Kusan kowane na'ura mai sarrafawa yana buƙatar RAM. Yi la'akari da na'urar da kuka fi so (misali wayowin komai da ruwan, Allunan, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, masu lissafin lissafi, HDTVs, tsarin wasanni na hannu, da dai sauransu), kuma ya kamata ka sami wasu bayanai game da RAM. Kodayake dukkan RAM suna amfani da wannan manufa ɗaya, akwai wasu nau'ikan iri dabam-dabam da ake amfani dashi a yau:
- RAM mai mahimmanci (SRAM)
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- RAM Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
- Rikicin Data Rate RAM Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
- Rabin Bayanan Data Daidai RAM Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)
- Ra'ayin Bayanin Bayanai Na Biyu Dangane RAM Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)
- Flash Memory
Mene ne RAM?
RAM yana tsaye ne don Random Access Memory , kuma yana bada kwakwalwa ga sararin samaniya wanda ake buƙata don sarrafa bayanai da warware matsaloli a wannan lokacin. Kuna iya yin la'akari da shi kamar rubutun takarda mai maimaitawa wanda za ku rubuta bayanan kula, lambobi, ko zane akan fensir. Idan kun fita daga cikin dakin a kan takarda, kuna yin karin ta hanyar sharewa abin da kuka daina bukata; RAM yana nuna irin wannan lokacin idan yana buƙatar karin sarari don magance bayanai na wucin gadi (watau software / shirye-shirye). Ƙananan takardun takarda zai ba ka damar yin karin bayani (da girma) a lokaci kafin ka shafe; karin RAM cikin kwakwalwa suna ba da irin wannan sakamako.
RAM ya zo a cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri (watau yadda yake haɗuwa da shi ko kuma haɓaka tare da tsarin sarrafawa), ƙarfin (auna a MB ko GB ), gudu (auna a MHz ko GHz ), da kuma gine-gine. Wadannan da sauran al'amurra suna da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da lokacin haɓaka tsarin tare da RAM, kamar yadda tsarin kwamfuta (misali hardware, motherboards) dole su bi ka'idojin daidaitawa. Misali:
- Kwamfuta na tsofaffi ba su yiwuwa su sauke nau'ikan fasaha ta RAM ba
- Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ba zai dace ba a kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka (kuma a madadin)
- RAM ba koyaushe a jere ba
- Kayan tsari ba zai iya haɗuwa da daidaita nau'ikan / rukunin RAM tare ba
RAM mai mahimmanci (SRAM)
Lokaci a Kasuwa: 1990s don gabatarwa
Kayayyakin Kasuwanci Yin amfani da SRAM: Damarori na zamani, hanyoyin sadarwa, masu bugawa, LCD fuska
Daya daga cikin nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya guda biyu (wanda yake shi ne DRAM), SRAM na buƙatar naɗa wutar lantarki don aiki. Saboda ci gaba da ci gaba, SRAM ba ta buƙata a 'raƙuma' don tuna da adreshin da aka adana ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira SRAM '' 'ƙayyadadden' - babu wani canje-canje ko aiki (misali na shakatawa) don kiyaye bayanan bayanai. Duk da haka, SRAM wani ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ne, wanda ke nufin cewa duk bayanan da aka adana zai ɓace sau ɗaya idan aka yanke ikon.
Abubuwan amfani da amfani da SRAM (vs. DRAM) suna amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙananan gudu. Rashin rashin amfani da amfani da SRAM (vs. DRAM) ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙananan farashin masana'antu. Saboda wadannan halaye, ana amfani da SRAM yawanci a:
- CPU cache (misali L1, L2, L3)
- Hard drive buffer / cache
- Maɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci na lamba (DACs) a kan katunan bidiyo
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Lokaci a kasuwar: 1970 zuwa tsakiyar 1990s
Kayayyakin Kasuwanci Yin amfani da DRAM: Wasanni game wasanni, sadarwar kayan aiki
Daya daga cikin nau'o'i biyu na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ɗayan SRAM), DRAM na buƙatar lokaci na 'refresh' na ikon don aiki. Masu ƙirar da ke adana bayanai a DRAM suna fitar da makamashi a hankali; babu makamashi yana nufin bayanan ya ɓace. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira DRAM 'tsauri' - canjin canji ko aiki (misali na shakatawa) ana buƙata don kiyaye bayanan bayanai. DRAM kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ce, wanda ke nufin cewa duk bayanan ajiyayyu zasu ɓace sau ɗaya idan aka yanke ikon.
