Inittab-Linux / Unix umurnin

inittab - tsari na inittab fayil da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar synv-compatible init process

Bayani

Fayil ɗin inittab ta bayyana wane tsari ne aka fara a bootup kuma lokacin aiki (eg /etc/init.d/boot, /etc/init.d/rc, gettys ...). Init (8) ya bambanta batutuwa masu yawa, kowannensu yana da tsarin kansa wanda aka fara. Abubuwan da suka dace sune 0 - 6 da A , B , da kuma C don shigarwa. Wani shigarwa a cikin file inittab yana da tsarin biyowa:

id: runlevels: aikin: tsari

Lambobin da suka fara da "#" suna watsi da su.

id wani abu ne na musamman na haruffan 1-4 wanda ya gano wani shigarwa a cikin inittab (don sassan sysvinit tare da ɗakunan karatu <5.2.18 ko ɗakunan karatu na a.out iyaka akwai haruffa 2).

Lura: Domin samfurori ko sauran matakai na shigarwa, filin filin ya zama tty suffix na daidai tty, misali 1 don tty1 . In ba haka ba, ƙididdigar shiga ba zata aiki daidai ba.

runlevels ya bada jerin sunayen abubuwan da za a dauka.

mataki ya bayyana abin da ya kamata a dauka.

tsari yana ƙayyade tsarin da za a kashe. Idan tsarin farawa ya fara tare da halin '+', init bazai yi amfani da ita ba kuma yana da lissafi don wannan tsari. Ana buƙatar wannan ne don samfurori da ke dagewa akan yin aikin gidansu / wtmp. Wannan kuma shi ne tarihin tarihi.

Maganin rukuni na iya ƙunsar nau'o'i masu yawa don daban-daban. Alal misali, 123 ya ƙayyade cewa za a fara aiwatar da shi a cikin labaran 1, 2, da 3. Sakamakon bayanan shigarwa zai iya ƙunshi A , B , ko C. Ba a kula da filin da ake amfani da su na sysinit , boot , da bootwait ba.

Lokacin da aka canza tsarin tsarin tsarin, duk wani matakan tafiyar da ba a bayyana don sabon runlevel ba ne aka kashe, na farko tare da SIGTERM, to, tare da SIGKILL.

Ayyukan tabbaci ga filin aikin sune:

respawn

Za a sake kunna tsarin a duk lokacin da ta ƙare (misali getty).

jira

Za a fara aiwatar da tsari sau ɗaya lokacin da aka shigar da kullin da aka ƙayyade kuma init zata jira don kammalawa.

sau ɗaya

Za a kashe tsari sau ɗaya lokacin da aka shigar da kullun da aka ƙayyade.

taya

Za a kashe wannan tsari a lokacin tsarin taya. Ba a kula da filin filin wasa ba.

bootwait

Za a kashe wannan tsari a yayin tayin taya, yayin da init yana jiran dakatarwa (misali / sauransu / rc). Ba a kula da filin filin wasa ba.

kashe

Wannan ba kome ba ne.

ondemand

Za a kashe wani tsari wanda aka yi alama tare da wani kundin tsarin mulki a duk lokacin da aka kira shi. Duk da haka, ba za a sake canji mai sauƙi ba ( batutuwan da ake kira "a", "b", da "c").

initdefault

An shigar da shigarwa a cikin ƙaddamar da runlevel wanda ya kamata a shiga bayan tsarin tayin. Idan babu wanda ya kasance, init za ta nemi tsari a kan firgita. An manta da filin tsari .

sysinit

Za a kashe wannan tsari a lokacin tsarin taya . Za a kashe shi kafin takalma ko takalma . Ba a kula da filin filin wasa ba.

ikonwait

Za a kashe tsarin yayin da wutar ta ƙare. An sanar da Init game da wannan ta hanyar tsari da yake magana da UPS wanda aka haɗa da kwamfutar. Init zai jira tsari don kammala kafin ci gaba.

powerfail

Amma gameda aiki , sai dai init bai jira jiran kammalawar ba.

rashin lafiya

Za a kashe wannan tsari ne da zarar an sanar da init cewa an dawo da ikon.

ikonfailnow

Za a kashe wannan tsari idan an gaya wa init cewa baturin UPS na waje ba shi da komai kuma ikon yana kasawa (idan tsarin UPS na waje da tsarin kulawa ya iya gane wannan yanayin).

ctrlaltdel

Za a kashe tsari lokacin da init ta karbi siginar SIGINT. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa ya ci gaba da haɗin maɓallin CTRL-ALT-DEL . Yawancin lokaci yana so ya kashe wasu ƙuntatawa ko dai don shiga cikin ɓangaren ƙira guda ɗaya ko don sake yin na'ura.

kundin

Za a kashe tsari lokacin da init ta karbi sigina daga mai kula da maɓallin rubutu cewa an haɗa maɓallin maɓalli na musamman akan keyboard.

Abubuwan da aka rubuta don wannan aikin ba cikakke ba tukuna; Za a iya samun karin takardun a cikin kbd-x.xx kunshe (mafi yawan kwanan nan kbd-0.94 a lokacin wannan rubutun). Da gaske kana so ka tsara wasu haɗin haɗin haɗe zuwa "KeyboardSignal" aikin. Alal misali, don tsara Alt-Uparrow don wannan dalili amfani da wadannan a cikin fayil keymaps ɗinku:

Alt keycode 103 = KeyboardSignal

Misalai

Wannan misali ne na inittab wanda yayi kama da tsohon Linux inittab:

# inittab for Linux id: 1: inittab for linux id: 1: inittafault: rc :: bootwait: / sauransu / rc 1: 1: respawn: / sauransu / getty 9600 tty1 2: 1: respawn: / sauransu / getty 9600 tty2 3: 1: respawn: / da sauransu / getty 9600 tty3 4: 1: respawn: / sauransu / getty 9600 tty4

Wannan fayil ɗin inittab tana aiki / sauransu / rc a lokacin taya kuma yana farawa gettys a tty1-tty4.

Ƙarin inittab da yawa tare da layi daban-daban (duba comments a ciki):

# Level to run in id: 2: initdefault: # Shirye-shiryen tsarin kwamfuta kafin wani abu. si :: sysinit: /etc/rc.d/bcheckrc # Runlevel 0.6 ya dakatar kuma sake yi, 1 shine yanayin kulawa. L0: 0: jira: /etc/rc.d/rc.halt l1: 1: jira: /etc/rc.d/rc.single l2: 2345: jira: /etc/rc.d/rc.multi l6: 6: jira: /etc/rc.d/rc.reboot # Abin da za a yi a "3 yatsun hannu". ca :: ctrlaltdel: / sbin / shutdown -t5 -rf yanzu # Runlevel 2 & 3: getty on console, matakin 3 kuma getty a tashar modem. 1: 23: Respawn: / sbin / getty tty1 VC Linux 2: 23: Respawn: / sbin / getty tty2 VC Linux 3: 23: Respawn: / sbin / getty tty3 VC Linux 4: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty tty4 VC Linux S2: 3: Respawn: / sbin / uugetty ttyS2 M19200

Duba Har ila yau

init (8), telinit ( 8)

Muhimmin: Yi amfani da umurnin mutum ( % mutum ) don ganin yadda aka yi amfani da umarnin akan kwamfutarka.