A Linux / Unix umurnin insmod ya kafa wani loadable module a cikin gudu kernel. insmod yayi ƙoƙari ya danganta wani ƙirar zuwa cikin kwayar gudu ta hanyar warware dukkan alamomin daga cikin allon alamar fitar da kernel.
Idan an ba sunan fayil na module ba tare da kundayen adireshi ko tsawo ba, insmod zai nemo ɗayan a cikin wasu kundayen adireshi na yau da kullum. Za'a iya amfani da MODPATH m yanayin yanayi don kare wannan tsoho. Idan fayilolin sanyi na asali kamar /etc/modules.conf ya kasance, zai shafe hanyoyi da aka tsara a cikin MODPATH .
Za'a iya amfani da MODULECONF m yanayin wuri don zaɓar fayil din sanyi daban daga tsoho /etc/modules.conf (ko /etc/conf.modules (deprecated)). Wannan yanayin zai canza dukkanin ma'anoni a sama.
Lokacin da aka saita yanayi mai lamba UNAME_MACHINE , alamu zasuyi amfani da darajar maimakon filin na'ura daga uname () syscall. Wannan yafi amfani dashi lokacin da kake tattara nau'in bitar 64-bit a cikin sararin mai amfani 32-bit ko kuma a madaidaiciya, saita UNAME_MACHINE zuwa irin nau'ukan. Masu amfani na yanzu ba su goyi bayan cikakken tsarin giciye don kayayyaki ba, yana iyakance ga zabar tsakanin 32- da 64-bit iri na gine-gine mai masauki.
Zabuka
-e persist_name , - mahimmanci = persist_name
Ya ƙayyade inda duk wani bayanan da aka ci gaba da shi don ƙirar an karanta daga kan nauyin kuma an rubuta shi lokacin da aka sauke wannan hoton ta atomatik. An yi watsi da wannan zaɓin idan ba'a da wani bayanan da ya kasance ba. Bayanai mai mahimmanci ne kawai aka karanta ta insmod idan wannan zaɓi ya kasance, ta hanyar tsoho insmod ba ya aiwatar da bayanai masu yawa.
A matsayin ɗan gajeren tsari , -e "" (nau'in maɗaukaki) ana fassara shi ta hanyar insmod kamar darajar ci gaba kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin modules.conf , sannan kuma sunan sunan fayil ɗin ya danganta da hanyar binciken da aka samo a ciki, ya rage kowane trailing ".gz", ".o" ko ".mod". Idan modules.conf ya ƙayyade " persistdir = " (watau persistdir wani fili ne komai) to, an yi watsi da wannan gajeren tsari. (Dubi modules.conf (5).)
-f , --force
Ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da tsarin koyaushe koda kuwa sarkin kernel mai gudana da kuma ɓangaren kernel wanda akidar da aka tattara ba su daidaita ba. Wannan kawai ya rinjaye kundin tsarin binciken kwayoyin, ba shi da wani tasiri a kan alamar alamar bincike. Idan sunayen alamomin a cikin rukunin ba su dace da kwaya ba to babu wata hanya ta tilasta insmod don ɗaukar nauyin.
-h , --help
Nuna taƙaitaccen zaɓuɓɓuka kuma nan da nan ya fita.
-k , - m
Saita tutar ta atomatik akan ɗayan. Za'a yi amfani da wannan tutar ta kerneld (8) don cire kayayyaki waɗanda ba'a amfani da su a wasu lokutan ba - yawanci guda daya.
-L , --lock
Yi amfani da garken (2) don hana nau'ikan lokaci guda daya.
-m , --map
Sakamakon taswirar taswira akan stdout, yana sa ya fi sauƙi don cire gurbin ɗigon ɗin a cikin wani abin tsoro na kernel.
-n , --noload
Gudun hanzari, yi duk abin da kaya ɗaukar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya cikin kwaya. Idan an buƙata ta -m ko -O , wannan gudu zai samar da taswirar ko fayiloli. Tun lokacin da ba'a ɗora wa ɗayan ɗin ba, ainihin adireshin kernel load din ba'a sani ba don haka taswirar da fayiloli na blob suna dogara ne akan adireshin caji na 0x12340000.
