A cikin sadarwar kwamfuta, topology yana nufin layout na na'urorin haɗi. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da asali na sadarwar.
Topology a Design Network
Ka yi la'akari da zanewa a matsayin hanyar kamara ta hanyar sadarwa ko tsari. Wannan siffar ba dole ba ne ya dace da ainihin tsarin jiki na na'urorin a kan hanyar sadarwa. Alal misali, kwakwalwa a cibiyar sadarwar gida zasu iya shirya a cikin da'ira a ɗakin iyali, amma zai zama mai yiwuwa ba zai iya samun ilimin lissafi a can ba.
Ana rarraba ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin wadannan nau'ikan iri masu biyowa:
- bas
- zobe
- star
- itace
- raga
Za a iya gina cibiyoyin sadarwa masu mahimmanci a matsayin matasan na biyu ko fiye daga cikin ƙananan asali.
Topology Bus
Cibiyoyin Bus (ba za a dame su ba tare da bashin tsarin kwamfuta) amfani da kashin baya don haɗa dukkan na'urori. Ɗaya guda na USB, ɗayan baya yana aiki a matsayin sadarwar sadarwar da aka haɗa da na'urorin haɗawa ko shiga tare da mai haɗawa ta hanyar sadarwa. Na'urar da ke son sadarwa tare da wani na'ura akan cibiyar sadarwa tana aika sako a kan waya wanda duk sauran na'urori ke gani, amma wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi yana yarda da aiwatar da sakon kawai.
Gidajin injunan Ethernet ba su da sauƙin shigarwa kuma basu buƙatar yin gyare-gyare da yawa idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") da 10Base-5 ("ThickNet") dukansu biyu sune zaɓuɓɓukan kebul na Ethernet shekaru da yawa da suka wuce don ƙananan bus. Duk da haka, tashoshin bas na aiki mafi kyau tare da iyakacin na'urorin. Idan fiye da wasu kwakwalwan kwarin gizon suna ƙara zuwa ƙananan cibiyar sadarwa, matsaloli na aiki zai iya haifar. Bugu da ƙari, idan ɓangaren kashin baya ya kasa, dukan cibiyar sadarwa ta zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba.
Misali: Tasirin Topology na Bus
Ring Topology
A cikin sautin ringi, kowane na'ura tana da ƙauyuka biyu don sadarwa. Duk saƙonni suna tafiya ta zobe a cikin wannan hanya (ko dai "clockwise" ko "counterclockwise"). Rashin gaza a cikin kowane kebul ko na'urar ya kakkarke madauki kuma zai iya ɗaukar dukan cibiyar sadarwa.
Don aiwatar da cibiyar sadarwar, mai amfani da fasaha FDDI, SONET , ko Token Ring . Ana samun ƙuƙwalwar ƙira a wasu gine-ginen ginin ko makarantun makaranta.
Misali: Ring Topology Diagram
Star Topology
Yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa na gida suna amfani da labarun tauraron. Cibiyar tauraron cibiyar sadarwa tana da siffar tsakiyar abin da ake kira "ƙofar birni" wanda zai iya zama cibiyar sadarwa , sauyawa ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa . Kayan aiki yawanci suna haɗawa da ɗakin tare da Ethernet Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.
Idan aka kwatanta da topology bas, cibiyar sadarwa tana buƙatar karin USB, amma rashin cin nasara a kowace cibiyar sadarwa na intanet za ta iya sauke hanyar sadarwa ɗaya daga kwamfuta amma ba duka LAN . (Idan ɓangaren ya kasa, duk da haka, duk cibiyar yanar gizon ta kasa kasa.)
Hoton hoto: Star Topology Diagram
Tree Topology
Tsarin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire yana haɗuwa da kwakwalwa da yawa tare da bas. A cikin mafi sauƙin tsari, kawai na'urori masu linzami suna haɗi kai tsaye zuwa itacen bas, kuma kowane ɗakin yana aiki kamar tushen bishiyar na'urorin. Wannan matsala na bus din / star yana tallafawa fadada cibiyar sadarwa fiye da bas (iyaka a cikin yawan na'urorin saboda watsa shirye-shiryen watsa labarai yana haifar da shi) ko tauraron (iyakancewa ta adadin abubuwan haɗi) kawai.
Hotuna: Tsarin Topology Tree
Hanyar Talla
Ma'anar da aka ba da ita ta gabatar da manufofin hanyoyin. Ba kamar kowane ɓangaren da aka rigaya ba, saƙonni da aka aika a cibiyar sadarwar kuɗi zai iya ɗaukar kowane hanyoyi masu yawa daga hanyar zuwa makoma. (Ka tuna cewa ko da a cikin zobe, ko da yake akwai hanyoyi guda biyu, hanyoyin sadarwa kawai suna tafiya a daya hanya.) Wasu WAN , mafi mahimmancin Intanet, suna amfani da kwatance ta hanyar tarho.
Hanyar sadarwar da aka haɗa da kowace na'urar ta haɗa da kowane ɗayan yana mai kira cikakken layi. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane-zane a cikin ƙasa, cibiyoyin sadarwar miki ba su wanzu wanda wasu na'urori ke haɗawa kawai a kaikaice zuwa wasu.
Misali: Mish Topology Diagram
Takaitaccen
Topology ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na ka'idar zane-zane. Kila za ku iya gina gida ko ƙananan hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta ba tare da fahimtar bambanci tsakanin tsarin motar ba da kuma zane mai hoto, amma sanin sababbin ka'idojin da ke ba ku fahimtar muhimmancin sadarwar sadarwar kamar kamfanoni, watsa labarai, da hanyoyi.