Tarihin Atari 2600
Atari ya ce ya gode wa Pong da Kira zuwa & # 34; STELLA! & # 34;
A lokacin da Atari ta saki wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon na Pong a matsayin wani shirin da aka tsara na farko da aka tsara a cikin gida, wannan lamari ne mai ban mamaki kuma ba da daɗewa ba kowane mai amfani da na'urorin lantarki wanda aka kwatanta. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce an cika ambaliya tare da clones da kuma bambancin, wasu har ma suna amfani da wannan microchip. Don kula da matsayinsu a matsayin jagoran masana'antu, Atar da ke kafa kamfanin Nolan Bushnell yayi kokarin kafa sabuwar tsara tsarin bidiyo. Don yin wannan Atari ya sayi Cyan Engineering, wanda ya riga ya aiki a kan sabon fasaha ta na'urorin fasahohin karkashin sunan lambar "Stella".
A wannan lokaci, dukkanin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan bidiyo na gida sunyi amfani da fasaha na Logic Technology, inda aka yi amfani da masu amfani don ƙayyade dangantaka da hagu. Wannan ya kunna iri iri ɗaya ko alamu masu kama da za a sake amfani da su a cikin iyakacin yawan wasanni na asali. Tasirin soja na Ralph Bayer na Brown Box ya samo asali ne ta hanyar zama Magnavox Odyssey . Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa duk gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayon na farko na kwaskwarima duk sunyi kama da juna.
Binciko da Ci Gaban Dama
Maimakon fasahar fasaha, aikin Cyan na Stella yayi amfani da cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya (CPU) da ake kira MOS Technology 6502, wani microprocessor mai kwakwalwa 8 wanda aka gabatar a 1975 a matsayin mai sarrafa tsada a kasuwa. Wannan ya bada izini a sarrafa bayanai ta hanyar microchip da sauri ba tare da keta banki ba. Tambaya ta gaba ita ce yadda za a sauya shirye-shiryen wasanni masu yawa daga tushen tushe.
A shekara ta 1972, Hewlett-Packard ya fara amfani da kwakwalwa na ROM, harsashi na haɗin gine-gine na R- e- M ning M emory chip wanda ya ƙunshi fayil din shirin wanda ya haɗa da kwamfutar ta hanyar raguwa. Hotuna na ROM sun bada cikakkiyar bayani ga Stella. An adana fayilolin wasanni a kan kwakwalwar ROM ta hanyar tarawa na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar (RAM), da kuma MOS Technology 6502 processor karanta bayanin shirin ta hanyar shigarwa / fitarwa (I / O) guntu. Bayanan da aka yi, abin da ya sa wannan mahimmin bayani shine ƙananan ƙananan Cartridges na ROM, tare da Cyan da ke da nasaba da Turawa ta Intanet (TIA), dukkanin cikakkun bayanai da kuma sauti sun kasance cikakke.
Sayarwa ga Mutumin
Tare da dukkanin fasaha na zamani gaba ɗaya, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa wani kamfani zai bunkasa wannan ra'ayi a lokaci ɗaya, kuma kamfanin Fairchild Semiconductor ya kori Atari a kasuwar ta 1976 tare da tsarin Fairchild Video Entertainment (daga baya aka kira shi Fairchild Channel F ) wanda yayi amfani da Fairchild F8 CPU, wanda mahalarcin Intel Robert Noyce ya haɓaka.
Atari ya kasance mai zurfin kudi a ci gaba da Stella kuma yana buƙatar karin kudaden shiga da ikon yin saki. Gudun jama'a ba wani zaɓi ba ne yayin da kasuwar jari ta kasance a kan tasa. Tare da barazanar rasa dukkan kasuwannin kasuwa a hannun Channel F, Nolan Bushnell ya juya zuwa haɗin gwiwa tare da Warner Communications, (a yau da ake kira Time Warner) wanda hakan ya zama buyout. Bushnell ya kasance a ma'aikata don gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci.
