Adireshin Gidajen Jirgin Intanit (MAC) shi ne lambar binary da aka amfani dashi don ganewa da adaftan cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta. Wadannan lambobi (wani lokaci ana kira "adiresoshin kayan aiki" ko "adiresoshin jiki") suna sakawa cikin hardware na cibiyar sadarwar yayin aikin sarrafawa, ko adana a cikin firmware, kuma an tsara don kada a gyara su.
Wasu kuma suna magana da su a matsayin "Ethernet adireshin" don dalilan tarihi, amma yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwa duk suna amfani da maganganun MAC ciki har da Ethernet , Wi-Fi , da Bluetooth .
Tsarin adireshin MAC
Adireshin MAC al'ada suna da lambobi 12 (6 bytes ko 48 bits ) lambobin hexadecimal . Ta hanyar yarjejeniya, ana rubuta su a cikin ɗaya daga cikin wadannan matakai uku masu zuwa:
- MM: MM: MM: SS: SS: SS
- MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS
- MMM.MMM.SSS.SSS
Haɗin hagu 6 (24 ragowa) da ake kira "prefix" an hade shi da maɓallin adaftan. Kowane mai sayarwa yana rajista kuma ya sami prefixes na MAC kamar yadda IEEE ya sanya. Masu sayarwa suna mallaka yawan lambobi masu yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da samfurori daban-daban. Alal misali, prefixes 00:13:10, 00: 25: 9C da 68: 7F: 74 (da yawa wasu) duk na Linksys ( Cisco Systems ).
Lambobi masu mahimmanci na adireshin MAC suna wakiltar lambar shaidar shaidar takamaiman na'urar. Daga cikin dukkan na'urorin da aka haifa tare da maƙalar mai sayarwa guda ɗaya, an ba kowannensu nasu samfurin 24-bit. Lura cewa hardware daga tallace-tallace daban-daban na iya faruwa don raba raɗin ɓangaren ƙungiyar na adireshin.
Adireshin MAC 64-bit
Duk da yake adireshin gargajiya na MAC duk tsawonsu 48 ne, wasu nau'ikan cibiyoyin sadarwa suna buƙatar adireshin 64-bit. ZigBee mara waya ta gida da kuma wasu kamfanonin da suka dace da IEEE 802.15.4, misali, suna buƙatar adireshin MAC 64-bit da za a saita a kan kayan na'urori.
TCP / IP cibiyoyin sadarwa da ke kan IPv6 kuma aiwatar da wani tsarin daban-daban don sadarwa MAC adireshin idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada IPv4 . Maimakon adireshin injuna na 64-bit, ko da yake, IPv6 ta atomatik fassara adireshin MAC mai 48-bit zuwa adireshin 64-bit ta hanyar saka FFFE mai lamba 16-bit mai tsaka-tsaki tsakanin mai sayarwa da mai amfani da na'urar. IPv6 tana kira wadannan lambobin "lambobi" don rarrabe su daga ainihin adireshin hardware na 64-bit.
Alal misali, adireshin MAC mai 48-bit 00: 25: 96: 12: 34: 56 ya bayyana a cibiyar sadarwar IPv6 kamar yadda aka rubuta a ko dai daga waɗannan siffofin biyu:
- 00: 25: 96: FF: FE: 12: 34: 56
- 0025: 96FF: FE12: 3456
MAC vs. Adireshin Adireshin IP
Cibiyoyin TCP / IP suna amfani da adiresoshin MAC da adiresoshin IP amma don dalilai daban. Adireshin MAC ya kasance mai gyarawa ga kayan aiki na na'urar yayin da adireshin IP don wannan na'ura za a iya canzawa dangane da tsari na TCP / IP. Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Media Media tana aiki a Layer 2 na tsarin OSI yayin da layin Intanet ke aiki a Layer 3 . Wannan yana bada damar magance MAC don tallafawa wasu nau'ikan cibiyoyin sadarwa banda TCP / IP.
Cibiyoyin IP suna gudanar da fassarar tsakanin adireshin IP da MAC ta yin amfani da Bayanin Adireshin Adireshin (ARP) . Cibiyar Gudanarwar Cibiyar Gizon Dynamic (DHCP) ta dogara ga ARP don gudanar da aikin musamman ga adiresoshin IP ga na'urorin.
MAC Cloning Cloning
Wasu masu ba da sabis na Intanet suna danganta kowane asusun abokan ciniki na mazaunin su zuwa adireshin MAC na afaretan hanyar sadarwar gida (ko wata hanyar ƙofar hanyar). Adireshin da mai baiwa ya gani bai canza ba sai abokin ciniki ya sauya ƙofar, kamar ta shigar da sabon na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa . Lokacin da aka canja wurin ƙofar zama, mai ba da Intanit yanzu yana ganin adireshin MAC daban daban da aka ruwaito kuma ya kaddamar da wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar intanet.
Wata hanyar da ake kira "cloning" ta magance wannan matsala ta hanyar samar da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don ci gaba da bayar da rahoto ga tsoffin adireshin MAC ga mai badawa duk da cewa adireshin hardware ɗinsa ya bambanta. Masu gudanarwa za su iya saita na'ura mai ba da hanya ta hanyar sadarwa (zaton cewa yana goyon bayan wannan siffar, kamar yadda mutane da yawa ke yi) don amfani da zaɓi na rufewa kuma shigar da adireshin MAC na tsohuwar ƙofar cikin allon sanyi. Lokacin da cloning bai samuwa ba, dole ne abokin ciniki ya tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis don yin rajistar sabon na'ura a filin.