-o module_name , --name = module_name
A bayyane suna sunan basirar, maimakon samun sunan daga sunan asalin fayil din fayil.
-O blob_name , --blob = blob_name
Ajiye abu mai binary a blob_name . Sakamakon haka shi ne bidiyon binary (babu mai kula da ELF) da ke nuna ainihin abin da aka ɗora a cikin kwaya bayan gyare-gyare da kuma sake sashi. Zaɓin -M an bada shawara don samun taswirar abu.
-p , --probe
Nemo tsarin don ganin ko za'a iya ɗoraba da shi . Wannan ya haɗa da gano wurin fayil ɗin abu a hanyar hanya, duba lambobi, da kuma daidaita alamun. Ba ya kula da ƙaura ko kuma samar da taswirar ko fayiloli ba.
-P prefix , --prefix = prefix
Za'a iya amfani da wannan zaɓin tare da ƙananan fasali don SMP ko babban kullun, tun da irin waɗannan ƙananan suna da ƙarin kariyar da aka kara a sunayen alamarsu. Idan an gina kwaya tare da alamomin alamomi to sai insmod zai cire maɓallin farko daga ma'anar "get_module_symbol" ko "inter_module_get", ɗaya daga cikinsu dole ne ya kasance a kowace ƙwayar da ke goyan bayan ƙananan kayayyaki. Idan kernel ba shi da alamar alama amma an gina ɗayan ɗin tare da alamomin alama sai mai amfani dole ne ya samar da ita.
-q , -quiet
Kada a buga jerin jerin alamomin da ba a warware su ba. Kada ka yi koka game da mismatch. Matsalolin za a nuna kawai a cikin matsayi mai fita na insmod .
-r , - tushen
Wasu masu amfani suna tara ƙungiyoyi a ƙarƙashin wani mai amfani ba tare da tushen ba sannan kuma su sanya matakan a matsayin tushen. Wannan tsari zai iya barin ƙungiyoyi wanda mai amfani ba shi da tushe, ko da yake shugabanci yana da tushen. Idan wanda ba mai amfani da tushe ba shi da daidaituwa, mai bincike zai iya sake rubuta kalmomin da ke cikin wannan mai amfani da kuma amfani da wannan tasirin zuwa bootstrap har zuwa samun damar shiga.
Ta hanyar tsoho, masu amfani da fasahar za su ƙalubalanci ƙoƙarin yin amfani da wani ɓangaren da ba'a da tushe. Ƙayyade -r zai juya rajistan ka kuma ba da damar kafa ɗakunan da basu da tushe. Lura: Ƙimar da ta dace don rajistan tushen za'a iya canzawa lokacin da aka saita sauti.
Yin amfani da -r don musayar tushen tushen ko saita tsoho zuwa "babu tushen dubawa" a lokacin sanyi shine babbar ɗaukar tsaro kuma ba'a bada shawara.
-s , - syslog
Ana fitar da kome zuwa syslog (3) a maimakon m.
-S , --kallsyms
Ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don samun bayanai na kallsyms , ko da kullun baya tallafa shi. Wannan zabin shine ga kananan tsarin inda aka ɗebo kernel ba tare da bayanai na kallsyms ba amma zaɓaɓɓun kayan buƙata na buƙatar kallsyms don debugging. Wannan zaɓi shine tsoho a kan Red Hat Linux.
-v , --verbose
Be verbose.
-V , - juyawa
Nuna version of insmod .
-X , --export ; -x , --noexport
Yi kuma kada ku fitar da dukkan alamomin waje na naúrar, bi da bi. A tsoho shi ne don alamun da za a fitar. Wannan zaɓin yana da inganci kawai idan ɗayan ba ya fitar da kansa ta hanyar sarrafawa ta hanyar sarrafawa ba, kuma haka ya ɓace.