Amfanin amfani da DRAM (vs. SRAM) ƙananan farashin masana'antu da ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwa. Rashin rashin amfani da amfani da DRAM (vs. SRAM) suna samun damar yin amfani da sauri da kuma amfani da karfi. Saboda wadannan halaye, ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin:
- Memory tsarin
- Bidiyo ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
A cikin shekarun 1990s, an bunkasa RAM Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM), bayan juyin halitta, Burst EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). Wadannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun yi kira saboda ƙara yawan aiki / haɓaka a farashin ƙananan. Duk da haka, fasaha ya ɓacewa ta hanyar cigaban SDRAM.
RAM Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
Lokacin a kasuwar: 1993 don gabatarwa
Kayan Kayan amfani Yin amfani da SDRAM: Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta, wasanni na wasan bidiyo
SDRAM wani samfurin DRAM ne wanda ke aiki don daidaitawa tare da agogo CPU , wanda ke nufin cewa yana jiran sautin agogo kafin amsawa ga shigar da bayanai (misali na mai amfani). Ya bambanta, DRAM yana da mahimmanci, wanda ke nufin ya amsa nan da nan zuwa shigarwar bayanai. Amma amfanar aiki tare shi ne cewa CPU na iya aiwatar da umarni masu mahimmanci a cikin layi daya, wanda aka fi sani da 'pipelining' - ikon karɓar (karanta) sabon umarni kafin a fara warware umarnin baya (rubuta).
Kodayake ƙin kullewa bai shafi lokacin da yake buƙatar aiwatar da umarnin ba, yana ƙyale ƙarin umarnin da za'a kammala a lokaci daya. Tsarin karatun da aka karanta kuma daya rubuta umarnin kowace maimaita binciken sake zagaye na gaggawa a mafi girman yawan canjin CPU / yi. SDRAM tana tallafawa haɓaka saboda yadda aka raba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa bankunan bankunan, wanda shine abin da ya haifar da fifiko mai yawa a kan tsarin DRAM.
Rikicin Data Rate RAM Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
Lokacin a kasuwar: 1993 don gabatarwa
Kayan Kasuwanci Amfani da SDR SDRAM: Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta, wasanni na wasan bidiyo
SDR SDRAM shine lokacin da aka ƙaddamar don SDRAM - nau'i biyu suna daya kuma daidai, amma mafi yawancin ana kiran su kawai SDRAM. Kalmar 'data ɗaya' ta nuna yadda ƙimar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ke karantawa da kuma rubuta takarda ta kowane lokaci. Wannan lakabin zai taimaka wajen kwatanta kwatancin tsakanin SDR SDRAM da DDR SDRAM:
- DDR SDRAM shine ainihin ƙarni na biyu na SDR SDRAM
Rabin Bayanan Data Daidai RAM Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM)
Lokaci a Kasuwa: 2000 don gabatarwa
Kayan Kasuwanci Amfani da DDR SDRAM: Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta
DDR SDRAM yana aiki kamar SDR SDRAM, sau biyu kawai azumi. DDR SDRAM yana iya aiki biyu da rubutun kalmomi biyu tare da kowane lokaci (saboda haka 'ninki'). Kodayake irin wannan aiki, DDR SDRAM yana da bambance-bambance na jiki (nau'i 184 da guda ɗaya akan mai haɗawa) tare da SDR SDRAM (168 kuma maki biyu akan mai haɗawa). DDR SDRAM yana aiki a ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki (2.5 V daga 3.3 V), yana hana ƙwaƙwalwar baya tare da SDR SDRAM.
