Ikon Ethernet da yawa daga cikin cibiyoyin yankuna na duniya
Domin shekarun da dama, Ethernet ya tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi mai sauri, kuma mashahuriyar fasahar LAN. Wannan koyaswar ya bayyana ainihin aikin Ethernet da kuma yadda za a iya amfani dasu a gida da kasuwancin kasuwanci.
Tarihin Ethernet
Masanan injiniya Bob Metcalfe da DR Boggs suka fara inganta Ethernet da suka fara a shekara ta 1972. An kafa ka'idodin masana'antu bisa ga aikin su a 1980 a karkashin IEEE 802.3 na takamaiman bayani. Ƙayyadaddun bayanin Ethernet sun nuna ladabi da ƙananan labarun watsa bayanai da kuma masu sana'a na ƙwarewar fasaha su bukaci sanin kayan aikin Ethernet kamar katunan da igiyoyi.
Fasaha ta Ethernet ya samo asali kuma yayi girma a tsawon lokaci. Ƙwararrun mabukaci na iya dogara da samfurori na kayan Ethernet don aiki kamar yadda aka tsara kuma suyi aiki tare da juna.
Ethernet Technology
Ethernet na gargajiya yana tallafawa canja wurin bayanai a cikin nauyin 10 megabits da na biyu (Mbps) . Kamar yadda aikin da ake bukata na cibiyoyin sadarwa ya karu a tsawon lokaci, masana'antu sun samar da ƙarin bayani na Ethernet don Fast Ethernet da Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet yana ƙara Ethernet na zamani har zuwa 100 Mbps da Gigabit Ethernet har zuwa 1000 Mbps gudu. Kodayake samfurori ba su samuwa ga mabukaci mai mahimmanci, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps) ma wanzu kuma ana amfani da su a wasu hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma Intanit2.
Ana kirkirar igiyoyi na Ethernet zuwa kowane bayani na musamman. Ƙasar Ethernet mafi mashahuri a cikin amfani da yanzu, Siffar 5 ko CAT5 , tana goyan bayan gargajiya da Fast Ethernet. Siffofin 5 (CAT5e) da CAT6 suna goyon bayan Gigabit Ethernet.
Don haɗa igiyoyi Ethernet zuwa kwamfutar (ko wasu na'urorin sadarwa), mutum yana haɗakar da kebul a cikin tashar Ethernet ta na'urar. Wasu na'urori ba tare da goyon bayan Ethernet ba zasu iya tallafawa haɗin Ethernet ta hanyar dongles irin su masu adaftar USB-to-Ethernet . Harsunan Ethernet suna amfani da haɗin da suke kama da mai amfani da RJ-45 da aka yi amfani da su ta wayar tarho.
Ga dalibai: A cikin tsarin OSI, fasaha na Ethernet yana aiki a layin sakonni na jiki da bayanai - Layer Daya da biyu bi da bi. Ethernet yana goyan bayan dukkanin cibiyar sadarwar da aka fi sani da TCP / IP .
Nau'in Ethernet
Sau da yawa ana kiransa Thicknet, 10Base5 shine farkon jiki na Ethernet fasaha. Kamfanin ya yi amfani da Thicknet a cikin shekarun 1980 har sai 10Base2 Thinnet ya bayyana. Idan aka kwatanta da Thicknet, Thinnet ya ba da amfani da thinner (5 millimeters vs 10 millimeters) kuma mafi m cabling, sa shi sauki ga gidan waya ofisoshin na Ethernet.
Mafi yawan al'ada na Ethernet na zamani, duk da haka, shine 10Base-T. 10Base-T yana bada mafi kyawun kayan lantarki fiye da Thicknet ko Thinnet, domin ma'anar 10Base-T suna amfani da nau'in haɗi maras kyau (UTP) maimakon macce. 10Base-T kuma ya tabbatar da kudin da ya fi dacewa da hanyoyin da za a yi kamar fiber optic cabling.
Yawancin wasu ka'idodin Ethernet da aka fi sani da su, ciki har da 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB, da 10Base-FP don cibiyoyin fiber optic da 10Broad36 don kebul na USB. Dukkanin al'adun gargajiya da suka gabata, ciki har da 10Base-T an yi su da sauri ta hanyar Fast and Gigabit Ethernet.
More Game da Fast Ethernet
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, fasaha na Fast Ethernet ya tsufa kuma ya sadu da burin zane na a) ƙarfafa aikin Ethernet na gargajiya yayin da b) ya guje wa buƙatar sake sake lalata hanyoyin sadarwar Ethernet. Fast Ethernet ya zo a cikin manyan manyan abubuwa guda biyu:
- 100Base-T (ta yin amfani da kebul na biyu wanda ba a haɗa shi ba)
- 100Base-FX (ta amfani da fiber optic cable)
A mafi yawancin waɗannan sune 100Base-T, misali wanda ya hada da 100Base-TX (Category 5 UTP), 100Base-T2 (Category 3 ko mafi kyau UTP), da 100Base-T4 (100Base-T2 ana gyarawa don haɗawa da ƙarin ƙarin biyu waya nau'i-nau'i).
