Kwamfuta na Sarrafa Maganganin (TCP) da kuma User Datagram Protocol (UDP) su ne ma'aunin jigilar daidaito guda biyu da aka yi amfani da ita ta hanyar intanet (IP) .
Dukansu TDP da UDP sun yi amfani da mažallan kai a matsayin ɓangare na buƙata bayanan saƙo domin canja wurin haɗin sadarwa. Taya na TCP da UDP masu mahimmanci kowannensu sun ƙunshi saitin sigogi da ake kira filayen da aka ƙayyade ta ƙayyadaddun bayanin fasaha.
TCP Header Format
Kowace TCP BBC tana da nau'in da ake buƙata guda goma da yayi adadin 20 bytes (160 bits ) a cikin girman. Sannan kuma zasu iya haɗawa da ƙarin sashe bayanai har zuwa 40 bytes a girman.
Wannan shi ne labarun TCP:
- TCP tashar tashar jiragen ruwa (2 bytes)
- TCP tashar tashar jiragen ruwa (2 bytes)
- Lambar jerin (4 bytes)
- Lambar yabo (4 bytes)
- TCP data offset (4 ragowa)
- Bayanan da aka ajiye (3 ragowa)
- Lissafin sarrafawa (har zuwa 9 ragowa)
- Girman Window (2 bytes)
- TCP checksum (2 bytes)
- Mainter gaggawa (2 bytes)
- TCP bayanan zaɓi (0-40 bytes)
TCP saka saiti a cikin saƙo a cikin sakon saƙon a cikin tsari da aka jera a sama.
- Lambobin TCP da kuma tashar tashar lambobin sadarwa sune tashar sadarwa don aikawa da karɓar na'urori.
- Masu aika saƙo suna amfani da lambobin jerin don yin umarni da umarni na ƙungiyar saƙonni. Dukansu masu aikawa da masu karɓa suna amfani da filin lambobin sanarwa don sadarwa da lambobin jerin saƙonnin da aka karɓa kwanan nan ko ana sa ran za a aika.
- Yanayin bayanan bayanan bayanan ya adana yawan girman TCP a cikin nau'i hudu na bytes. Kuskuren ba ta yin amfani da TCP mai zaɓi ba yana da bayanan bayanai na 5 (wakiltar 20 bytes), yayin da take kai tsaye ta amfani da filin mafi girman girman sa yana da bayanan bayanai na 15 (wakiltar 60 bytes).
- Bayanan da aka adana a cikin maƙallan TCP kullum suna da darajar sifilin. Wannan filin yana nufin manufar jimlar jimlar jimla a matsayin adadin maɓuɓɓuka hudu (muhimmin mahimmancin aikin sarrafa kwamfuta).
- TCP yana amfani da saiti na misali shida da uku da ke nunawa (kowannen mutum yana wakiltar ko kashe ) don gudanar da kwafin bayanai a wasu yanayi. Alal misali daya, alal misali, fara ƙaddamar saiti na TCP. Ƙididdigar aikin waɗannan fannoni ya wuce bayanan wannan labarin.
- Masu aika TCP suna amfani da lambar da ake kira girman taga don tsara yawan bayanai da suka aika zuwa mai karɓa kafin a buƙatar sanarwa a cikin dawo. Idan girman girman girman ya zama ƙarami, canja wurin bayanai na cibiyar sadarwa zai zama mai saurin jinkiri, kuma idan girman girman girman ya yi girma, hanyar haɗin yanar gizo zata iya zama cikakke (marar amfani da kowane aikace-aikacen) ko mai karɓa bazai iya sarrafa bayanai mai sauri ba isa (kuma ya haifar da jinkiri). Abubuwan allon lantarki da aka gina a cikin yarjejeniya sunyi iyakacin lissafin dabi'u masu girma kuma suna amfani da wannan filin na TCP BBC don daidaitawa tsakanin canje-canje da masu karɓa.
- Ƙididdigar lissafi a cikin maɓallin TCP yana haifar da mai aikawa da ladabi a matsayin hanyar lissafi don taimakawa mai karɓa ya gano saƙonnin da aka lalatar ko haɓaka.
- An saita maɓallin gaggawa gaggawa ba kome ba kuma an watsi da su, amma a haɗa tare da ɗaya daga cikin fannoni masu sarrafawa, za'a iya amfani dashi azaman ƙididdiga don yin amfani da wani sakon saƙo kamar yadda ake buƙatar aiki na farko.
- Amfani da bayanan TCP na zaɓi ba ta da iyakacin wannan labarin amma sun haɗa da goyon baya ga ƙwarewa ta musamman da kuma algorithms.
Tsarin Kayan UDP
Saboda UDP yafi iyakancewa fiye da TCP, ƙididdigarsa sun fi ƙanƙanta. Kayan UDP yana ƙunshe da 8 bytes, zuwa kashi hudu da ake bukata:
- Lambar tashar mai tushe (2 bytes)
- Lambar tashar jiragen ruwa (2 bytes)
- Length of data (2 bytes)
- UDP checksum (2 bytes)
UDP saka saiti a cikin saƙo a cikin sakon sakon a cikin tsari da aka jera a sama.
- Lambobin tushen tashoshin UDP da tushen wuri sune iyakokin sadarwa don aikawa da karɓar na'urori.
- Hanya mafi tsawo a cikin UDP yana wakiltar girman girman kowane ɓangaren samfurori ciki har da maɓallin kai da bayanai. Wannan filin yana cikin darajar daga mafi ƙarancin 8 octets (girman da aka buƙatar) don yayi girma fiye da 65 octets.
- Hakazalika da TCP, ƙwararruyar UDP tana bawa damar karɓar bayanan shiga don kowane ɓangaren ɓataccen saƙo.