MacOS: Mene Ne kuma Menene Sabo?

Ƙananan garuruwa da wuraren shahararrun: Tarihin MacOS da OS X

MacOS shine sabon suna na tsarin sarrafawa na Unix wanda yake gudana a kan kayan Mac, ciki harda tsarin kwamfutar da ƙwaƙwalwa. Kuma yayin da sunan yake sabo, fasali da damar aiki na tsarin Mac yana da tarihin dogon lokaci, kamar yadda za ku karanta a nan.

Macintosh ya fara rayuwa ta amfani da tsarin sarrafawa wanda aka sani kawai a matsayin System, wanda ya samar da sigogi daga System 1 zuwa System 7. A 1996, An sake sarrafa tsarin kamar yadda Mac OS 8, tare da karshe, Mac OS 9, aka saki a 1999.

Apple yana buƙatar tsarin zamani don maye gurbin Mac OS 9 kuma ya ɗauki Macintosh a nan gaba , don haka a 2001, Apple ya saki OS X 10.0; Cheetah, kamar yadda aka sani sananne. OS X shi ne sabon OS, wanda aka gina a kan kernel mai kama da Unix, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa, kare ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da tsarin tsarin da zai iya girma tare da sabon fasahar da Apple yake bayarwa.

A shekara ta 2016, Apple ya canza sunan OS X zuwa macOS, don daidaita matsayin tsarin tsarin aiki tare da sauran kayan Apple ( iOS , watchOS , da tvOS ). Kodayake sunan ya canja, MacOS yana da tushen Tushen Unix, da kuma ƙirar mai amfani na musamman da fasali.

Idan kun kasance kuna mamakin tarihin MacOS, ko lokacin da aka kara maɓuɓɓuka ko cirewa, karantawa don dubawa zuwa 2001, lokacin da aka gabatar da OS X Cheetah, kuma ku koyi abin da kowane sakon tsarin aiki ya kawo tare da ita.

01 na 14

Mac Sugar Sierra (10.13.x)

Sakamakon asali: Wani lokaci a cikin fall of 2017; a halin yanzu a beta .

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store).

MacOS Babban manufar Saliyo ita ce inganta aikin da kwanciyar hankali na dandalin MacOS. Amma wannan bai hana Apple don ƙara sababbin fasali da ingantawa ga tsarin aiki ba.

• APFS: Fayil ɗin Apple File (APFS) hakika ba sabon bane; An fara hada shi a MacOS Saliyo. Abin da ya sa ya hada a MacOS High Saliyo muhimmiyar alama ita ce yanzu tsarin tsarin APFS shi ne tsoho; kafin wannan, an samu kawai a matsayin madadin. Kodayake APFS ya zama al'ada, har yanzu zaka iya yin amfani da HFS + tsarin tsarin, idan kana buƙata.
• HEVC: Hanyoyin Cikin Gida Mai Kwarewa (HEVC) sabon tsarin matsawa ne wanda ke samar da matsin lamba mafi kyau idan aka kwatanta da H.264, tsoho da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsoffin versions na MacOS.
• Metal 2: Wannan sabon fasahar fasaha ya samar da masu samar da Mac tare da kusanci kai tsaye ga na'urori masu sarrafawa na Mac. Cire wajibi don yin amfani da shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen tsaka-tsakin don sarrafawa ya kamata ƙyale masu ci gaba su cigaba da inganta aikin aikace-aikacen hotuna. Karfe 2 kuma ya ba da damar GPUs da za a yi amfani dashi don ingantaccen na'ura na ilmantarwa, yana buɗe sababbin kayan aiki ga masu shirye-shirye da kuma aikace-aikace. Kuma idan your halin yanzu graphics katin ba har zuwa snuff, Metal 2 goyon bayan waje graphics katunan hade via Thunderbolt 3.
• Safari: Binciken yanar gizon tsoho, Safari yana ganin sabon fasahar da aka gabatar, ciki har da Rigakafin Kulawa na Intanit don kare tsare sirri kuma ba ka damar siffanta yadda ake aiwatar da tsare sirri a gaba ɗaya da shafin yanar gizon. Bugu da ƙari, Safari yana da damar haɓaka bidiyo na kai-tsaye, babban haɗin abokin haɓaka ga ikon da yake iya yanzu don toshe sauti mai kunnawa.
• Hotuna: Hotuna suna samun sababbin kayan aiki, ciki har da labarun gefe, gyarawa na Live Photos, da kuma sabon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don shirya hotunanku. Akwai kuma inganta ingantaccen fuska fuska, sabbin mabugi, da kuma kayan aikin gyarawa na Curves da Selective Color.

02 na 14

MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Sassa na asali: Satumba 20, 2016

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store)

MacOS Saliyo shine farkon jerin tsarin MacOS. Babban manufar sunan ya sauya daga OS X zuwa macOS shine ya hada da tsarin Apple na tsarin aiki a cikin wani nau'i mai suna: iOS, tvOS, watchOS, da macOS yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, da sunan canji, MacOS Sierra kawo tare da shi da dama sababbin fasali da sabuntawa ga ayyuka na yanzu.

