Kutsoyin yanar gizo sune aikace-aikace na lalata kayan aiki wanda aka tsara don yadawa ta hanyar cibiyoyin kwamfuta. Kutsoyin yanar gizo sune nau'i na malware tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma trojans .
Yadda Kwamfuta Kwayoyin Wuta yake
Mutum yakan kafa tsutsotsi ta hanyar buɗewa da budewa da imel wanda aka haɗa ko sakon da ya ƙunshi rubutun masu aiki. Da zarar an shigar da su a kwamfuta, tsutsotsi suna ba da ƙarin saƙonnin imel wanda ke dauke da kofe na kututture. Suna iya buɗe tashoshin TCP don ƙirƙirar ramukan tsaro don wasu aikace-aikacen, kuma suna iya ƙoƙarin yin ambaliyar LAN tare da rarraba bayanai na Kasuwanci (DoS) .
Shahararrun Worms
Cikakken Morris ya bayyana ne a shekara ta 1988 lokacin da dalibi mai suna Robert Morris ya halicci kututture kuma ya saki shi a kan Intanit daga cibiyar sadarwa ta jami'a. Yayinda farko bai zama marar kyau ba, kututture ya fara fara yin kwafin kansa kan saitunan intanit na ranar (watau yanar gizo na yanar gizo ), wanda hakan ya sa sun dakatar da aiki saboda rashin albarkatun.
An gane girman tasiri na wannan harin saboda tsutsotsi na kwamfuta ya zama babban ra'ayi ga jama'a. Bayan an hukunta shi da tsarin doka na Amurka, Robert Morris ya sake sake gina aikinsa kuma ya zama Farfesa a wannan makaranta (MIT) inda ya samo asali.
Rediyon Red ya bayyana a shekara ta 2001. Ya ɓatar da daruruwan dubban tsarin a kan Intanet da ke gudanar da yanar gizo na Intanit na IIS, suna canza tsoffin ɗakin gida zuwa shahararren magana
YADDA! Barka da zuwa http://www.worm.com! Hacked By Sinanci!
Wannan tsutsa an labafta shi bayan shahararren abincin abin sha.
Rikicin Nimda (mai suna ta juyawa haruffan kalma "admin") ya bayyana a shekara ta 2001. Ya kamo kwakwalwar Windows wanda aka samo ta Intanit, ya haifar da bude wasu imel ko shafukan yanar gizo, kuma ya haifar da rushewa fiye da Code Red a baya cewa shekara.
Stuxnet ya kai hari ga makaman nukiliya a kasar Iran, inda ya ke amfani da kayan da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin tashoshin masana'antu fiye da saitunan Intanit na yau da kullum. Idan aka sanya shi a cikin ƙididdigar asirin ƙasa da ɓoyewa, fasaha a baya Stuxnet yana nuna kyakkyawan kwarewa amma cikakkun bayanai cikakke bazai iya zama cikakke ba.
Kare Kutsotsi
Da yake sanyawa a cikin software na yau da kullum, tsutsotsi na yanar gizo sauƙi shiga mafi yawan hanyoyin wuta da sauran matakan tsaro. Shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen software na rigakafi don magance tsutsotsi da ƙwayoyin cuta; Ana amfani da wannan software akan kwakwalwa ta hanyar samun damar Intanet.
Microsoft da sauran sana'o'i masu sarrafawa a kai a kai suna saki samfurori tare da gyaran da aka tsara don kariya daga tsutsotsi da sauran tsaro marasa tsaro. Masu amfani ya kamata su sabunta tsarin su tare da wadannan alamomi don inganta yanayin kariya.
Yawancin tsutsotsi suna yada ta hanyar fayiloli mara kyau a haɗe zuwa imel. Ka guji buɗe adireshin imel da aka aika ta hanyar da ba'a sani ba: Idan a cikin shakka, kada ka bude takardun haɗi - masu fashewa suna rarraba su don bayyana kamar yadda ba zai yiwu ba.