- DDR2 SDRAM shine sabuntawar juyin halitta zuwa DDR SDRAM. Duk da yake har yanzu sau biyu bayanai (aiki biyu karanta da biyu rubuta umarnin da agogon sake zagayowar), DDR2 SDRAM ya sauri domin zai iya gudu a mafi girma agogon gudu. Na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na DDR (ba a rufe ba ) DDR ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun fito a 200 MHz, yayin da DDR2 ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙirar ke fitowa a 533 MHz. DDR2 SDRAM yana gudana a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki (1.8 V) tare da wasu fil (240), wanda zai hana karfin haɗin baya.
- DDR3 SDRAM ya inganta aikin DDR2 SDRAM ta hanyar aiki mai sassauci (dogara), ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amfani da ƙananan ƙarfi (1.5 V), kuma mafi girman daidaitaccen agogon gudu (har zuwa 800 Mhz). Kodayake DDR3 SDRAM tana raba nau'in nau'in iri a matsayin DDR2 SDRAM (240), duk sauran al'amurran sun hana daidaito baya.
- DDR4 SDRAM ya inganta aikin DDR3 SDRAM ta hanyar aiki da ƙwaƙwalwar sigina (dogara), har ma mafi yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko da ƙananan ikon yin amfani (1.2 V), kuma ƙarami mai tsawo ya fi ƙarfin (har zuwa 1600 Mhz). DDR4 SDRAM tana amfani da daidaitattun nau'in 288, wanda ma ya hana karfin haɗin baya.
Ra'idodin Bayanin Sauye-Bayanai Masu Sauye-sauye Rikicin RAM Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)
Lokaci a Kasuwa: 2003 don gabatarwa
Popular Products Yin amfani da GDDR SDRAM: Video graphics cards, wasu Allunan
GDDR SDRAM wani nau'i ne na DDR SDRAM wanda aka tsara musamman don bidiyon fasali, yawanci a tare tare da GPU mai ɗora (na'ura mai sarrafa hoto) akan katin bidiyo . An san wasannin PC na yau da kullum don tura ambulaf tare da yanayin haɗakarwa mai mahimmanci, sau da yawa yana buƙatar samfurori masu mahimmanci da kuma kayan aikin kati mafi kyau don yin wasa (musamman lokacin yin amfani da madaidaici na 720p ko 1080p ).
- Kamar DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM yana da nasa samin juyin halitta (inganta aikin da rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki): GDDR2 SDRAM, GDDR3 SDRAM, GDDR4 SDRAM, da GDDR5 SDRAM.
Duk da raba irin halaye masu kama da DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM ba daidai ba ne. Akwai bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki da yadda GDDR SDRAM ke aiki, musamman game da yadda aka yi amfani da bandwidth akan latency. GDDR SDRAM ana sa ran aiwatar da bayanai masu yawa (bandwidth), amma ba dole ba ne a cikin sauri (latency) - yi la'akari da hanyoyi 16 da aka kafa a 55 MPH. Daidai ne, DDR SDRAM ana tsammanin yana da ƙananan hanzari don amsawa zuwa CPU nan da nan - tunani kan hanyar da aka yi a kan raguwa 2 da aka saita a 85 MPH.
Flash Memory
Lokacin a kasuwar: 1984 don gabatarwa
Kayan Kasuwanci Amfani da Flash Memory: Kayan kyamarori, wayoyin komai da ruwan / Allunan, tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na hannu / kayan wasa
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙira ce mai mahimmancin ajiyar ajiyar ajiyar ajiya wanda ke riƙe duk bayanan bayan an yanke ikon. Duk da sunan, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta fi dacewa da tsari da aiki (watau ajiya da canja wurin bayanai) zuwa ƙarancin jihohi mai mahimmanci fiye da nau'in RAM da aka ambata. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta fi amfani da shi a:
- Kwamfutar USB
- Mai bugawa
- 'Yan wasan kafofin watsa labaru masu kyau
- Katin ƙwaƙwalwa
- Ƙananan lantarki / wasa
- PDAs