• Siri: Siri na iya zama tsohuwar labari ga masu amfani da iOS, amma MacOS Sierra shine karo na farko Siri ya samo Mac . Mai taimako na samfurin yana samuwa daga Dock da Bar Menu, kuma daga hanyar gajeren hanya. Tare da ɗan aikin da mai amfani ya yi, ana iya yin Siri don amsawa da umarnin murya ba tare da fara kira Siri ba.
• APFS: Apple ya hada da samfurin sabon fayil din Apple File a matsayin ɓangare na MacOS Saliyo. APFS ba ta juya ta hanyar tsoho ba, kuma babu wani apps banda Terminal da za a iya amfani dashi don yin hulɗa tare da sabon tsarin fayil. A sakamakon haka, ƙananan masu amfani da Mac sun san sabon tsarin tsarin zamani na samuwa a yatsunsu.
• Night Shift: Night Shift aka kara zuwa macOS Sali tare da 10.12.4 release. Yana ɗaukar siffar da aka samo a cikin iOS wanda ya ba da damar nuni don ƙara haske mai haske kamar yadda maraice ke ci gaba. Ƙara yawan haske a cikin haske mai haske, tare da raguwa daidai a haske mai launin rawaya, an yarda ya taimakawa barci.
• Tsarin Gyara: Wannan sabon yanayin na MacOS yana ba ka damar amfani da ƙananan tafiyarwa amma har yanzu suna samun dama ga yawan adadin bayanai. Aiki tare da Drive iCloud, Kasuwanci Mafi Mahimmanci zai iya motsa wasu daga cikin bayananku na gida zuwa girgije, ba da damar kyauta sarari akan kayanku. Sanya bayanai har yanzu ya bayyana yana zama a gida, amma lokacin da kake buƙatar bayanin, an dawo da shi daga Fayil na iCloud.
• Shafuka A kowane wuri: Ayyukan da suka hada da goyan baya ga windows da yawa sun sami amfanar waɗannan windows suna samuwa daga shafin bar ta hanyar tsarin aiki.
• Amfani da Disk: Wannan kayan da aka yi amfani da shi ya sake sami damar ƙirƙirar da sarrafa Riras , wani ɓangaren da ya ɓace a cikin OS X El Capitan.

03 na 14

OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Sassa na asali: Satumba 30, 2015

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store)

Tsarin karshe na tsarin sarrafa Mac don amfani da noman OS X, El Capitan ya ga wadatar da dama , da kuma cire wasu siffofi, yana haifar da ƙira daga masu amfani da yawa.

• Sanya Duba: Rahoton Bidiyo ya kawo alama na iOS - ikon iya ganin allo guda biyu na gefe kusa - ga Mac. Mac ɗin na goyan bayan allon kwamfutarka ta hanyar OS X Lion, amma Split View ya kawo sabon damar zuwa fasalin.
• Multi-Touch Gestures: Yayin da tsarin aiki ya goyi bayan ayyukan taɓawa da yawa tun lokacin gabatar da Mouse da Magic Trackpad, El Capitan ya kawo goyon bayan kai tsaye don nunawa ga aikace-aikace daban-daban, ciki har da Mail da Saƙonni.
• Taswira: Taswirar Taswirar sun ga bayanan bayyane na hanyar sadarwa zuwa ga yanki yanki. An tallafawa tallafin farko ga manyan ƙananan hukumomi, amma an ƙara ƙarin taswirar tasiri tare da sabuntawa na gaba.
• Amfani da Disk: Rashin amfani da Disk ya ga babban mahimmancin ƙirar mai amfani, wanda ya haifar da asarar abubuwa da dama, ciki har da ikon yin halitta da kuma goyon bayan kayan RAID.
• Hasken haske: Bincike na Intanit ya ga bita, yanayin, labarai, da kuma wasanni na wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin abubuwa masu bincike.
• Tsarin Tsaro na Tsaro: SIP (Tsare-tsare Kariya na Tsaro) wani sabon tsarin tsaro ne wanda aka sanya a cikin OS. Tare da SIP, mafi yawan fayilolin tsarin da matakai ba za a iya canza su ta wasu aikace-aikacen ko tsarin ba, koda ma mai amfani yana da tushen tushen. SIP yana da matukar tasiri a hana tsarin dakatarwa, ta hanyar malware ko ta hanyar hadari.

04 na 14

OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

Farawa na asali: Oktoba 16, 2014

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store)

OS X Yosemite tare da shi babban mahimmanci na mai amfani. Duk da yake ayyukan da ke cikin ƙirar ya kasance kamar haka, kallon yana da mahimmanci, ya maye gurbin skeuomorph element philosophy na ainihin Mac, wanda ya yi amfani da zane-zane wanda ya nuna ainihin aikin wani abu, tare da zane mai zane mai siffar da ya dace da shi. dubawa mai amfani da aka gani a na'urorin iOS. Bugu da ƙari, canje-canje ga gumaka da menus, yin amfani da alamomi masu haske sun nuna bayyanar su.

