Init shi ne iyaye na dukkan matakai. Babban rawar shi shine ƙirƙirar matakai daga rubutun da aka ajiye a cikin fayil / sauransu / inittab (duba inittab (5)). Wannan fayil yana da sharuɗɗa wanda ya haifar da init don samowa a kowane layi wanda masu amfani zasu iya shiga. Kuma yana sarrafa tafiyar matakai masu dacewa ta kowane tsarin.
Runlevels
A runlevel ne tsarin shafukan yanar gizo na tsarin wanda ke ba kawai ƙungiyar zaɓaɓɓiyar matakai don zama. Matakan da aka samo asali ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan labarun an bayyana a cikin / sauransu / inittab fayil. Init zai iya kasancewa cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwa takwas: 0-6 da S ko s . An canza rudun jirgi ta hanyar samun damar yin amfani da wayar salula , wanda ke aika sakonni masu dacewa don init , ya gaya mana abin da ke gudana don canza zuwa.
Ana ajiye 'yan wasa 0 , 1 , da 6 . Runlevel 0 an yi amfani da shi don dakatar da tsarin, ana amfani da layi na 6 don sake aiwatar da tsarin, kuma ana amfani da batutuwan 1 don sa tsarin ya kasance cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya. Runlevel S ba ainihin nufin amfani dashi ba, amma mafi yawan rubutun da aka kashe lokacin shiga runlevel 1. Don ƙarin bayani a kan wannan, duba hanyoyin da za a rufe (8) da inittab (5).
Runlevels 7-9 Har ila yau, m, ko da yake ba gaske rubuce. Wannan shi ne saboda "al'adun" bambance-bambancen Unix ba su amfani da su ba. Idan kana da sha'awar, S, S da s sun kasance daidai. A cikin ƙasashen waje suna sunayen sunayen don wannan runlevel.
Kashewa
Bayan an shigar da init a matsayin mataki na ƙarshe na jerin takalman kernel, ya dubi fayil / sauransu / inittab don ganin idan akwai shigarwa irin initdefault (duba inittab (5)). Ƙungiyar shigarwa ta ƙayyade tsarin farko na tsarin. Idan babu irin wannan shigarwa (ko babu / sauransu / inittab a kowane lokaci), dole ne a shigar da wani babban fayil a tsarin na'ura.
Runlevel S ko s kawo tsarin zuwa tsarin mai amfani guda kuma baya buƙatar fayil din / sauransu / inittab . A cikin yanayin mai amfani ɗaya, an buɗe harsashi a kan / dev / console .
Lokacin shigar da hanyar mai amfani ɗaya, init karanta mahimmanci na iostl (2) daga /etc/ioctl.save . Idan wannan fayil bai wanzu ba, init ta fara sautin a madaidaicin 9600 kuma tare da saitunan CLOCAL . Lokacin da init ya bar hanya mai amfani, ya adana saitunan na ioctl a cikin wannan fayil don haka zai iya sake amfani dasu don zama mai amfani guda daya.
Lokacin shigar da yanayin mai amfani da yawa don karon farko, init yana yin shigar da takalma da shigarwa don bada izinin tsarin fayilolin da za a saka kafin masu amfani zasu iya shiga. Sa'an nan kuma an aiwatar da duk shigarwar da aka dace da runlevel.
Lokacin fara sabon tsari, init na farko yana duba ko fayil din / sauransu / rubutun ya wanzu. Idan haka ne, yana amfani da wannan rubutun don fara tsari.
A duk lokacin da yaron ya ƙare, init ya rubuta gaskiyar kuma dalilin da ya mutu a / var / gudu / utmp da / var / log / wtmp , idan har waɗannan fayiloli sun kasance.
Canza Wasanni
Bayan da ya kaddamar da dukkanin matakan da aka kayyade, init yana jiran wani daga cikin matakan da ya wuce ya mutu, siginar rashin ƙarfi, ko kuma har sai an nuna shi ta hanyar telinit don canza tsarin gudu na tsarin. Lokacin da daya daga cikin shafuka uku da ke sama, ya sake nazarin fayil / sauransu / inittab . Ana iya ƙara sabbin shigarwa zuwa wannan fayil a kowane lokaci. Duk da haka, init har yanzu tana jiran daya daga cikin yanayi uku da ke sama da zai faru. Don samar da wani amsa na gaggawa, umurnin Q ko q zai iya farfadowa don sake bincika / sauransu / inittab fayil.
Idan init ba a cikin wata hanya mai amfani ba kuma tana karɓar siginar wuta (SIGPWR), yana karanta fayil / sauransu / powerstatus . Daga nan sai ya fara umurni bisa abinda ke cikin wannan fayil:
F (AIL)
Power yana kasawa, UPS yana samar da iko. Kashe shigarwar wutar lantarki da ƙuntatawa .
KO)
An dawo da wutar lantarki, kashe shigarwar injiniyoyi .
L (OW)
Ƙarfin yana kasawa kuma UPS yana da ƙananan baturi. Kaddamar da shigarwar batattu .
Idan / sauransu / powerstatus ba ya wanzu ko ya ƙunshi wani abu sai haruffa F , O ko L , init za su nuna kamar suna karanta wasika F.
Amfani da SIGPWR da / sauransu / powerstatus an hana. Wanda ke son yin hulɗa tare da init ya kamata ya yi amfani da tashar / dev / initctl tashar tashar - duba lambar tushe na kunshin sysvinit don karin takardun game da wannan.
Lokacin da ake buƙatar init don canja runlevel, yana aika siginar gargadi SIGTERM zuwa duk matakan da ba a bayyana a cikin sabon runlevel ba. Sannan kuma yana jira 5 seconds kafin a rufe waɗannan matakai ta hanyar siginar SIGKILL . Lura cewa init ta tabbata cewa dukkanin waɗannan matakai (da kuma zuriyarsu) suna kasancewa a cikin rukunin tsari guda daya wanda aka kafa a farkon su. Idan duk wani tsari ya canza canjin ƙungiyar ta ba zai karɓi waɗannan sigina ba. Irin waɗannan matakai dole ne a kare su daban.
Telinit
/ sbin / telinit yana da nasaba da / sbin / init . Yana ɗaukan jayayyar hali ɗaya da sigina na shiga don yin aikin da ya dace. Wadannan muhawara na zama jagororin da za su tanadi :
0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ko 6
gaya init don canjawa zuwa matakin gudu.
a , b , c
gaya init don aiwatar kawai wadanda / sauransu / inittab fayil shigarwa tare da runlevel a , b ko c .
Q ko q
gaya init don sake bincika / sauransu / inittab fayil.
S ko s
gaya init don canzawa zuwa yanayin mai amfani guda.
U ko u
gaya init don sake kashe kansa (kiyaye jihar). Babu sake dubawa / sauransu / fayil inittab ya faru. Ya kamata matakin gudu ya zama daya daga Ss12345 , in ba haka ba ne za a yi watsi da buƙata ba.
telinit kuma iya gaya init tsawon lokacin da ya kamata jira tsakanin aikawa matakai SIGTERM da SIGKILL sigina. Asali ita ce 5 seconds, amma ana iya canza wannan tareda zaɓi -t sec .
telinit ne kawai za a iya kiran shi ta hanyar masu amfani da damar da aka dace.
Binciken binary init idan ya kasance init ko teleinit ta hanyar kallon ta; ainihin ainihin init 's tsari id shine koyaushe 1 . Daga wannan ya biyo baya maimakon kiran kirarar waya ɗaya zai iya amfani da init kawai a matsayin gajeren hanya.