Gabatarwar
Kashewar hex yana kallon bayanai ne na hexadecimal. Kuna so a yi amfani da hexadecimal lokacin da zazzage wani shirin ko kuma juya engineer wani shirin.
Alal misali, yawancin fayilolin fayilolin suna da takamaiman haruffan hex don nuna alamun su. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin karanta fayil ta amfani da shirin kuma don wasu dalili ba a yi daidai ba, yana iya cewa fayil ɗin ba a cikin tsarin da kuke sa ran ba.
Idan kana so ka ga yadda shirin yake aiki kuma ba ka da lambar tushe ko wani ɓangaren software wanda ke warware masu aikin injiniya lambar, za ka iya duba dudduran hex don gwadawa da kuma aikin abin da ke faruwa.
Mene ne Hexadecimal?
Kwamfuta suna tunani akan binary . Kowane hali, lambar, da alama alama ce ta bin binary ko lambobi binary masu yawa.
Dukkan mutane, duk da haka, suna yin la'akari da ƙima.
| Dubban | Daruruwan | Dubun | Units |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kamar yadda mutane, ana kiran ƙananan lambobin da ake kira raka'a kuma wakilci lambobi 0 zuwa 9. Lokacin da muka isa 10 mun sake saita sassan layi zuwa 0 kuma ƙara 1 zuwa goma shamsin (10).
| 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
A cikin binary, lambar mafi ƙasƙanci kawai tana wakiltar 0 da 1. Lokacin da muka wuce 1 mun sanya 1 a cikin shafi na 2 da kuma 0 a cikin shafi 1. Lokacin da kake so ka wakilci 4 sai ka saka 1 a cikin shafi 4 kuma sake saita sakon 2 da 1.
Saboda haka don wakiltar 15 za ku sami 1111 wanda ke tsaye ga 1 8, 1 hudu, 1 biyu da 1. (8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15).
Idan muka kalli fayil din bayanai a cikin tsarin binary zai zama babbar babbar kuma kusan ba zai iya yiwuwa ba.
Mataki na gaba daga binary shi ne octal, wanda ke amfani da 8 a matsayin lambar tushe.
| 24 | 16 | 8 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A cikin wata octal tsarin shafi na farko yana daga 0 zuwa 7, ɗayan na biyu shine 8 zuwa 15, na uku shafi na 16 zuwa 23 da na hudu shafi na 24 zuwa 31 da sauransu. Yayinda sauƙin sauƙaƙa don karantawa fiye da binary mafi yawan mutane sun fi son yin amfani da hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal yana amfani da 16 a matsayin lambar tushe. Yanzu wannan shine wurin da yake damuwa saboda a matsayin mutane muna tunanin yawan lambobi daga 0 zuwa 9.
Don haka menene ake amfani da su 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15? Amsar ita ce haruffa.
- 0 = 0
- 1 = 1
- 2 = 2
- 3 = 3
- 4 = 4
- 5 = 5
- 6 = 6
- 7 = 7
- 8 = 8
- 9 = 9
- 10 = A
- 11 = B
- 12 = C
- 13 = D
- 14 = E
- 15 = F
Hakanan ya zama madaidaicin 100. 64. Kuna buƙatar 6 na rukunin 16 wanda ya kawo 96 sannan 4 a cikin sassan layi na yin 100.
Dukkanin haruffan a cikin fayil za a nuna su ta hanyar haɗin hexadecimal. Abin da waɗannan dabi'u suke dogara ne akan tsarin fayil din kanta. Tsarin fayil ɗin yana ƙaddamar da dabi'un hexadecimal waɗanda aka ajiye su a farkon fayil ɗin.
Tare da sanin ilimin lissafin hexadecimal wanda ya bayyana a farkon fayiloli, zaku iya aiki tare da yadda tsarin fayil ɗin yake cikin. Duba fayil a cikin jigon hex zai iya taimaka maka samun haruffan boye waɗanda basu nuna lokacin da fayil din yake ba da aka ɗora a cikin editan rubutu na al'ada.
Yadda za a ƙirƙirar Girasar Hex Ta amfani da Linux
Don ƙirƙirar jigilar hex ta yin amfani da Linux amfani da umarnin hexdump.
Don nuna fayil a matsayin hex zuwa m (fitarwa na kwarai) gudu da umurnin mai biyowa:
sunan fayil din shixdump
Misali
hexdump image.png
Kayan aiki na tsoho zai nuna lamba (a cikin tsarin hexadecimal) sannan kuma 8 samfurori na 4 hexadecimal dabi'u ta layi.
Misali:
00000000 5089 474e 0a0d 0a1a 0000 0d00 4849 5244
Zaka iya bayar da sauyawa daban don canja kayan aiki na baya. Alal misali ƙayyadewa ƙananan sauyawa zai samar da ƙarin farashin 8 tare da 16 shafi uku, nau'i nau'i, ƙananan bayanan shigarwa a cikin tsarin ƙaho.
hexdump -b image.png
Saboda haka misali na sama yanzu za a wakilta kamar haka:
00000000 211 120 116 107 015 012 032 012 000 000 000 015 111 110 104 122
Tsarin da aka tsara a matsayin wanda aka sani da alamar octal daya-byte.
Wata hanyar da za a duba fayil ɗin tana cikin nuna hali na daya-daya ta amfani da sauya min.
hexdump -c image.png
Wannan kuma yana nuna yanayin biya amma wannan lokaci ya biyo bayan sararin samaniya guda goma sha takwas, rabi uku, nau'in sararin samaniya na bayanan shigarwa da layi.
Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka sun hada da Canonical hex + ascii wanda za'a iya nunawa ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin C da maɓallin adadi biyu-byte wanda za'a iya nunawa ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin d. Za'a iya amfani da ƙananan canji don nuna alamar octal biyu-byte. A ƙarshe za a iya amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar minux x don nuna alamar hexadecim na biyu.
hexdump -C image.png
hexdump -d image.png
hexdump -o image.png
hexdump -x image.png
Idan babu wani daga cikin samfurin da ke sama ya dace da buƙatarku don ku yi amfani da ƙananan canje-canje don kunna tsarin.
Idan kun san fayil din bayanai yana da tsawo sosai kuma kuna son ganin 'yan haruffa na farko don ƙayyade irinta za ku iya amfani da -n canzawa don ƙayyade yawancin fayiloli don nunawa a hex.
hexdump -n100 image.png
Umurin da ke sama ya nuna adadin ɗari dari.
Idan kuna so ku tsayar da wani ɓangare na fayil ɗin zaka iya amfani da maɓallin ƙararrawa don saita azabar don farawa daga.
hexdump -s10 image.png
Idan ba ku samar da sunan filename rubutu an karanta daga shigarwar daidaituwa ba.
Kawai shigar da umurnin mai zuwa:
yanki
Sa'an nan kuma shigar da rubutun zuwa shigarwar daidaitattun kuma ƙare ta hanyar bugawa bugawa. Za a nuna shex ɗin zuwa ga fitarwa.
Takaitaccen
Mai amfani da shi a fili yana da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci kuma lallai ya kamata ka karanta littafi mai shiryarwa don samun cikakkun bayanai tare da duk siffofin.
Har ila yau kuna bukatar fahimtar abin da kuke nema lokacin karatun kayan aiki.
Don duba littafin jagora yana gudanar da umurnin mai zuwa:
mutum hexdump