Lucida Grande, wanda aka yi amfani da shi, ya maye gurbin Helvetica Neue, kuma Dock ya rasa siffar gilashi na 3D, an maye gurbinsa tare da madaidaicin zane-zane na 2D.

• Ci gaba da Kashewa: Yosemite ya hada da damar yin amfani da tsarin aiki tare da iOS 8 ko daga baya na'urori. Tare da amfani da Handoff, sabis wanda yayi amfani da Bluetooth LE da Wi-Fi, masu amfani zasu iya amfani da Macs su sanya ko amsa kira ta wayar ta iPhones, kazalika da amfani da iPhones don kafa hotspots, kyale Macs su haɗa su zuwa iPhone shirin bayanai. Ci gaba da amfani da wannan fasahar don ba da damar masu amfani su yi aiki a cikin wani app a kan na'ura ɗaya, ka ce iPad, sannan kuma ka karbi inda suka bar a cikin aikin daidai a kan Mac.
• Cibiyar sanarwar: Cibiyar Bayanin Ƙari ta kara da sabon Sabon yau duba cewa nuna ɗaukakawar kwanan nan, kamar yanayin, hannun jari, da abubuwan da ke cikin kalanda.
• Hotuna: Yosemite 10.10.3 ya ga iPhotos da Budewa sun maye gurbinsu da sabon fasalin hoton Hotuna. An aiwatar da hotuna na farko da ba su da yawa daga siffofin iPhotos ko Aperture cewa masu amfani sun dogara ne, kuma ana ganin su a matsayin mataki na baya da yawa. Bayan lokaci, sababbin sababbin Hotunan sun magance matsalolin masu amfani da yawa.
• Dark Dark: Wani sabon tsarin tsarin da ya rufe dutsen menu da Dock don kiyaye yanayin da yayi a yawancin apps don amfani da duhu.

05 na 14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Farawa na asali: Oktoba 22, 2013

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store)

OS X Mavericks alama ce ta ƙarshen sanya sunan tsarin aiki bayan babban cats; maimakon, Apple amfani da California wurin sunayen. Mavericks yana nufin daya daga cikin manyan raga-raye-raye na hawan igiyar ruwa da aka gudanar a kowace shekara a bakin tekun California, kusa da Pillar Point, a waje da garin Half Moon Bay.

Canje-canje a Mavericks sun maida hankalin rage rage amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma bunkasa rayuwar batir.

• Amfani da lokaci: Wannan dabara ta rage amfani da CPU ta aiki tare. Wannan ya ba CPU damar yin aiki a lokacin da yake farka, kuma ya bar barci CPU na faruwa tsawon lokaci. Sakamakon ƙarshen shi ne rashin farka daga barci, saurin aiki da yawa, kuma rage amfani da baturi saboda lokutan kwanakin CPU mafi tsawo.
• App Nap: Kafin App Nap, wasu aikace-aikace suna gudana amma ba yin wani aiki mai amfani; misali, jira don shigar da mai amfani zai iya ci gaba da sarrafawa aiki, rushe wutar lantarki da kuma samar da zafin jiki don babu hakikanin riba. App Nap zai iya sanya saitunan mutum su barci lokacin da ba su da aiki, ko idan an rufe akwatunan windows da maganganun su ta wasu kayan aiki akan allon.
• Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya: Mavericks ya ga gabatar da sabuwar tsarin kulawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ya hana hana ƙwaƙwalwar faifan, kuma ya yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Sakamakon ƙarshen ita shine ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ta ƙãra aikace-aikace ta hanyar yin amfani da wuri na RAM mafi kyau. Har ila yau, yana da tasirin da ake bukata na ƙananan RAM don yin ayyuka, yin Mac tare da ƙananan RAM ɗin da aka shigar ya yi kamar yadda ya fi yadda ya yi.
• iCloud Keychain: Masu amfani da izini don adana kalmomin shiga, sunayen masu amfani, da kuma sauran bayanan ID a cikin iCloud, sannan kuma amfani da bayanan akan kowane na'urorin Apple.
• Taswira: An gabatar da aikace-aikace na Maps zuwa Mac, yana nuna alamun Maps wanda aka samo a cikin na'urorin iOS.
• Safari: An gabatar da sabuwar na'ura ta Chrome tare da Safari cewa ya kara yawan aikin Safari, yana bugawa Chrome da Firefox cikin ayyuka da dama.
• Mai nema: Mai Nemi ya kara da ƙirar mai amfani da tabbatattun abubuwa, tare da sabon tsarin tagging don tsara fayiloli.

