Binciken Bincike Dubi Ayyukan Bugawa a Tarihin Intanit
Don fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanar gizo, yana da amfani don fahimtar tarihin Intanet da kuma yadda ya samo asali a cikin abin da wasu ke kira alfijir na Age of Information.
Tarihin intanit na kaina ya fara a farkon shekara ta 1988 lokacin da na shiga cikin koleji a matsayin dalibi na Kwalejin Kimiyya. A wannan lokaci, mafi yawan shafukan yanar-gizon za a iya bayyana mafi kyau yayin da daliban koleji suka tafi. Tabbas, yana da aikace-aikacen da suka fi dacewa, amma akwai wasu lokuta da dama da aka yi amfani da shi a tashoshin hira ta yanar gizo tare da daliban da suke musayar ra'ayoyin masu ban sha'awa kamar abin da suke kallon talabijin da abin da suke da abincin dare.
A wannan lokaci na tarihin Intanet, ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su suna aika hotuna ta hanyar imel. Wannan ya kasance kafin shekarun da aka buga a yanar gizo, da kuma hoto da aka cika da alamomin ASCII (watau ma'anar "X" da "O") aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar hoto. Hoton da ya fi shahara a fili shine babban hoto na spam, ba shakka wata tunani da sanannen sanannen Monty Python skit. Wannan hoton, tare da daliban da suke maimaita kalmar 'SPAM' a cikin tashoshi, sun karfafa kalma a cikin ɗakushinmu kamar yadda duk wani rubutu ko hoto wanda ba shi da tushe da aka aika ta hanyar imel ko aikawa akan allon saƙo.
Tarihi na Intanit - Ƙarshen Farawa
Duk da labari mai ban sha'awa, tarihin intanet ba zai fara tare da Al-Gore bawa a cikin taron. Intanit wani juyin halitta ne na sadarwar komfuta wanda ya fara a ƙarshen shekarun 50, ya fara juyawa a 1969 lokacin da ARPANET (Advanced Research Services Agency) ya hada UCLA zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Cibiyar Nazarin Stanford, kuma ya zama jami'in a shekarar 1983 lokacin da dukkan rundunonin suka hadu. to ARPANET aka canza zuwa TCP / IP.
To, ina ne tarihin Intanit ya fara? Gaskiya ne batun batun kuma ya dogara da abin da mutumin yake tsammani ya kasance mafi tasiri. Da kaina, zan kira 1969 ta ƙasƙantar da kai da kuma 1983 da farkon farawa. Intanit ya dogara ne akan wata yarjejeniya ta musamman ga kwakwalwa don musayar bayanai, kuma an kafa wannan yarjejeniya a 1983.
Tarihi na Intanit - A Tale of Two Networks
Intanet ya samo asali ne daga fiye da makarantu da hukumomin gwamnati wanda ke haɗa kwakwalwarsu tare ta hanyar yarjejeniya mai suna TCP / IP . Akwai wani cibiyar sadarwa mai tasowa a cikin shekarun 1980 wanda ya taka rawar jiki: tsarin tsarin jarida.
Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs) ya zama sananne - a kalla a tsakanin fasahar fasahar - a tsakiyar shekarun 80s lokacin da aka saya kayan gwada-ƙananan basira da yawa don yawancin mutum don samun su. Wadannan BBSs na farkon sun kasance a kan modems 300 wanda ba su da jinkiri ba za ka iya ganin rubutun gungura daga hagu zuwa dama kamar wani yana rubutawa ba. (A gaskiya ma, yana da hankali fiye da yadda mutane ke bugawa.)
Yayinda kayayyakinsu suka yi sauri, Bulletin Board Systems ya zama mafi girma da kuma kasuwanci kamar Services CompuServe da Amurka Online fara tasowa. Amma yawancin BBSs suna gudana ta mutane a kan kwamfutar su kuma suna da kyauta don amfani. A cikin ƙarshen shekarun 80, lokacin da akwatutattun suka kasance da sauri don tallafawa shi, waɗannan BBS sun fara ƙirƙirar ƙananan cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar kiran juna da musayar saƙonni.
Wadannan taron jama'a ba su da bambanci fiye da forums a About.com. Sun ba da damar mutane a duk faɗin duniya su shiga cikin posts da musayar bayanai. Tabbas, ƙananan sakonnin sakonnin da suka shafi duniya tun da kiran wani ƙasa don musayar saƙonni ya kasance tsada sosai ga yawancin mutane.
A cikin farkon 90s, yawancin waɗannan BBS sun fara yin amfani da Intanet don tallafawa imel. Lokacin da yanar-gizo ke ci gaba da shaharawa, waɗannan BBSs masu zaman kansu sun fara ɓacewa, yayin da kasuwancin BBS kamar Amurka Online suka haɗu da Intanet. Amma, a hanyoyi da yawa, ruhun BBS yana cigaba da zama a cikin shafukan sakonni masu ban sha'awa a cikin Intanet.
Intanit yana ci gaba
Tarihin Intanit na mamaye cibiyoyin gwamnati da na duniya. A shekara ta 1994, Intanet ya tafi jama'a. An sake sakin binciken yanar gizon Musa a shekarar da ta wuce, kuma sha'awar jama'a sun juya zuwa ga abin da ke da tsoffin jami'a da fasahar fasaha. Shafin yanar gizon ya fara tasowa, kuma mutane a ko'ina sun fara ganin manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da hanyar sadarwar da ke tsakanin duniya.
