Yawancin mutane suna duban tsawo na fayil kuma sannan su yi tunanin irin fayil ɗin daga wannan layi. Alal misali lokacin da kake ganin fayil tare da tsawo na gif, jpg, bmp ko kuma idan zaka ga fayil din hotunan kuma lokacin da ka ga fayil din tare da tsawo na zip ka ɗauka cewa an kunshe fayil ɗin ta amfani da amfani na zip .
A gaskiya fayil zai iya samun tsawo ɗaya amma ya zama abu daban-daban kuma idan fayil bai da tsawo ba za ku iya ƙayyade nau'in fayil ɗin?
A cikin Linux za ka iya gano ainihin fayil ɗin fayil ta amfani da umarnin fayil.
Yadda Dokar Fayil din ke aiki
Bisa ga takardun, umarnin fayil yana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje uku a kan fayil:
- tsarin gwajin fayil
- gwajin sihiri
- gwajin harshe
Saitin farko na gwaje-gwaje don dawo da saƙo mai inganci yana sa saitin fayil ya buga.
Kwayoyin tsarin fayil sun gwada dawowa daga kira tsarin tsarin. Shirin yana duba idan fayil ɗin bai komai ba kuma ko fayil din na musamman ne. Idan nau'in fayil ɗin yana samuwa a cikin fayil din jagoran tsarin za'a mayar da ita azaman nau'in fayil mai aiki.
Gwajin sihiri yana duba abinda ke ciki na fayil kuma musamman 'yan' yan kaɗan a farkon wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙayyade nau'in fayil ɗin. Akwai fayiloli daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don taimakawa wajen daidaita fayil tare da nau'in fayil ɗin kuma an ajiye su a / sauransu / sihiri, / usr / share / misc / magic.mgc, / usr / share / misc / magic. Zaka iya soke wadannan fayiloli ta hanyar ajiye fayil a cikin gidanka mai suna $ HOME / .magic.mgc ko $ HOME / .magic.
Sakamakon karshe shine gwajin harshe. Ana duba fayil din don ganin idan fayil din rubutu ne. Ta hanyar gwada ƙananan ƙananan fayiloli na fayil ɗin zaka iya cire ko ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16 ko a wani tsarin wanda ya tsara fayil a matsayin fayil ɗin rubutu. Da zarar an cire fasalin hali sai an gwada fayil ɗin a kan harsuna daban-daban. Misali shi ne shirin fayil din.
Idan babu wani gwaje-gwajen da ke aiki da kayan aiki shi ne kawai bayanai.
Yadda za a yi amfani da Umurnin Fayil
Ana iya amfani da umarnin fayil kamar haka:
file filename
Alal misali zakuyi fayil ɗin da ake kira file1 za ku bi umarnin nan:
fayil file1
Da fitarwa zai zama wani abu kamar haka:
file1: PNG image image, 640 x 341, 8-bit / launi RGB, ba interlaced
Kayan kayan aiki da aka nuna yana ƙayyade file1 don zama fayil ɗin hoto ko kuma ya zama daidaiccen fayil din mai sarrafawa mai ɗaukar hoto (PNG).
Nau'in fayiloli daban daban suna samar da sakamakon daban-daban kamar haka:
- Nau'in fayil na ISO - DOS / MBR rukunin kamfanonin ISO 9660 CD-ROM fayiloli tsarin fayilolin 'lakabi' (bootable); rabuwa 2: ID = 0xef, fara-CHS (0x3ff, 254,63), ƙarshen CHS (0x3ff, 4.63) mai shiga 1496, 4736 sassa
- Nau'in fayil na ODS - OpenDocument Shafin rubutu
- Nau'in fayil na PDF - PDF Document, version 1.4
- Nau'in fayil na CSV - rubutun ASCII, tare da layin dogon lokaci, tare da alamun layin CRLF
Siffanta Ayyukan Daga Dokar Umurnin
Ta hanyar tsoho, umarnin fayil yana samar da sunan fayil sannan kuma duk bayanan da ke sama da fayil din. Idan kana son cikakken bayani ba tare da sunan fayil da aka yi amfani da ita ba, to amfani da sauyawa mai zuwa:
file -b file1
Da fitarwa zai zama wani abu kamar haka:
Bayanan hoton PNG, 640 x 341, 8-bit / launi RGB, wanda ba a haɗa ba
Hakanan zaka iya canza delimiter tsakanin sunan fayil da nau'in.
Ta hanyar tsohuwar, mai kulawa shi ne haɗin (:) amma zaka iya canza shi zuwa duk abin da kake son kamar alamar motar kamar haka:
fayil -F '|' file1
Kayan aikin zai zama abu kamar haka:
file1 | Bayanan hoton PNG, 640 x 341, 8-bit / launi RGB, wanda ba a haɗa ba
Ana sarrafa manyan fayiloli
Ta hanyar tsoho, za ku yi amfani da umarnin fayil akan fayil guda. Za ka iya, duk da haka, saka wani sunan fayil wanda ya ƙunshi jerin fayilolin da za a sarrafa ta umarnin fayil:
A matsayin misali bude fayil da ake kira testfiles ta amfani da editan nano kuma ƙara waɗannan layi zuwa gare shi:
- / sauransu / passwd
- /etc/pam.conf
- / sauransu / fita
Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma gudanar da umarnin fayil na gaba:
fayil -f testfiles
Da fitarwa zai zama wani abu kamar haka:
/ sauransu / passwd: rubutu ASCII
/etc/pam.conf: ASCII rubutu
/ sauransu / fita: shugabanci
Fayilolin da aka matsa
By tsoho lokacin da kake gudanar da umarnin fayil a kan fayil mai kunshe za ku ga kayan aiki irin wannan:
file.zip: ZIP archive bayanai, a kalla V2.0 don cire
Yayin da wannan ya gaya maka cewa fayil ɗin wani fayil ne na ajiya wanda ba ka san ainihin abinda ke ciki ba. Kuna iya duba cikin fayil ɗin zip ɗin don ganin fayilolin fayiloli na fayiloli a cikin fayil ɗin da aka matsa.
Umarnin da ya biyo baya yana aiwatar da umarnin fayil akan fayiloli a cikin fayil ZIP:
fayil -z filename
Sakamako zai nuna fayilolin fayiloli a cikin tarihin.
Takaitaccen
Gaba ɗaya, mafi yawan mutane za su yi amfani da umarnin fayil kawai don su sami nau'ikan fayil ɗin na ainihi amma don neman ƙarin bayani game da dukan yiwuwar umarni na fayil ya ba da irin wannan zuwa cikin maɓallin haske:
man fayil