06 na 14

OS X Mountain Lion (10.8x)

Sassa na asali: Yuli 25, 2012

Farashin: Saukewa kyauta (yana buƙatar samun dama ga Mac App Store)

Tsarin karshe na tsarin aiki da za'a kira bayan babban babban cat, OS X Mountain Lion ya ci gaba da burin daidaitawa Mac da iOS ayyuka. Don taimakawa kawo kayan aiki tare, Kayan Red Lion ya ba da adireshin Adireshin zuwa Lambobin sadarwa, iCal zuwa Kalanda, kuma ya maye gurbin IChat tare da Saƙonni. Tare da canje-canje na sunan suna, sababbin sassan sun sami sauki tsarin don daidaita bayanai tsakanin na'urorin Apple.

• Cibiyar sanarwar: New tare da Mountain Lion, Cibiyar Bayarwa ta samar da hanyar da aka ƙulla don karbarwa da shirya shirya faɗakarwa da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo.
• Bayanan kula: Sau ɗaya sashin Mail ɗin, An kaddamar da bayanin kula kamar yadda ya keɓaɓɓen app; wannan ya dace da aiwatar da Takaddun shaida a iOS. An daidaita bayanan kula a duk faɗin na'urorin Apple masu amfani.
• Saƙonni: Sabon Saƙonnin Saƙo ya maye gurbin abin da aka yi la'akari da shi wanda ya kasance aikace-aikacen saƙon saƙo na baya-baya a cikin ƙarni na baya na OS X. Saƙonni sun goyi bayan ka'idojin iMessage Apple na amfani da na'urori na iOS, da XMPP (Jabber), AIM (AOL Instant Messaging ), da OSCAR, da kuma haɗi zuwa Yahoo! Manzo da Google Talk.
• Cibiyar Wasanni: Wani sabon aikace-aikacen yin kirkiro daga iOS, Cibiyar Wasanni ya ba ka izinin wasa da sauran 'yan wasa na Wasannin Wasanni, ci gaba da lura da kwarewa da ci gaba, kuma bi jagoran jagorancin kowane wasa.
• AirPlay Mirroring: Wannan sabon yanayin ya yarda da abun ciki na nuni don bayyana a kan na'urar Apple TV a cibiyar sadarwar ku.

07 na 14

OS X Lion (10.7.x)

Sassa na asali: Yuli 20, 2011

Farashin: Saukewa (yana bukatar OS X Snow Leopard don samun damar Mac App Store)

Lion shine tsarin farko na tsarin sarrafa Mac wanda aka samo a matsayin saukewa daga Mac App Store, kuma ana buƙatar Mac tare da na'ura mai sarrafa kwamfuta 64-bit. Wannan mahimmanci yana nufin cewa wasu Intel Macs na farko da suka yi amfani da na'urorin sarrafa Intel 32-bit ba za a iya sabuntawa zuwa OS X Lion ba. Bugu da ƙari, Lion ya sauke goyon baya ga Rosetta, wani nau'i mai kwakwalwa wanda ya kasance sashi na farkon OS X. Rosetta ya yarda da takardun da aka rubuta don PowerPC Macs (ba na Intel) don gudanar da Macs da ke amfani da na'urorin sarrafa kwamfuta ba.

OS X Lion shi ne mabuɗin farko na tsarin sarrafa Mac don hada abubuwa daga iOS; saɓin OS X da iOS ya fara tare da wannan saki. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin Lion shine ya fara haifar da daidaituwa tsakanin OS guda biyu, domin mai amfani zai iya motsa tsakanin su biyu ba tare da ainihin bukatun horarwa ba. Don sauƙaƙe wannan, an kara sababbin sababbin fasali da apps wanda ya sanya mimbone yadda yada aiki na iOS.

• Launchpad: Wannan sabon launin aikace-aikacen ya duba kuma ya yi aiki kamar lalata kayan aiki a iOS. Saboda Launchpad ne mai amfani, ba ta maye gurbin akwatin Dock ko Aikace-aikace ba; maimakon haka, kawai ya miƙa wata hanya don fara samfurori.
• Gungura Bars: iOS yana amfani da dabara da ake kira jujjuya ta halitta, kuma OS X Lion ya haɗa shi a matsayin hanya ta gungura ta gaba. Ga masu amfani da Mac masu yawa, sakamakon ya kasance mai ban mamaki, yayin da aka juya da jagorar mai juyawa. Abin godiya, zaɓukan tsarin ya ba ka damar zaɓar hanyar da kake so ka yi amfani da shi . Bugu da ƙari ga ƙuƙwalwa na halitta, sandan gungurawa sun zama marasa ganuwa idan ba a yi amfani ba. Wannan kuma za a iya canzawa a cikin abubuwan da aka zaɓa.
• Ajiye Auto da Saurari: New tare da OS X Lion, Ajiyayyen Auto ya yarda da ayyukan don adana takardun aiki kamar yadda kake aiki akan su; Sassaiyoyi sun ba ka damar samun damar sake duba bayanan da aka yi a baya.
• Layout Space Space Randomization: Wannan haɗin tsaro ya ba da tsarin da bayanan aikace-aikacen zuwa wuraren da aka zaɓa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wannan zai iya taimakawa hana malware daga zangon wurin da aka sani don yinwa kanta cikin aikace-aikacen ko sabis.
• Fault File 2: Samfurin Fayil ɗin da aka Samu don ba da cikakken ɓoyayyen ɓoye maimakon nau'in ɓoyeccen sarari mai amfani.

08 na 14

OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.x)

Asali na asali: Agusta 28, 2010

Farashin: $ 29 mai amfani guda; $ 49 iyali (5 masu amfani); samuwa a kan CD / DVD

Snow Leopard shi ne jerin karshe na OS da aka bayar a kan kafofin watsa labaru (DVD). Har ila yau, ya fi tsofaffin version na Mac tsarin aiki har yanzu zaka iya sayan kai tsaye daga Apple Store ($ 19.99).

An yi tunanin Leopard mai suna Leopard kamar yadda kamfanin Mac din na karshe yake. Bayan Snow Leopard, tsarin aiki ya fara kunshe da raguwa da guda guda na iOS don kawo tsarin dandamali mai mahimmanci ga tsarin Apple (iPhone) da tebur (Mac).

Snow Leopard shi ne tsarin bitar 64-bit, amma kuma ya kasance na karshe na OS wanda ke goyan bayan sarrafawa 32-bit, irin su Intel's Core Solo da Core Duo waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin Intel Macs na farko. Snow Leopard shi ne tsarin karshe na OS X wanda zai iya yin amfani da Rosetta emulator don gudu apps da aka rubuta don PowerPC Macs.

• Mac App Store: Snow Leopard shi ne na farko na OS don kunsa Mac App Store don sayen, sauke, shigar, da kuma sabunta Mac apps , ciki har da Mac aiki tsarin. An ƙara Mac Store App tare da saki 10.6.6.
• Mai nema: An sake sake gano Mawallafin a Cikin Ciki don taimakawa wajen bunkasa aikin da yayi da kuma amfani da sabon fasahar da aka gina cikin tsarin aiki.
• Taimakon Multi-Touch: Snow Leopard shi ne tsarin farko na OS wanda ya haɗa da goyon bayan goyan baya don yawancin taɓawa. Maganin Macs da suka rigaya sunyi amfani da hanyoyi masu yawa suna da iyakancewa ta hanyar yawan gwanon hannu da aka tallafawa.
• OS Halin ƙafa: Ƙarƙashin Leopard na Snow ya rage ƙasa da 7 GB na sararin samaniya.
• AppleTalk: Saitunan da aka yi amfani dasu na farko da Apple ke ba da tallafi.
• Camp Boot: Boot Camp ya sami damar karatu da kwafin fayilolin daga HFS.

09 na 14

OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Farawa na asali: Oktoba 26, 2007

Farashin: $ 129 ɗaya mai amfani: $ 199 shirya iyali (5 masu amfani): samuwa a kan CD / DVD

Leopard wata babbar inganta ce daga Tiger, watau OS X na baya. A cewar Apple, ya ƙunshi fiye da 300 canje-canje da ingantawa. Yawancin waɗannan canje-canjen, duk da haka, sune fasahar fasahar da masu amfani da ƙarshe ba za su gani ba, ko da yake masu ci gaba sun iya amfani da su.

Kaddamar da OS X Leopard ya yi marigayi, tun da farko an shirya shi don saki a karshen shekara ta 2006. An yi la'akari da dalilin jinkirta cewa albarkatun Apple sun watsar da iPhone, wanda aka nuna wa jama'a a karo na farko a watan Janairun 2007, kuma ya sayarwa a watan Yuni.

• Time Machine: Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sababbin siffofi a Leopard shine farkon shigar da Time Machine , sa'an nan kuma mai sauƙi na madadin aikace-aikacen da ke da sauki a kafa da kuma amfani da, har ma sauƙi don samo da kuma mayar da fayilolin mutum idan an buƙata.
• Boot Camp: Kodayake masu amfani sun riga sun yi taɗi tare da hanyoyin da za su gudanar da Windows a kan matakan Mac ɗin na Mac, Boot Camp shi ne hanyar farko da aka amince da ita kuma Apple ya karfafa shi . Boot Camp ya ba da kayan aiki don rabu da ƙwaƙwalwa na Mac don haɗawa da matakan Windows, da kuma direbobi suna buƙatar damar Windows ta aiki tare da hardware na Mac.
• Wuraren: An ba da izinin ƙirƙirar kwamfyutoci masu kama-da-gidanka, kowanne yana dauke da aikace-aikacen da windows da aka yi amfani da su don ayyuka na musamman . Zaka iya ƙirƙirar sarari don aiki tare da imel da bincike yanar gizo, wani don caca, da kuma na uku don samfurori masu aiki. Ba'a iyakance ku da yawan "wurare" da za ku iya zuwa tare da.
• Gano Saurin : Ɗaukaka aikin da aka ba da izini a duba kundin sauri ba tare da kaddamar da aikace-aikace da ya halicce su ba.
• Canjin Canjin Mai amfani: Leopard ya haɗa da wasu ƙananan canje-canje mai amfani, wanda ya haɗa da 3D Dock da kuma ma'aunin menu na gaskiya. An maye gurbin alamar Apple mai launin yawa a cikin maɓallin menu tare da kowane ɓangare na baki.
• Aikace-aikacen Shiga: Leopard ita ce farkon tsarin Mac ɗin da ke amfani da alamar maɓalli na jama'a don tabbatar da cewa ba a haɓaka da aikace-aikacen ba, ko kuma ɗaukakawar sun kasance ainihin wannan app kuma ba wani ɓangaren malware ba.