Wadannan shafukan yanar gizo sun fi kama takardun kalma mai mahimmanci fiye da kowane abu, amma sun hada da imel ɗin imel, tashoshin taɗi na Intanit da kuma sakonnin BBS-centric, sun zama hanya mai kyau ga mutane su kasance da alaka da abokai da iyali da kasuwanci don isa masu sauraro.
Wannan fashewar yanar gizon da aka kawo tare da shi yaƙe-yaƙe na bincike kamar yadda Netscape da Internet Explorer suka ƙaddara don zama gaskiyar gaskiyar kan kwamfyuta na mutane. Kuma, a hanyoyi da dama, yakin basasa ya ci gaba da Netscape zuwa cikin inuwa kuma Firefox ta Mozilla ta zama babbar gagarumar bincike ta yanar gizo ta Microsoft.
Shafukan yanar gizo na farko sun kasance hanya mai kyau don musayar bayanai, amma HTML (Harshen Samfurin Hidima) yana da iyakacin abin da zai iya yi. Ya fi kusa da ma'anar kalma fiye da yanayin bunkasa aikace-aikacen, saboda haka sababbin fasahohin sun fito ne wanda zai iya taimakawa kasuwancin suyi amfani da Intanet. Wadannan fasahar sun haɗa da harsunan uwar garken kamar ASP da PHP da kuma fasaha na abokin ciniki kamar Java, JavaScript, da ActiveX.
Ta hanyar haɗuwa da waɗannan fasaha da cewa kasuwancin zasu iya shawo kan iyakokin HTML da ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen yanar gizo . Mafi sauki aikace-aikace da mafi yawan mutane suka gudu a fadin shi ne kantin sayar da kaya, wanda yale mu mu umurce mu Goodies a kan yanar gizo maimakon na tuki zuwa shagon. Kuma mutane da yawa sun juya zuwa yanar-gizon don yin harajin su maimakon maimakon cika dukkanin wawaye.
Yana da lafiya a faɗi cewa duniyar kasuwanci ta damu da irin rawar da ke cikin yanar-gizon da aka samar da ita kuma an ba da mamaki ga masu zuba jari. Kamfanin Intanet (wanda ake kira Dot-Coms) ya fara farawa a hagu da dama yayin da kamfanoni kamar Amazon.com sun zama mafi daraja fiye da takwarorinsu na gargajiya kamar Sears da Roebuck ko da sun taba ba da riba ba.
Fall of the Internet
Intanit da kuma 'dot-com bubble' sun haɓaka tattalin arzikin da ba su da karfin kudi wanda ya sa farashin farashi ga kamfanonin da ba su da riba don tallafawa su. Dot-com startups ya zama dime a dozin, kowane ya zo tare da alkawari na latching a kan yanar-gizon.
A ƙarshe, wani zai gabatar da Intanet zuwa gaskiya, wannan ya faru a shekara ta 2000 lokacin da fasahar NASDAQ mai nauyin fasaha ta haɗu a sama da 5,000. Kuma, kamar yawancin dangantaka, ƙananan yakin tsakanin yanar-gizon da kuma gaskiyar sun zama babban fada har sai, a shekara ta 2001, suna da mummunan jituwa kuma tun shekarar 2002 sun yanke shawarar kiran shi.
Web 2.0
Tare da mutanen da suka koma gaskiyar, Intanet ta kasance tsayayyar zuba jarurruka a shekara ta 2003 kuma ta tashi a hankali. An daidaita ta da fasaha irin su Java, Flash, PHP, ASP, CGI, .NET, da dai sauransu. Sabuwar yanayin sadarwar zamantakewa ya fara tashi a cikin shahara.
Cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a ba wani abu ba ne. Sun riga sun wanzu tun kafin Intanet da kwanan wata don wayewar mutane. Idan kun taba kasancewa daga ƙungiyar abokai ko kuma 'clique', kun kasance na cibiyar sadarwa.
Wasanni na yau da kullum suna amfani da su har tsawon shekaru tare da 'guilds' da 'jerin abokai' don taimakawa haɗin haɗi zuwa wasu 'yan wasa. Yanar gizo yanar sadarwar yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar-gizon yanar gizo. Amma sun isa gaban shafin yanar gizon a shekarar 2005 lokacin da Myspace ya tashi a cikin shahararren.
Shafin Farko na Jama'a, Harkokin Sadarwar Jama'a, da kuma fasaha masu tasowa sun samar da ' Web 2.0 '. Yau, Web 2.0 shine mafi yawancin lokaci na kasuwanci kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don bayyana wani abu daga 'sabon amfani' na Intanet ke fitowa ta hanyar shahararren blogs da kuma ciyarwar RSS ga yin amfani da fasaha da hanyoyi kamar Social Networking da AJAX don kawowa tare sabon kwarewar mai amfani.
Idan za mu kasance fasaha, za a iya iya danganta shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo yau da kullum kamar 'Web 3.0' ko 'Web 4.0', amma haɗa nauyin lambar tsararraki zuwa wani abu ne mafi kyawun kasuwanci.
Abin da zamu iya cewa shi ne cewa yanar gizo yana tasowa yayin da mutane da yawa ke amfani da Intanet don haɗi da abokai da iyali, don saduwa da sababbin mutane, don raba bayani, da kuma yin kasuwanci.
Idan na bayyana mafi kyawun abin da ake kira 'Web 2.0', zan ce a matsayin al'umma muna amfani da Intanet a matsayin kayan aiki, kuma yanzu a matsayin al'umma, muna haɗuwa da Intanet. Yana zama wani ɓangare na mu da kuma wani ɓangare na yadda muke rayuwa maimakon maimakon abin da muke amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki.