Tarihin, Juyin Halitta da Gabatarwa na Alamomin

by Jerri Collins

Bayani

Alamomin shafi, a cikin kwakwalwar kwamfuta suna kama da takwarorinsu na ainihi. Kamar yadda alamomin da aka sanya a cikin littafin zai baka damar dawowa zuwa inda ka bar, don haka alamomin alamar sun bar ka koma takamaiman shafukan yanar gizo ko-a wasu wurare na musamman a shafi.

A tsawon lokaci, alamomi sun tafi da sunayen daban a cikin masu bincike daban-daban da kuma aikace-aikace, kuma sun ba masu amfani da yawa fasali-da ciwon kai. A ainihin su, sun ba ka damar lura da shafukan intanet wanda kake son sake dubawa daga baya, ba tare da girma gandun daji na bude shafuka a kan mai bincike ba.

Juyin Halittar Alamomin

An yi amfani da alamomi kafin kafin duniya ta kasance. A shekara ta 1989, Craig Cockburn ya tsara wani tsari na kayan aiki da ake kira "PageLink" wanda zai yi aiki tare da abin da muke tunanin yanzu a matsayin mai karatu na e-littafi da kuma bincike-cikakke tare da alamun shafi.

Cockburn ya yi amfani da takardar shaidar a watan Afrilu na 1990, amma ba a ci gaba ba. (Cockburn ya wallafa takardar shaidarsa a yanar gizo a nan.)

Abubuwan alamomi kamar yadda muka san su a yau sun fara ne a 1993, a matsayin wani ɓangare na mai bincike na Mosaic 1.0. Musa ya lura da kowane mai amfani da yanar gizon da aka ziyarta, da kuma launi masu launin daban idan ya kai ga masu amfani da shafin sun kasance kafin. Maganar culling jerin "alamun shafi" an riga an riga an tattauna, kamar yadda yake fitowa daga zanen Tim Berners-Lee game da alamomi na Mosaic a cikin watan Mayu, 1993, batun "Wurin Yanar Gizo na Duniya":

Alamar alamomin, wanda aka sani da "hotlist", an ajiye shi tsakanin zaman zama mai zaman kansa na wurare masu ban sha'awa. Kuna iya ƙara bayanan sirri a kan kowane takardun, wanda zai bayyana a duk lokacin da ka (amma ka) karanta shi ... Marc Andreesen, marubucin, ya yi aiki mai kyau a nan.

Sauran masu bincike na farko, irin su ViolaWWW da Celio, sun kasance suna da damar yin amfani da layi. Sai dai fashewar Musa a cikin shahararrun da ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa ayyukan sarrafa littattafai zai zama babban tsari na masu bincike na gaba. Andreesen ya haɗa su a cikin bincikensa na gaba, Netscape Navigator. A tsawon shekaru, kuma tare da masu bincike daban-daban, alamomi sun tafi da wasu sunaye ban da "HotList," kamar "Samfuri" da "Gajerun hanyoyi," amma saitunan littattafai sun zama lokacin ƙayyadadden lokaci na waɗannan ayyuka.

Kowace sunan, a yau ana iya samun damar yin amfani da lakafta ta yau da kullum a cikin kowane mai bincike mai yawa: Explorer, Safari, Chrome, da kuma Firefox.

Ba abin mamaki bane, masu ci gaba da bincike masu ci gaba sun ci gaba da tweak kuma suna kokarin inganta alamomin kansu, don yin gwagwarmaya tare da abokan hammarsu.

Wasu masu bincike suna ba da damar masu amfani su haɗu da alamomin alamomi domin su iya buɗe duk lokaci ɗaya, tare da umarnin guda; taimaka wa masu amfani da suka san suna so su fara zaman su tare da rukuni guda ɗaya na shafukan yanar gizo a buɗe a kowane lokaci.

A shekara ta 2004, Firefox ta gabatar da "Live Bookmarking," wanda ya ba da damar masu amfani don ƙirƙirar alamomin da za su yi tasiri, ta atomatik, ta hanyar feed RSS.

Kuma ba alamun shafi ne na masu bincike na musamman ba. Yawancin shirye-shirye suna ba da damar yin amfani da bayanai a cikin shirye-shiryen su, musamman ma masu karatun littafi.