10 na 14

OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

Asali na asali: Afrilu 29, 2005

Farashin: $ 129 mai amfani daya; $ 199 ƙungiyar iyali (masu amfani 5); samuwa a kan CD / DVD

OS X Tiger shi ne tsarin tsarin aiki wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin da aka saki Intel Macs na farko. Tarin asali na Tiger kawai yana goyan bayan Macs mai sarrafawa mai ƙarfi PowerPC; wani nau'i na musamman na Tiger (10.4.4) ya haɗa tare da Intel Macs. Wannan ya haifar da rikicewa tsakanin masu amfani, da dama daga cikinsu sun yi ƙoƙari su sake shigar da Tiger a kan IMacs na Intel kawai don neman samfurin asali ba zai ɗauka ba. Hakazalika, masu amfani da PowerPC da suka sayi samfurori na Tiger da ke Intanet suka gano cewa abin da suke da shi shine samfurin Microsoft wanda ya zo tare da Mac.

Ba a yada tasirin Tiger mai girma ba har sai an saki Leopard OS X; ya haɗa da ƙananan binaries wanda zai iya gudu a kan PowerPC ko Intel Macs.

• Rosetta: Wannan fassarar fassarar da aka haɗa tare da wasu sassan OS X Tiger sun yarda da takardun da aka rubuta don sarrafawa PowerPC don yin aiki a kan Intel Macs.
• Hasken haske: Wannan fasahar bincike na farko ya fara fitowa a Tiger, yana ba da damar yin amfani da Hasken haske don bincika dukkan nau'ikan da ke cikin Mac. Hasken wuta kuma ya gabatar da manufar Smart Folders , manyan fayilolin da aka ƙaddamar da abun ciki akai-akai bisa la'akari da zafin bincike wanda aka halicci mai amfani. Wannan ya sanya masu amfani su kirkiro Folders masu kyau wanda zasu ƙunshi, alal misali, dukan takardun da suka yi aiki a cikin makon da ya gabata.
• iChat AV: Wannan ƙari ga tsarin saƙon iChat ya bawa damar zuwa mutane hudu su shiga cikin taron bidiyo.
• Dashboard: Yanayin da ya ƙyale ayyukan da aka kirkiro tare da kawai HTML, CSS, da JavaScript don gudu. An yi amfani da kayan aiki a Widgets, kuma an yi la'akari da dawo da Desk Accessories, wani nau'in aikace-aikacen da aka saba a cikin Mac OS ta baya.
• Mai sarrafa atomatik: Wannan kayan aikin rubutun ya bawa masu amfani damar haɗi tare aikace-aikacen da ayyuka da suka zauna a kan Macs, ya bar su su haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta atomatik tare da ƙirar mai sauƙin ganewa.
• Wurin Mai amfani na 64-bit: Tiger ta goyi bayan masu sarrafawa 32-bit da 64-bit. Bugu da ƙari, Tiger zai iya tallafawa yankin mai amfani 64-bit na sararin samaniya, fadada adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da za a iya magance shi.

11 daga cikin 14

OS X Panther (10.3.x)

Farawa na asali: Oktoba 24, 2003

Farashin: $ 129 mai amfani daya; $ 199 ƙungiyar iyali (masu amfani 5); samuwa a kan CD / DVD

Panther ya ci gaba da al'adar OS X ta sake samar da ingantaccen kayan aiki. Wannan ya faru kamar yadda masu ci gaba Apple suka ci gaba da tsaftacewa da haɓaka lambar da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin sabuwar tsarin aiki.

Panther kuma ya fara alama a karo na farko OS X ya fara zubar da goyon baya ga samfurori na Mac, ciki har da Beige G3 da Wall Street PowerBook G3. Misalin da aka bari duk sun yi amfani da Macintosh Toolbox ROM a kan hanyar da ta dace. A Toolbox ROM dauke da lambar da aka yi amfani da su don aiwatar da wasu matakai na farko da aka yi amfani da su a kan classic Mac tsara. Mafi mahimmanci, ana amfani da ROM don sarrafa tsarin taya, aikin da yake ƙarƙashin Panther yanzu an sarrafa shi ta Open Firmware.