-Y , --ksymoops ; -y , --noksymoops
Yi kuma kada ku ƙara ksymoops alamomin zuwa ksyms. Wadannan alamomi suna amfani da ksymoops don samar da mafi kyawun lalacewa idan akwai wani Oops a wannan tsarin. Labaran shine don alamun ksymoops da za a bayyana. Wannan zaɓi shine mai zaman kanta daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan -X / -x .
Alamun ƙwaƙwalwar mawuyacin ƙara ƙara kimanin 260 bytes a ɗayan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Sai dai idan kun kasance a takaice a sararin samaniya kuma kuna ƙoƙari ku rage ksyms zuwa girmanta, ku ɗauki tsoho kuma ku sami ƙarin ƙira. Ana buƙatar alamomin ƙirar ƙira don buƙatar bayanan bayanan data.
-N , --numeric-kawai
Sai kawai bincika ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren na ɓangaren version a kan kernel version, watau watsi da EXTRAVERSION lokacin da za a yanke shawarar idan ɗayan yana cikin kyan zuma. An saita wannan tutar ta atomatik don kernel 2.5 a gaba, yana da zaɓi don kernels na baya.
Yanayin Matakan
Wasu ƙananan suna karɓar siginan lokaci-lokaci don tsara tsarin aiki. Wadannan sigogi ne sau da yawa I / O tashar jiragen ruwa da lambobin IRQ da suka bambanta daga na'ura zuwa na'ura kuma baza'a iya ƙayyade daga hardware ba.
A cikin ɗakunan da aka gina domin nau'in kernels na 2.0, za'a iya kula da kowane lamba ko alamar haruffa a matsayin saiti kuma an gyara shi. Da farko a cikin jerin nau'ikan kundin 2.1, alamun suna alamun alama a matsayin sigogi don haka za'a iya canza dabi'u kawai. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an samar da bayanin don duba lambobin da aka bayar a lokacin ƙwaƙwalwa.
A cikin yanayin lambobi, duk dabi'u na iya kasancewa a cikin adadi, octal ko hexadecimal a la C: 17, 021 ko 0x11. Bayanai masu rarraba suna ƙayyade jerin rabu da ƙira. Za'a iya sawa abubuwa ta hanyar tsallake darajar.
A cikin jerin nau'i na 2.0, dabi'u waɗanda ba su fara da lambar ba suna dauke da kirtani. Da farko a cikin 2.1, bayanin irin labaran ya nuna ko ya fassara darajar a matsayin kirtani. Idan darajar ta fara da sau biyu ( " ), an fassara ma'anar kamar C, tseren tsere da duka. Ka lura cewa daga harsashi na da sauri, ƙididdigar kansu na iya buƙata a kariya daga fassarar harsashi.
GPL Lissafin Abubuwan Lissafi da Alamomin
Farawa tare da kernel 2.4.10, matuka suna da lasisi lasisi, an yi amfani da su ta amfani da MODULE_LICENSE () . Ana gane nau'in igiyoyi masu yawa kamar yadda GPL ya dace; duk wani lasisin lasisi ko babu lasisi yana nufin cewa ana amfani dashi a matsayin mai mallakar kuɗi.
Idan kernel yana tallafawa sakon / proc / sys / kernel / flag flag to sai insmod zai OR tarar tarar da '1' a lokacin da ke jagorantar ba tare da lasisin GPL ba. An bayar da gargadi idan kernel yana tallafawa zanewa kuma ana ɗora wa ɗayan bashi ba tare da lasisi ba. Ana ba da gargadi akai-akai don ɗakunan da ke da MODULE_LICENSE () wanda ba dace da GPL ba, har ma a kan tsofaffin kernels waɗanda ba su goyi bayan tatsuniya ba. Wannan yana ƙaddamar da gargaɗin lokacin da ake amfani da sabon tsarin amfani akan tsofaffin kwayoyin.
Ɓangaren -w (yanayin ƙarfin hali) KO zai zama tagulla da '2' a kan kernels da ke goyan bayan zane. Ko da yaushe yana fuskantar wata gargadi.
