DBMSs Kare, Gudanarwa, da Sarrafa Bayaninka
Shirin tsarin kula da bayanai (DBMS) shine software wanda ya ba da damar kwamfuta don adana, maidowa, ƙara, share, da kuma gyara bayanai. A DBMS tana kula da duk wani ɓangaren matakan bayanai na bayanai, ciki har da sarrafa tsarin bayanai, irin su mai amfani da ƙwarewa, da kuma sakawa ko cire bayanai. A DBMS ya ƙayyade abin da ake kira tsarin bincike, ko tsarin da aka adana bayanai.
Kayan aiki da muke amfani da shi a kowace rana yana buƙatar DBMSs a bayan al'amuran. Wannan ya hada da ATMs, tsarin ajiyar jiragen sama, tsarin tsarin kaya, da kundin ɗakin karatu, misali.
Ma'anar haɗin gwiwar gudanar da bayanai (RDBMS) aiwatar da samfurin tsarin launi da dangantaka.
Bayani a kan Gudanar da Gidan Gida
Kalmar ta DBMS ta kasance tun daga shekarun 1960, lokacin da IBM ya kirkiro tsarin farko na DBMS wanda ake kira System Management System (IMS), wanda aka adana bayanai a cikin kwamfuta a cikin tsarin bishiyoyi. Kowane ɗayan bayanan bayanai an haɗa shi ne kawai tsakanin iyaye da jariri.
Ƙarin tsara bayanai na gaba shine tsarin DBMS na cibiyar sadarwa , wanda yayi ƙoƙarin warware wasu ƙuntatawar zane na zane-zane ta hanyar haɗawa tsakanin juna tsakanin bayanai. Wannan ya kai mu a cikin shekarun 1970s lokacin da Edgar F. Codd, IBM, ya kafa ka'idodin tsarin sirri, shine mahaifin DBMS na zamani wanda muke sani a yau.
Hanyoyi na DBMS na zamani
Ma'anar haɗin gwiwar gudanar da bayanai (RDBMS) aiwatar da samfurin tsarin launi da dangantaka. Babban kalubale na kwarewar yau da kullum na DBMSs shine tabbatar da mutuncin bayanan, wadda ke kare daidaito da daidaitattun bayanai. An tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar jerin matsalolin da dokoki a kan bayanai don kaucewa kwafi ko hasara bayanai.
DBMSs kuma suna sarrafa damar samun bayanai ta hanyar izinin, wanda za'a iya aiwatarwa a matakan daban-daban. Alal misali, manajoji ko masu gudanarwa na iya samun damar yin amfani da bayanan da ba'a iya bayyane ga sauran ma'aikatan, ko kuma suna da izinin gyara bayanai yayin da wasu masu amfani zasu iya kallon shi kawai.
Yawancin DBMSs sunyi amfani da harshen SQL query da aka tsara , wanda ke samar da wata hanya ta hulɗa tare da database. A gaskiya ma, koda kuwa database na samar da samfurin da ke ba da damar yin amfani da masu amfani don dubawa, zaɓi, gyara, ko kuma amfani da bayanai, SQL ne ke aiwatar da waɗannan ayyuka a bango.
Misalai na DBMSs
A yau, yawancin kasuwancin kasuwanci da budewa na DBMSs suna samuwa. A gaskiya ma, zabar abin da kake buƙatar bayanai shine aiki mai banƙyama. Ƙungiyar DBMS ta haɓaka mai girma shine mamaye Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, da kuma IBM DB2, duk zaɓuɓɓukan gaskatawa ga tsarin hadaddun da manyan bayanai. Ga kananan kungiyoyi ko amfani da gida, shahararrun DBMSs sune Microsoft Access da FileMaker Pro.
Kwanan nan, wasu DBMSs ba bisa ka'ida ba sun girma cikin shahara. Waɗannan su ne dandano na NoSQL, wanda tsarin tsarin DRBMs da aka ƙaddara ya maye gurbinsu ta hanyar tsari mai sauƙi. Wadannan suna da amfani don adanawa da kuma aiki tare da manyan bayanai masu yawa waɗanda suka hada da nau'in nau'in bayanai. Mafi yawan 'yan wasa a wannan wuri sun hada da MongoDB, Cassandra, HBase, Redis, da CouchDB.