An yi jayayya akan muhawarar da aka yi game da wasan bidiyo na farko a matsayin Tennis na biyu na Willy Higinbotham (1958), Spacewar! (1961) ko Pong (1972), amma OXO (aka Noughts da Crosses ) game da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka sune gaba ɗaya. Me ya sa OXO sau da yawa sukan manta? Saboda lokacin da aka fara halitta shi shekaru 57 da suka gabata, an nuna shi kawai ga ma'aikatan da daliban Jami'ar Cambridge.
Ka'idodin:
- Shekara: 1952
- Created and Programmed by Alexander Sandy Douglas
- Platform: Kayan Kayan Kayan Lantarki na Kayan Kayan Lantarki ( EDSAC ).
- Muhimmiyar Tarihi: Na farko da aka yi amfani da kwamfuta ta kwamfuta da bidiyo.
Tarihin:
A shekara ta 1952, aliban Jami'ar Cambridge na Sandbridge Alexander Sandy Douglas yayi aiki don samun PHD. Maganarsa ta mayar da hankali kan hulɗar ɗan adam-haɗin kwamfuta kuma yana buƙatar misali don tabbatar da tunaninsa. A wannan lokacin Cambridge yana cikin gidan farko na kwamfutar kwamfuta, Kwamfutar Kayan Kayan Lantarki na Lantarki (EDSAC) . Wannan ya ba Douglas cikakken damar da za ta tabbatar da abubuwan da ya gano ta hanyar shirya lamarin don sauƙin wasan inda dan wasan zai iya yin gasa akan kwamfutar.
An karanta ainihin shirin don wasa daga Punched Tape (aka shigar da takalma), wani takarda da ƙananan ramukan da aka shiga a ciki. Za a karanta jeri da yawan ramuka a matsayin lambar ta EDSAC , kuma an fassara shi a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci game da hotunan hotunan cathode-ray.
Ayyukan Douglas na ci nasara kuma ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na farko na bidiyo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na kwamfuta, amma ya kasance daya daga cikin aikace-aikace na farko (duk da haka) na gaskiya na wucin gadi. Kwamfutar ta motsawa cikin karɓa zuwa wurin mai kunnawa ba ƙari ba ne ko kuma an riga an ƙaddara shi amma an yi shi gaba ɗaya a hankali ta kwamfutar. OXO sau da yawa ba a kula dashi saboda abubuwan da ya samu a cikin basirar hankulan ba a matsayin nazarin AI ba ya zama kimiyya mai mahimmanci har 1958 lokacin da masanin kimiyya John McCarthy ya tsara wannan kalma.
A Game:
OXO wani sakon lantarki ne na Tic-Tac-Toe (wanda ake kira Ƙunƙwata da Giciye a Birtaniya). Hakazalika da wasan lantarki na farko, na'urar wasan kwaikwayo na Cathode-Ray (1947), an nuna hotunan OXO akan wani katakon Cathode-Ray wanda aka haɗa da kwamfutar EDSAC . Hotunan sun ƙunshi manyan dige waɗanda ke haɓaka giciye na filin wasa da kuma '' '' '' da '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '
Wasan ya kunshi dan wasan da kwamfuta tare da mai kunnawa a matsayin "X" da EDSAC kamar "O". Ƙungiyar da aka zaɓa ta ƙunshi motsa jiki don yin amfani da "X" ta wurin kiran lambar ta ta hanyar kiran tarho na EDSAC . An yi amfani da bugun kiran tarho azaman keyboard don shigar da lambobi da kuma shugabanci zuwa kwamfutar.
Saukakawa:
- Alexander Sandy Douglas 'yar jarida ta samu nasarar, ta samu PHD kuma ta fara aikinsa a kimiyya, duk da haka, ba zai sake yin wani bidiyo ko kwamfuta ba.
- Kodayake OXO shine farkon bidiyon / wasan kwamfuta, an kusan manta da shi a wannan lokaci. Akwai kawai na'urar kwamfuta ta EDSAC , wadda ta kasance a Jami'ar Cambridge kuma ba ta kasancewa ga jama'a ba.
- An riƙe code na OXO a matsayin duniyar fasahar fasahar fasahohi na EDSAC .