Kamar yadda shahararrun da damar fasahar wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka suka bunkasa-kuma yawancin masu amfani da kwamfuta sun sami kansu ta amfani da na'urori masu yawa tsakanin lokacin da suke aiki, a gida da kuma kan hanyoyin yanar-gizon sun fara samar da damar yin amfani da lafazin da masu amfani zasu iya shiga ko wane irin na'urorin da suke amfani dasu shiga.

Ƙari na gaba shine don masu amfani dabam dabam su raba da kuma hulɗa tare da alamun shafi na juna. Delicious, kafa a shekara ta 2003, ya taimaka wajen fadakar da kalmomin "wallafe-wallafen zamantakewa" da kuma "tagging" don bayyana waɗannan hulɗar.

A shekara ta 2005, Google ya kaddamar da Google Bookmarks-kada a dame shi tare da alamun bincike-wanda ba kawai ya ba da alamar alamomi ba, amma an yarda masu amfani su yi bincike kan duk shafukan da suka alamar.

Kamar yadda yawancin intanit, tambayoyi game da tsare sirri da kuma mallakan bayanin ajiyar bayanai yana da warwarewa. A halin yanzu, masu mallakan shafukan yanar gizo da aikace-aikace na iya tarawa, raba da kuma sayar da bayanai game da abin da masu amfani da su ke yiwa alama da kuma rabawa ga masu tallace-tallace, masu kasuwa, ƙungiyoyin siyasa da kowa da yake sha'awar bin wannan bayanin.

Alamun Alamomin

Bugu da ƙari da bambancin akan alamomin da aka ambata a sama-amusoshin zamantakewar jama'a, buƙatar rijistar mai bincike, aikace-aikacen rubutu, da shafukan yanar gizon yanar gizo - akwai bambancin fasaha waɗanda bazai bayyana su a fili a kan mafi yawan masu yin kwakwalwa ba.

Musamman, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban kwakwalwa na iya sarrafawa da adana bayanin da ke sanya alamomin alamar masu amfani.

Za a iya adana su cikin fayil ɗin HTML, yawanci alamomin shafi.html. Wasu masarufi masu adana shafukan yanar gizo suna adana alamar tsare-tsare. Wasu suna ajiye kowane alamar shafi kamar fayil ɗinta.

Kowace waɗannan hanyoyin yana da nasarorin da ba shi da amfani idan ya dace da yin amfani da masu amfani da bayanai.

Future na Alamomin shafi

Har zuwa alamomin alamomi sun zo tun lokacin da suka halicce su a farkon '90s, akwai sauran ci gaba don kyautatawa. (Zaka iya samun kaya mai kyau na gunaguni a nan.)

Abu daya ne, godiya ga masu tayin kasuwanci, masu yin amfani da bincike suna ci gaba da yin amfani da jerin alamomi da shafukan yanar gizo waɗanda ƙila ba su da sha'awa ga masu amfani da su. Saboda wannan dalili - da kuma damuwar sirri na sirri-yayin da masu bincike suka inganta a kan yadda za a iya motsawa da aiwatar da alamominku daga na'ura zuwa na'ura, akwai sauran abubuwa da za a yi idan sun kasance suna riƙe da alamominku daga wata alamar mai bincike zuwa wani.

Bugu da ƙari, sunayen da aka sanya ta atomatik don alamomi suna barin abubuwa da yawa don neman zuwan su, kamar yadda suka yi, daga shafukan yanar gizo wanda aka ƙayyade sau ɗaya don ladafin bincike na bincike, maimakon gabatar da bayyane, taƙaitacce, sauƙi-da-karanta shafi na shafi.

Ƙarshe, babbar matsala tare da alamun shafi yana ɗaya daga cikin kowane tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya-kamar yadda bayanin yake tasowa, yana da wuya wajen ganowa da samun dama ga abin da kuke so. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu sunyi shawarar cewa za'a iya sarrafa ayyukan alamar shafi don bincika kuma cire alamun mutuwar, ko don tsara alamun shafi ta hanyar mita wanda aka yi amfani dasu.