LAN mai mahimmanci (Gidan Yanki na Yanki) wani ƙaddamarwa ne wanda zai iya haɗawa da tarin na'urorin daga LAN . Cibiyoyin sadarwar kasuwancin da suka fi girma sukan kafa VLANs don sake rabu da hanyar sadarwar su don inganta tsarin kulawar zirga-zirga.
Yawancin nau'o'in hanyoyin sadarwar jiki suna tallafawa LANs mai ban sha'awa ciki har da Ethernet da Wi-Fi .
Amfanin VLAN
Lokacin da aka saita daidai, LANs mai laushi zai iya inganta yawan aikin cibiyoyin sadarwa. Ana buƙatar VLAN don haɗu da na'urori masu kwakwalwa waɗanda ke sadarwa tare da juna mafi yawancin lokaci. Hanya tsakanin na'urorin rarraba ta biyu ko fiye da cibiyoyin sadarwa na al'ada yana buƙatar a sarrafa su ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwar, amma tare da VLAN cewa za'a iya kulawa da zirga-zirga ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa a maimakon.
VLANs suna kawo ƙarin amfanin tsaro a kan manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar barin iko mafi girma akan wašannan na'urori suna samun damar shiga cikin gida. Ana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na Wi-Fi ta hanyar amfani da maɓallin waya wanda ke goyon bayan VLANs.
Dynamic VLANs
Masu gudanarwa na cibiyar sadarwa suna amfani da VLAN masu mahimmanci kamar "VLANs masu tashar jiragen ruwa." Wani VLAN mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar mai gudanarwa ya sanya tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya a kan hanyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa mai mahimmanci. Kowace irin na'urorin da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, ya zama memba na wannan cibiyar sadarwar da aka riga aka tsara.
Dynamic VLAN sanyi yana bada izinin mai gudanarwa don bayyana mahalarta cibiyar sadarwa bisa ga halaye na na'urori da kansu maimakon maɓallin tashar tashar su. Alal misali, VLAN mai ƙarfin gaske za a iya bayyana tare da jerin adiresoshin jiki (adireshin MAC ) ko sunayen asusun yanar sadarwa.
VLAN Tagging da Standard VLANs
Alamomin VLAN ga Ethernet cibiyoyin suna bin tsarin IEEE 802.1Q. Alamar 802.1Q ta ƙunshi 32 bits (4 bytes ) na bayanai da aka saka a cikin maɓallin kewayon Ethernet. Rabin 16 na farko a cikin wannan filin yana dauke da lambar hardcoded 0x8100 wanda ke haifar da na'urorin Ethernet don gane ƙwaƙwalwar kamar yadda yake zuwa 802.1Q VLAN. Kwanan baya 12 na wannan filin yana dauke da lambar VLAN, lamba tsakanin 1 da 4094.
Ayyuka mafi kyau na tsarin VLAN sun bayyana yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullum:
- LAN na LAN: Ethernet VLAN na'urorin suna bin dukkan ɓangarorin da ba a haɗa su ba kamar yadda na keɓaɓɓen LAN na asali. LAN na asali shine VLAN 1, kodayake masu gudanarwa zasu iya canja wannan lambar da aka ƙidayar.
- Gudanarwar VLAN: An yi amfani da shi don tallafawa haɗin haɗi daga masu sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa. Wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa suna amfani da VLAN 1 a matsayin gudanarwa na VLAN yayin da wasu suka kafa lambar musamman don wannan dalili (don kauce wa rikice-rikice da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa)
Ƙaddamar da VLAN
A babban matakin, masu gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa sun kafa sabon VLANs kamar haka:
- Zaɓi lambar VLAN mai aiki
- Zaɓi ɗakunan adireshin IP na sirri don na'urori a kan wannan VLAN don amfani
- Sanya na'ura mai canzawa tare da saitunan mawuyaci ko tsauri. Tsarin mahimmanci yana buƙatar mai gudanarwa ya ba da lambar VLAN a kowane tashar tashar jiragen ruwa yayin da shawarwari masu ƙarfin gaske yana buƙatar sanya wani jerin adiresoshin MAC ko sunayen masu amfani zuwa lambar VLAN.
- Sanya daidaitawa tsakanin VLANs kamar yadda ake bukata. Hada daidaitawa biyu ko fiye da VLAN don sadarwa tare da juna yana buƙatar yin amfani da ko dai mai sauƙi mai sauƙi na VLAN ko sauyawar Layer 3 .
Ayyukan kayan aiki da ƙananan da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta sosai dangane da kayan aikin da ake ciki.