• Mai nema: Mai binciken yayi amfani da sabon karamin karfe wanda ya haɗa da sabon labarun customizable mai amfani. Bugu da ƙari, Mai Nemi ya ƙunshi goyon bayan kai tsaye don zayyana da fayiloli na ɓoyewa.
• Saurin Sauke Mai amfani: Wannan yanayin ya bari mai amfani ya kasance mai shiga yayin da wani mai amfani ya shiga kuma ya mallaki Mac.
• Exposé: Mai sarrafa window wanda ya ba da izini a buɗe dukkanin windows don nuna su a matsayin zane-zane, bari mai amfani ya sauya tsakanin su.

12 daga cikin 14

OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

Sassa na asali: Agusta 23, 2002

Farashin: $ 129 mai amfani daya; $ 199 ƙungiyar iyali (masu amfani 5); samuwa a kan CD / DVD

Jaguar na daya daga cikin OS X na ƙaunataccena, ko da yake wannan yana iya zama yafi saboda yadda Steve Jobs ya bayyana sunan yayin gabatarwa: jag-u-waarrr. Wannan kuma shine farkon sashe na OS X inda aka yi amfani da sunan asalin cat. Kafin Jaguar, sunaye sune sanannun jama'a, amma Apple kullum suna magana da su a cikin wallafe-wallafe ta hanyar lambar.

OS X Jaguar ya haɗu da wani kyakkyawan samfuri a kan tsohon version. Wannan abin fahimta ne kamar yadda tsarin OS X ke sarrafawa har yanzu ana sauraron sauti na masu cigaba. Jaguar kuma ya ga cigaba mai ban sha'awa a cikin kayan fasaha, mafi yawa saboda sun haɗa da direbobi masu kyan gani sosai don sabon katin ATI da NVIDIA na katunan katunan AGP.

• MPEG-4: Taimako ga tsarin MPEG-4 an gina shi zuwa Jaguar ta hanyar QuickTime.
• Littafin Adireshi: Wannan shine farkon bayyanar littafin Adireshin don adana bayanin lamba.
• iTunes: Ko da yake iTunes na samuwa ga Mac a baya, wannan shine farkon OS X wanda ya hada da iTunes app.
• Inkwell: Inkwell ya ba da tabbacin rubutun hannu. Wannan fasaha ya samo asali ne ga Newton OS, da kuma mai taimakawa Newton na sirri na gajeren lokaci.
• Sadarwar: Wannan yarjejeniyar sadarwar ta ƙyale na'urori a cibiyar sadarwar gida don gano wasu na'urori, yin saitin sadarwa da yawa yawan tsari da kunnawa. An sake baza sunan Rendezvous ga Bonjour a cikin sassan OS X.
• Rajista: An sabunta HFS + tsarin fayil tare da tallafin jarida. Rikicin yana ƙara dogara ga tsarin fayil ɗin, kuma ya kara haɓaka bayanai.
• Samun Bayani na Duniya: Wannan fasalin ya samar da hanyoyin samar da dama don Mac don ba da damar yin amfani da sauƙin amfani da mutane da nau'i daban-daban.
• CUPS: An samar da tsarin tsarin bugawa a OS X don tallafawa CUPS (Dandalin Bugawa ta Unix). Wannan ya ba da damar ƙarin zaɓin kwafi don masu amfani da Mac, tun da sauƙaƙe ana iya amfani da direbobi maimakon al'ada waɗanda aka tsara don Mac.
• SMB (Samba): Jaguar ya hada da goyon bayan Samba, uwar garken budewa wanda zai iya aiki tare da tsarin sadarwar SMB na Microsoft. Wannan ya ba da izini mai sauƙi da kuma amfani da fayil da kuma bugawa a tsakanin Macs da Windows PCs.
• Mac mai dadi: Jaguar ya nuna ƙarshen Happy Mac, mai nuna kyamara wanda ya nuna fuska mai haske. A madadinsa, Jaguar yayi amfani da alamar ta Apple.

13 daga cikin 14

OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Sassa na asali: Satumba 25, 2001

Farashin: $ 129; sabuntawa don masu amfani na Cheetah; samuwa a kan CD / DVD

An kalli Puma mafi yawa a matsayin gyara na buguwa ga OS X Cheetah na ainihi wanda ya riga ya wuce. Haka kuma Puma ya ba da wasu ƙananan ƙaramin ƙaruwa. Watakila mafi yawancin masu faɗi shine asalin sakin Puma ba shine tsarin sarrafawa na kwamfutar kwakwalwar Macintosh ba; maimakon, Mac ya ci gaba har zuwa Mac OS 9.x. Masu amfani zasu iya canzawa zuwa OS X Puma, idan sun so.

Ba har sai OS X 10.1.2 cewa Apple ya kafa Puma a matsayin tsarin tsarin da aka saba ba don sabon Macs.