Lokacin da aka kammala Stella a sake shi a shekara ta 1977 an canza sunansa zuwa Atari Video Computer System , amma daga bisani ya canza zuwa Atari 2600 a yanzu , bayan bayanan kamfanin CX2600. Da farko an sake fitar da su 2600 tare da karɓar rashin kyauta, amma kalmar ta karu da sauri kuma a shekara ta 1979 wani abu ne mai ban mamaki, yana sayarwa fiye da miliyan guda a cikin wannan shekarar kadai. Abin baƙin cikin shine saurin tashin hankalin da ya kai ga nasararsa ya dauki nauyin dangantaka da Bushnell da Warner Communications. Bushnell ya bar kamfanin a shekara ta 1978, kawai shekara daya jin kunya na shaida da babbar nasara ta wasan kwaikwayo.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Atari ya ci gaba da yin tarihinsa, yana fitar da dukkanin gasar tare da ci gaba da kafa tushe da ɗakin karatu na wasanni. Babban babbar gasar, Channel F, ba ta da halayen ko fasahar sauti na 2600, ko kuma wani kamfani na kamfanin kamar Warner Communications a baya. Kodayake Channel F shine farkon irinsa, kawai ana ba da takardun 26 ne kawai, kuma Fairchild nan da nan ya shiga mulkin mallakar Atari.
Babban nasarar da Atari ya samu ya haifar da mummunan rauni. Yayin da kamfanin ke gudana gaba daya, masu shirye-shiryen ba su yarda da maganin su ba. Atari ya tafi daga wani wuri mai ban dariya a wurin aiki na Bushnell, zuwa kullun, kamfanoni tare da rashin amincewa ko sakamako na aikin da aka yi, tsarin da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo ke fama da shi har yau. Ba da daɗewa ba masu shirye-shirye da suka taimaka wajen gina ginin Atari sun fara barin su don samar da kamfanonin kansu don buga wasanni don 2600.
Kamar yadda manufar wasan motsa jiki tare da wasanni masu rikitarwa ya kasance sabon ra'ayi, da kuma ƙarnin baya na tsarin wasan bidiyon duk suna rufe ɗayan, ba a kafa haƙƙin mallaka, patent da alamar kasuwanci ba don kare masu sana'a na ɓangare na farko kamar yadda suke a yau. Ba da da ewa ba, kasuwar ta cika da wasanni, duk an tsara su ne don 2600 da kuma wasu masu shirya shirye-shiryen Atari wanda suka tashi jirgin. Wadannan masu wallafa na ɓangare na uku sun iya yin aiki a kan hakkoki na haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka ba tare da yin amfani da sunan Atari ba, suna kara da cewa ba su da alaka da Atari Inc. kuma sun yarda kawai an tsara katako don "Atari Video Game System".
Ba da daɗewa ba Atari ya fara fama da irin wannan mummunan rauni wanda ya kawo karshen Pong. Ba tare da wasanni masu kama da juna ba, amma tare da yawan kamfanonin da ke tasowa don samun sashi na wannan lambar zinariya 2600, tare da ragowar wasanni marasa amfani. Yawancin wasanni masu yawa basu da kyau kuma suna da inganci. Ko da magunguna na Atari sun fara shan wahala saboda rawar da aka samu da kuma yawancin masu shirye-shiryen su na farko da suka riga sun yi murabus.
Kodayake yawancin wurare da aka saki marasa lafiya na CAF har zuwa 2600 kamar yadda farkon Atari ya rushe, da kuma ci gaba da Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Video na 1983 , ya kasance mafi yawan jari - wasanni masu yawa da yawa, da rashin inganci da sosai ƙananan fasahar fasaha a cikin gidaje da arcades. Warner ya sayar da Atari a shekara ta 1984 zuwa Commodore Business Machines wanda ya rufe sashin layi.
A shekara ta 1986, Commodore ya sake fitar da wani sabon tsari na 2600 a matsayin maɓallin lissafi tare da lambar tagimar tallata "Lafiya ta dawo!". An sayar da tsarin da kyau sosai amma ƙarshe ya ƙare a shekara ta 1990. Har wa yau Atari 2600 ya kasance mafi yawan sayar da kayan wasan gidan bidiyon gida da yawa da kuma yawancin sunayen da aka fi sani da suna ganin sake sake sakewa don matakan wasan kwaikwayo na gaba-gen da masu hannu, da kuma shirye-shiryen kunnawa da aka riga aka shirya su a matsayin zane-zane.