Jagora ga yanar-gizon shafukan yanar gizo, shafukan watsa labarai, da multicast
Ana amfani da kundin IP don taimakawa wajen rarraba adiresoshin IP zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da bukatun daban-daban. Za'a iya rarraba adireshin adireshin IPv4 na IP a cikin ɗakunan adireshin biyar da ake kira Class A, B, C, D, da E.
Kowane ɗakin IP yana ƙunshe da wani ɓangaren matsala na babban adireshin adireshin IPv4. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan aji an adana ne kawai don adiresoshin multicast, wanda shine nau'in watsa bayanai inda fiye da ɗaya kwamfutar ke magance bayanai yanzu.
Kayan adireshin IP da Lambobi
Abubuwan da ke cikin hagu guda huɗu na adireshin IPv4 suna ƙayyade ajiyarsa. Alal misali, duk adireshin C C yana da hagu guda uku da aka saita zuwa 110 , amma kowane ɗayan sauran ragowar 29 za a iya saita zuwa ko dai 0 ko 1 da kansa (kamar yadda x ya wakilta a cikin waɗannan matsayi):
110xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxAna juyar da abin da ke sama zuwa ƙididdigar ƙaddarar ƙira, yana bin cewa duk ɗakunan C C sun fada cikin layin daga 192.0.0.0 ta 223.255.255.255.
Tebur da ke ƙasa ya kwatanta dabi'un adireshin IP da jeri ga kowane ɗalibai. Lura cewa wasu daga cikin adireshin adireshin IP an cire daga Class E don dalilai na musamman kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.
| Class | Hagu na hagu | Fara na Range | Ƙarshen Range | Adadin adiresoshin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
Adireshin IP na E-E da kuma Watsaccen Watsa Labaru
Siffar yanar gizo na IPv4 tana bayyana matsayin Class E kamar yadda aka ajiye , ma'anar cewa kada a yi amfani dasu a kan hanyoyin sadarwa IP. Wasu kungiyoyi masu bincike suna amfani da Class E don magance gwaji. Duk da haka, na'urorin da suke kokarin amfani da waɗannan adiresoshin a kan intanet za su iya iya sadarwa ta hanyar da kyau.
Wani nau'i na musamman na adireshin IP shine adreshin watsa labarai mai iyaka 255.255.255.255. Hanyoyin watsa shirye-shiryen yanar sadarwa ya haɗa da aikawa da sakon daga mai aikawa ga masu karɓa. Masu aikawa da kebul na IP zuwa 255.255.255.255 don nuna duk wasu nodes a kan cibiyar sadarwa na gida (LAN) ya kamata karbi wannan sakon. Wannan watsa shirye-shirye ne "iyakance" a cikin cewa bazai kai kowane kumburi akan intanet ba; kawai nodes a kan LAN.
Intanit yanar gizo ta tanada dukkanin adiresoshin daga 255.0.0.0 ta hanyar 255.255.255.255 don watsa shirye-shirye, kuma wannan zangon ba za a dauki wani ɓangare na al'ada na Class E ba.
Adireshin IP na D da Multicast
Siffar yanar sadarwar IPv4 ta bayyana adiresoshin DD kamar yadda aka ajiye don multicast. Multicast wani tsari ne a cikin Intanet ɗin yanar gizo don ƙayyade kungiyoyi na na'urori na samfurin da aika saƙonni kawai ga wannan rukuni maimakon kowane na'ura a kan LAN (watsa shirye-shirye) ko ɗaya daga cikin nau'i (unicast).
Ana amfani da multicast a kan cibiyoyin bincike. Kamar yadda yake na Class E, adiresoshin D D ba za a yi amfani dasu ba a kan intanet.