Jagora ga yanar-gizon Intanet na Intanet (ICMP)

Intanet mai kula da Intanet (ICMP) shi ne yarjejeniyar sadarwa don yanar-gizon Intanet (IP) . ICMP yana canja wurin bayanin kulawa don matsayi na cibiyar sadarwa kanta maimakon bayanan aikace-aikacen. Dole na IP yana buƙatar ICMP don aiki yadda ya dace.

Harkokin ICMP sune irin nau'in sako IP daga TCP da UDP .

Misali mafi kyau na saƙon ICMP a aikin shi ne mai amfani da ping , wanda ke amfani da ICMP don bincika runduna masu nisa don amsawa kuma auna tsawon lokacin tafiyar da bincike.

ICMP yana goyan bayan sauran kayan aiki kamar traceroute wanda ke gano matakan ƙaddamarwa ta tsakiya ("hops") a kan hanyar tsakanin hanyar da aka ba da ita.

ICMP Yaya ICMPv6

Kalmar asalin ICMP ta tallafa wa cibiyoyin sadarwa na Intanet na 4 (IPv4). IPv6 ta ƙunshi wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na yarjejeniyar da ake kira ICMPv6 don rarrabe shi daga ainihin ICMP (wanda ake kira ICMPv4).

Hanyoyin Saƙo na ICMP da Formats Saƙo

Harkokin ICMP suna ɗaukar bayanai masu muhimmanci ga aiki da kuma kulawar cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta. Yarjejeniyar ta tanada rahotanni game da yanayin irin su na'urorin da ba a amsawa ba, aikawar kurakurai, da matsalolin cibiyar kwance.

Kamar sauran ladabi a cikin iyalin IP, ICMP ta bayyana maɓallin saƙo. Rubutun ya ƙunshi shafuka huɗu a jerin masu zuwa:

ICMP ya bayyana jerin takamaiman nau'o'in saƙo kuma ya ba da lambar ta musamman ga kowane.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a teburin da ke ƙasa, ICMPv4 da ICMPv6 suna samar da wasu nau'in saƙo na kowa (amma sau da yawa tare da lambobi daban-daban) da kuma wasu saƙonni na musamman ga kowane. (Saƙon sakonnin na yau da kullum zai iya bambanta kadan a cikin halayyarsu tsakanin nau'ikan IP).

Hanyoyin Saƙonni na ICMP
v4 # v6 # Rubuta Bayani
0 129 Echo Amsa An aika da sakon da aka aika don amsa tambayoyin Echo (duba ƙasa)
3 1 Kasashen da ba'a iya kaiwa ba An aika don mayar da martani ga sakon IP ɗin wanda ba shi da kariya ga wasu dalilai daban-daban.
4 - Sakamakon Sakamako Kayan aiki zai iya aika wannan sakon zuwa mai aikawa wanda ke samar da zirga-zirga mai shiga sauri fiye da yadda za'a iya sarrafa shi. (Ƙarin hanyoyin da aka tsara.)
5 137 Sake Saƙo Kayayyakin aiki zasu iya samar da wannan hanya idan sun gano canji a hanya da ake nema don sakon IP ya kamata a canza.
8 128 Binciken Echo Sako da aka aika ta hanyar ping utilities don bincika amsawar na'urar da aka kera
11 3 Lokaci ya wuce Routers sun kirkiro wannan sakon lokacin da bayanai masu zuwa sun kai iyakokin sakamako na "hop". Used by traceroute.
12 - Matsala na Matsala Ƙirƙirar lokacin da na'urar ta gano lalacewa ko ɓacewa bayanai a cikin saƙon IP mai shiga.
13, 14 - Timestamp (Request, Amsa) An tsara shi don aiki tare da agogo lokaci tsakanin na'urori biyu ta IPv4, (Ƙarin sauran hanyoyin da aka dogara da su.)
- 2 Girbin Packet Big Big Runduna suna samar da wannan saƙo lokacin karbar sako wanda baza a iya turawa zuwa makiyayarta ba saboda wucewa mai tsawo.

Yarjejeniyar ta cika ka'idar Code da kuma ICMP da suka danganci saƙon Rubuta da aka zaɓa don raba ƙarin bayani. Alal misali, Saƙon da ba'a iya samuwa ba zai iya samun nau'in lambobi daban daban dangane da yanayin rashin cin nasara.