Ƙarin Game da Gigabit Ethernet
Duk da yake Fast Ethernet inganta Ethernet na gargajiya daga 10 Megabit zuwa 100 Megabit gudun, Gigabit Ethernet yana ci gaba da inganta irin wannan tsari a kan Fast Ethernet ta hanyar bada gudun tseren 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet da farko an fara shi ne don yin tafiya a kan maɓalli da kuma jan karfe, amma daidaitattun 1000Base-T yana goyon bayan shi. 1000Base-T tana amfani da kamfani na Category 5 kamar na Ethernet Ethernet 100, kodayake samun gudunmawar sauri yana buƙatar amfani da ƙarin nau'i-nau'i na waya.
Ethernet Topologies da ladabi
Ethernet na Traditional yayi amfani da bas na bas, yana nufin cewa duk na'urori ko runduna a kan hanyar sadarwa suna amfani da wannan layin sadarwa. Kowane na'urar yana da adireshin Ethernet, wanda aka sani da adireshin MAC . Aika na'urori suna amfani da adireshin Ethernet don saka ainihin mai karɓa saƙonni.
Bayanin da aka aika akan Ethernet ya wanzu a cikin nau'i na alamu. Filayen Ethernet yana dauke da rubutun kai, ɓangaren bayanai, da kuma ƙafafun da ke da haɗin haɗe fiye da 1500 bytes. Rubutun na Ethernet ya ƙunshi adiresoshin masu karɓa da mai aikawa.
Bayanan da aka aika a kan Ethernet an watsa ta atomatik zuwa duk na'urorin a kan hanyar sadarwa. Ta hanyar kwatanta adireshin Ethernet da adireshin a cikin maɓallin kewayawa, kowane na'ura na Ethernet yana gwada kowace ƙira don ƙayyade idan aka nufa su kuma ya karanta ko ya ɓace fom din kamar yadda ya dace. Masu adaftar cibiyar sadarwa sun haɗa wannan aikin a cikin hardware.
Kayan aiki da ke son aikawa a cikin Ethernet farko sun fara dubawa don sanin ko mai matsakaici yana samuwa ko kuma ana cigaba da watsawa a halin yanzu. Idan Ethernet yana samuwa, na'urar aikawa ta watsa akan waya. Zai yiwu, duk da haka, na'urorin biyu za su yi wannan gwaji a kusan lokaci guda kuma duka biyu suna aikawa a lokaci guda.
Ta hanyar zane, a matsayin aikin cinikayya, daidaitattun Ethernet ba zai hana karbar lokaci daya ba. Wadanda ake kira collisions, lokacin da suka faru, haifar da duka watsawa don kasawa kuma suna buƙatar duka aika da na'urorin su sake watsawa. Ethernet yana amfani da algorithm dangane da lokacin jinkirta don ƙayyade lokacin dacewa tsakanin sake watsawa. Har ila yau, adaftar cibiyar sadarwa yana aiwatar da wannan algorithm.
A cikin Ethernet na gargajiya, wannan tsari don watsa shirye-shiryen, sauraron, da kuma gano haɗuwa da ake kira CSMA / CD (Sigar Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). Wasu sababbin siffofin Ethernet ba su yi amfani da CSMA / CD ba. Maimakon haka, suna amfani da ƙirar Ethernet wanda ake kira dulllex, wanda ke goyan bayan saƙonni mai zuwa zuwa lokaci daya kuma ya karɓa ba tare da sauraron da ake buƙata ba.
Ƙari game da Ethernet Devices
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ana iya iyakokin igiyoyin Ethernet a iyakar su, kuma waɗannan nisa (kamar gajeren mita 100) ba su isa ba don rufe hanyoyin sadarwa na matsakaici da manyan. Mai sarrafawa a cibiyar sadarwa na Ethernet shine na'urar da ta ba da damar yin amfani da igiyoyi masu yawa da kuma mafi girman nisa da za a lalace. Na'urar gada yana iya haɗawa da Ethernet zuwa wata hanyar sadarwa ta daban, irin su cibiyar sadarwar waya. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun irin na'ura mai maimaitawa ita ce cibiyar Ethernet. Sauran na'urorin wasu lokuta damuwa tare da ɗakuna suna sauyawa da kuma hanyoyin .
Har ila yau, hanyoyin sadarwa na Ethernet suna wanzu a cikin siffofin da yawa. Kwamfuta na kwakwalwa na yau da kullum da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasa sun haɗa da adaftar Ethernet da aka gina. Ana iya daidaita adaftan USB da zuwa Ethernet da masu amfani da Ethernet mara waya don suyi aiki tare da sababbin na'urori.
Takaitaccen
Ethernet yana ɗaya daga cikin fasaha na Intanit. Duk da ci gabanta, Ethernet ya ci gaba da iko da yawancin cibiyoyi na gida na duniya kuma yana ci gaba da ingantawa don saduwa da bukatun nan gaba don sadarwar haɗin kai.