Kuna iya gane shi amma kuna amfani da kayan aiki na budewa kusan kowace rana
Software bude tushen (OSS) software ne wanda jama'a ke iya ganewa kuma canzawa ta hanyar jama'a, ko kuma "bude". Idan ba'a iya ganin lambar sirri ba kuma canji ta hanyar jama'a, an dauke shi "rufe" ko "mai mallakar".
Lambar tushen ita ce shirin na baya-da-baya na ɓangaren software da masu amfani ba su saba kallo ba. Lambar asali ta fitar da umarnin don yadda software ke aiki da kuma yadda dukkanin siffofin software ke aiki.
Yadda masu amfani ke amfani daga OSS
OSS ya ba masu shirye-shiryen damar haɗaka kan inganta software ta hanyar ganowa da kuma gyara kurakurai a cikin code (bug fixes), sabunta software don aiki tare da sabon fasaha, da kuma samar da sababbin siffofi. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar kayan budewa na amfani da masu amfani da software saboda kurakuran suna gyara sauri, an kara sababbin siffofin da kuma sake fitowa da yawa, software ɗin ya fi karuwa tare da karin masu shirye-shirye don bincika kurakurai a cikin lambar, kuma ana ɗaukaka matakan tsaro fiye da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki mai yawa.
Yawancin SSS suna amfani da wasu iri-iri ko bambancin GNU General Public License (GNU GPL ko GPL). Hanyar da ta fi sauƙi don yin tunani akan GPL mai kama da hoto da ke cikin yanki. GPL da ƙungiyoyin jama'a suna ba da damar kowa ya canza, sabuntawa, da sake amfani da duk abin da suke bukata. GPL yana ba masu shirye-shirye da masu amfani damar izini don samun dama da canji lambar asalin, yayin da yankin jama'a ya ba masu amfani izini don amfani da daidaita yanayin. GNU ɓangare na GNU GPL ya danganta da lasisi da aka tsara don tsarin GNU, tsarin kyauta / bude tsarin da ya kasance kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmin aikin a fasahar budewa.
Wani karin amfani ga masu amfani shine cewa OSS yana da kyauta kyauta, duk da haka, za'a iya samun adadin ƙararrawa, kamar goyon bayan fasaha, don wasu shirye-shiryen software.
Daga ina aka samo asali daga tushen?
Yayin da manufofin hada-hadar hada-hadar hada-hadar hada-hadar kwamfuta ta samo asali a cikin shekarun 1950-1960s, ta hanyar shekarun 1970 da 1980, al'amura irin su shari'ar shari'a sun haifar da wannan haɗin gwiwar don bin ka'idodin da ya sa ya rasa steam. Software na mallaka ya mallaki kasuwar software har sai Richard Stallman ya kafa Foundation Software Foundation (FSF) a shekara ta 1985, ya kawo kayan buɗewa ko software masu sauƙi a gaba. Manufar "software kyauta" tana nufin 'yanci, ba kudin ba. Ƙungiyar zamantakewa a bayan software na kyauta ta ɗauka cewa masu amfani da software za su sami 'yancin ganin, canji, sabuntawa, gyara, kuma ƙara zuwa lambar tushe don saduwa da bukatun su, kuma a yarda su raba shi ko raba shi da yardar kaina tare da wasu.
FSF ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da software ta kyauta tare da GNU Project. GNU kyauta ce ta kyauta (tsarin saiti da kayan aikin da ke koyar da na'urar ko kwamfutar yadda za a yi aiki), wanda aka saki tare da kayan aiki, ɗakunan karatu, da aikace-aikacen da za a iya kiran su a matsayin jujjuya ko rarraba. An haɗa GNU tare da shirin da ake kira kernel, wanda yake sarrafa nau'ukan daban-daban na komfuta ko na'ura, ciki har da sadarwa a baya da kuma tsakanin aikace-aikacen software da hardware. Kernel mafi yawan da aka haɗa da GNU shine kwayar Linux, asalin Linus Torvalds. Wannan tsarin aiki da nau'in kwakwalwar kernel an kira shi GNU / Linux tsarin aiki, ko da yake ana kira shi kawai a matsayin Linux.
Don dalilai daban-daban, ciki har da rikice-rikice a kasuwa akan abin da kalmar "software kyauta" ke nufi, ma'anar "maɓallin budewa" ya zama kalmar da aka fi so don software da aka tsara da kuma kiyaye ta amfani da tsarin haɗin gwiwar jama'a. An yi amfani da kalmar "Madogararsa" a wani taro na musamman na masu tunani da fasaha a cikin watan Fabrairun 1998, wanda mai kula da fasaha Tim O'Reilly ya shirya. Daga baya wannan watan, aka kafa kamfanin Open Source Initiative (OSI) na Eric Raymond da Bruce Perens a matsayin kungiyar da ba ta riba ba don inganta OSS.
FSF ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai bada tallafi da kungiyoyin kare hakkin kungiyoyin da aka sadaukar da su don tallafawa 'yancin masu amfani da' yancin da suka shafi amfani da lambar tushe. Duk da haka, yawancin masana'antun fasaha suna amfani da kalmar "tushen budewa" don ayyukan da shirye-shirye na software wanda ya ba da damar samun damar jama'a zuwa lambar tushe.
Open Source Software ne wani ɓangare na yau da kullum Life
Ayyukan bayanan bude bayanan sune wani ɓangare na rayuwarmu na yau da kullum. Kuna iya karatun wannan labarin a kan wayarka ko kwamfutar hannu, kuma idan haka ne, za ka iya amfani da fasahar fasahar budewa yanzu. Tsarin tsarin aiki na iPhone da Android an halicce su ne ta hanyar amfani da ginin gine-gine daga software, ayyukan, da shirye-shirye.
Idan kuna karatun wannan labarin a kan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko tebur, kuna amfani da Chrome ko Firefox a matsayin mahaɗin yanar gizo? Mozilla Firefox shine mai bude shafin yanar gizo. Google Chrome ne mai gyaggyarawa na hanyar bincike mai budewa da aka kira Chromium - kodayake masu kirkirar Google suka fara da Chromium wanda ke ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sabuntawa da ƙarin cigaba, Google ya kara da shirye-shirye da kuma siffofin (wasu daga waɗanda basu buɗe ba source) zuwa wannan software na tushen don bunkasa mashigin Google Chrome.
A gaskiya, intanet kamar yadda muka sani ba zai wanzu ba tare da OSS ba. Masu amfani da fasahar da suka taimaka wajen gina yanar gizo ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin budewa, irin su Linux tsarin aiki da kuma shafukan intanet na Apache don ƙirƙirar intanet din zamani. Shafukan yanar gizo na Apache su ne shirye-shirye na OSS wanda ke aiwatar da buƙatar don wani shafin yanar gizon (misali, idan ka danna kan hanyar haɗi don shafin yanar gizon da kake son ziyarta) ta hanyar ganowa da kuma kai ka a shafin yanar gizon. Shafukan yanar gizo na Apache suna buɗewa kuma ana kiyaye su ta masu ba da gudummawa ga masu tasowa da kuma mambobin kungiyar da ba riba da ake kira Apache Software Software.
Maganin budewa yana sake dawo da fasahar mu da rayuwarmu na yau da kullum a hanyoyi da ba mu fahimta ba. Ƙungiyar masu shirya shirye-shirye na duniya wanda ke taimaka wa ayyukan budewa na ci gaba da bunkasa fassarar OSS kuma ƙara da darajar da ta kawo wa al'umma.