ga prefix na HTTPS a kan adireshin URL ɗin a mai bincikenka, yana nuna alamar SSL tana faruwa a bayan al'amuran.
Matsayi na Mahimman Tsarin da Tsaro Cibiyar
Saboda duka WPA / WPA2 da kuma SSL boye-boye sun dogara ne akan maɓallai, ma'auni guda ɗaya na tasiri na ɓoyewar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar ƙididdiga tsawon - yawan raguwa a cikin maɓallin.
Saurin aiwatar da SSL a cikin masu bincike na yanar gizo na Netscape da Internet Explorer shekaru da suka wuce sunyi amfani da daidaitattun SSL encryption 40. Yadda aka fara aiwatar da WEP don cibiyoyin gida na amfani da maɓallin ɓoye 40-bit.
Abin takaici, zane-zane 40-bit ya zama mai sauƙi don ƙaddarawa ko kuma "ƙuƙwasawa" ta hanyar ƙididdigar maɓallin keɓaɓɓen bayanin. Wani fasaha na yau da kullum da ake kira cryptography da ake kira ƙaddamarwa mai ƙarfi yana amfani da kwamfuta don sarrafawa da ƙididdigewa da kuma gwada kowace maɓalli ɗaya ɗaya. 2-bit boye-boye, alal misali, ya ƙunshi ma'amaloli masu mahimmanci guda hudu don tsammani:
00, 01, 10, da 11
3-bit boye-boye ya shafi dabi'u guda takwas, 4-bit boye-boye 16 dabi'u mai yiwuwa, da sauransu. Harshen lissafi, 2 n dabi'un da ake yiwuwa sun kasance don maɓallin n-bit.
Duk da yake 2 40 na iya zama kamar babban adadi, ba abu mai wuya ga kwakwalwa na yau da kullum don kwashe waɗannan haɗuwa a cikin gajeren lokaci. Masu yin amfani da software na tsaro sun fahimci bukatar buƙatar ƙarfin boye-boye kuma ya koma zuwa 128-bit kuma mafi girma Ɓoye boye shekaru da suka wuce.
Idan aka kwatanta da boye-boye 40-bit, boye-boye 128-bit yana bayar da ƙarin raguwa 88 na tsawon maɓallin. Wannan fassara zuwa 2 88 ko wandapping
309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056
Ƙarin hada-hadar da ake buƙata don ƙwaƙwalwa. Wasu aikin sarrafawa a kan na'urori yana faruwa ne yayin da suke da ɓoyewa da ƙaddamar da sakonnin saƙon tare da waɗannan maɓallan, amma amfanin da ya fi tsada fiye da farashin.