• Kyauta CD da DVD mafi kyau: Mai Nemi da iTunes sun haɗa da goyon baya kai tsaye don aiki tare da CDs da DVDs ; Za a iya buga DVD a cikin na'urar Apple DVD player.
• Ƙarin Mai kwakwalwa mai bugawa: Apple ya ce OS X Puma yana da fiye da 200 direbobi na kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, bugu ya kasance batun tare da sababbin OS X a matsayin 'yan marubuta masu yawa da suka haɗa da goyon baya ga shi.
• New OpenGL Drivers: Sabbin masu jagororin OpenGL sun inganta fasahar haɓaka, musamman ga abubuwa 3D da aka yi amfani da su a cikin mai amfani da aikace-aikace.
• ColorSync: ColorSync ya kawo gudanarwa launi zuwa OS X , yana barin masu amfani su yi kyau-sautin launi da aka gani akan nuni da kuma kayan kayan bugawa.
• Ɗaukar Hoton Hotuna: An kara amfani da wannan amfani na Puma don ba da damar hotunan daga kyamarori na dijital da kuma bayanan da za a sauke zuwa Mac ba tare da buƙatar ƙirar ta musamman daga masu sayar da wasu ba.

14 daga cikin 14

OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

Sassa na asali: Maris 24, 2001

Farashin: $ 129; samuwa a kan CD / DVD

Cheetah shine farkon sakin OS X, kodayake akwai beta na gaba na OS X. OS X ya kasance canji daga Mac OS wanda ya riga ya wuce Cheetah. Yana wakiltar sabon tsarin aiki wanda aka raba shi daga OS ta farko wadda ta yi amfani da Macintosh na ainihi.

OS X an gina shi a kan asali na Unix wanda ya ƙunshi lambar da Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, da Mach suka bunkasa. Kernel (a matsayin ƙwayar matasan) ta amfani da Mach 3 da abubuwa daban-daban na BSD, ciki har da tarihin cibiyar sadarwa da kuma tsarin fayil. Haɗe tare da lambar daga NeXTSTEP (mallakar Apple) da kuma Apple, an san tsarin tsarin aiki kamar Darwin, kuma an sake shi a matsayin na'urar budewa ta Windows License.

Matsakanin mafi girma na tsarin aiki, ciki har da ginshiƙan Cocoa da Carbon da masu amfani da Apple ke amfani da ita don gina kayan aiki da ayyuka, sun kasance tushen asali.

Cheetah yana da matsalolin kaɗan lokacin da aka saki, ciki har da wani hali don samar da kwayoyin kernel a kwandon hat. Da alama wasu matsalolin sun fito ne daga tsarin kula da ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ya saba da Darwin da OS X Cheetah. Sauran sababbin siffofin da aka samo a Cheetah sun hada da:

• Dock: Dock ya kasance wani kayan aikin aikace-aikace da aka gabatar a matsayin band tare da kasa ko bangarori na nuni. Ana iya sanya alamun da ke wakiltar aikace-aikace da takardu (docked) a cikin Dock, yana sa su sauƙi don samun dama da kuma kaddamar.
• Terminal: Ƙaƙidar Terminal da aka ba damar damar shiga tsarin aikin Darwin ta yin amfani da hanyar daidaitaccen umarni na umarni. Har zuwa Terminal, Mac OS yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsarin da ba su da hanyar yin amfani da layin umarni.
• Mail: OS X ya zo tare da mai asusun imel na ciki .
• Amfani da ƙwaƙwalwa: Lokacin da Mac OS ya iya yin amfani da multitasking, ya yi amfani da tsarin hadin gwiwar, tare da aiki na kowane aikace-aikacen da ake nema, kuma ana ba da shi, yin amfani da albarkatun tsarin. Yin amfani da multitasking da yawa yana tabbatar da samun dama ga tsarin idan an buƙata.
• Aqua UI: Sabuwar hanyar mai amfani da ake kira Aqua. A lokacin Cheetah, Steve Jobs ya ambata maɓallai uku a kan mafi yawan windows, da'awar cewa sun shafe lokaci mai yawa suna sa su yi kyau sosai da cewa sun "lakafta."
• PDF Support: Aikace-aikace sun iya samar da PDFs ta amfani da ayyukan bugu da aka gina a cikin OS X.
• Mazaita: Asali, Apple ya kalli ta amfani da Nuni PostScript don fitar da hotunan hotunan OS X; ra'ayin ya dogara akan yadda NeXTSTEP yayi amfani da Nuni PostScript a cikin samfurori. Maimakon haka, Apple ya ci gaba da fasaha na nuni wanda aka sani da Quartz, wanda ya yi amfani da PostScript don ya ɓoye matakan tsaka-tsakin matsakaici kamar yadda aka fassara ta PDF.
• AppleScript: OS X ya haɗa da harshen rubutun AppleScript da aka haɗa da Mac tun daga System 7 (Mac OS).
• Sherlock: Tsarin binciken don gano bayanan da ke zaune a kan Mac ko yanar gizo.
• Majiyar Tsarewa: Ana ba da izini aikace-aikacen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke hana aikace-aikacen da zai ɓata wurinta na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga ƙyaƙuwa zuwa wasu wurare ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar amfani da sauran kayan aiki da kuma ayyukan sabis.