Wasu ƙwararrun kernel suna buƙatar alamun da aka fitar dashi ta hanyar code su kawai za suyi amfani da su tare da lasisin GPL. Wadannan alamun suna fitar da su ta hanyar EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL maimakon na al'ada EXPORT_SYMBOL . GPL-kawai alamomin da aka fitar dashi ta kwaya da kuma wasu ƙananan kayayyaki suna bayyane ne kawai a cikin kwakwalwa tare da lasisin GPL mai jituwa, waɗannan alamu sun bayyana a / proc / ksyms tare da prefix na ' GPLONLY_ '. insmod yi watsi da GPLONLY_ prefix a kan alamomin yayin da ke ƙaddamar da tsarin lasisin GPL don haka ɗayan ɗin yana nufin kawai alamar alama, ba tare da prefix ba. GPL kawai alamomi ba su samuwa a cikin kayayyaki ba tare da lasisin GPL ba, wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan ba tare da lasisi ba.
Ksymoops Assistance
Don taimakawa tare da debugging na kwaya Yayi lokacin da amfani da kayayyaki, insmod ƙetare don ƙara wasu alamomi zuwa ksyms, duba da -Y zaži. Wadannan alamomin sun fara tare da __insmod_modulename_ . Ana buƙatar sunan mai suna don yin alamun musamman. Yana da doka don ɗaukar nauyin abu ɗaya fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin wasu nau'ukan sunaye. A halin yanzu, alamun alamun sune:
__insmod_modulename_Oobjectfile_Mmtime_Vversion
objectfile shi ne sunan fayil ɗin da aka ɗora wa'adin daga. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ksymoops zai iya dace da lambar zuwa daidai abu. mtime ne na karshe da aka gyara timeramp a kan wannan fayil a hex, zero idan stat ya kasa. version ne kernel version cewa an ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar don, -1 idan babu wani fasali. Alamar _O tana da adireshin farko kamar jagorar jagorancin.
__insmod_modulename_Ssectionname_Lurewa
Wannan alamar yana bayyana a farkon sassan ELF da aka zaɓa, a halin yanzu .text, .rodata, .data, .bss da .sbss. Ya bayyana kawai idan ɓangaren yana da nau'i maras siffar. Sunan sashen suna sunan sashen ELF, tsawon shine tsawon ɓangaren a cikin ƙima. Wadannan alamomin suna taimakawa ga adireshin taswirar ksymoops zuwa sassan lokacin da babu alamomi.
__insmod_modulename_Ppersistent_filename
An halicce shi ne kawai idan ƙaddarar yana da ɗaya ko fiye da sigogi waɗanda aka alama a matsayin bayanai na ci gaba da sunan suna don adana bayanan (duba -e , sama) yana samuwa.
Matsala ta daban tare da kullun buɗaɗɗo Kwayoyi a cikin kwakwalwa shine cewa abubuwan da ke ciki na / proc / ksyms da / proc / modules iya canzawa tsakanin Oops da lokacin da kake aiwatar da fayil ɗin log. Don taimakawa wajen shawo kan wannan matsala, idan jagorancin / var / log / ksymoops ya wanzu to, insmod da rmmod za su atomatik ta atomatik / proc / ksyms da / proc / modules zuwa / var / log / ksymoops tare da prefix of 'date +% Y% m % d% H% M% S`. Mai sarrafa tsarin zai iya gaya wa ksymoops wanda fayilolin hotuna zasu yi amfani da lokacin da zazzage wani Oops. Babu canzawa don musaki wannan takardan atomatik. Idan ba ku so ya faru, kada ku ƙirƙiri / var / log / ksymoops . Idan wannan shugabanci ya kasance, ya kamata ya kasance tushen da kuma zama yanayin 644 ko 600 kuma ya kamata ka gudanar da wannan rubutun kowace rana ko haka. An rubuta rubutun da ke ƙasa a matsayin insmod_ksymoops_clean .
Bayani na asali don sanin
Sunan
insmod - shigar da ma'aunin kwalliya mai sauki
SYNOPSIS
insmod [-ehkLmnpqrsSvVxXyYN] [-e persist_name ] [-o module_name ] [-O blob_name ] [-afiɗin shafi] module [ alama = darajar ...]