Ma'anar SHA-1 da kuma yadda ake amfani dashi don tabbatar da bayanan
SHA-1 (takaice don Secure Hash Algorithm 1 ) yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka masu yawa na rubutun kalmomi .
SHA-1 an fi amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa an rasa fayil din . Anyi wannan ta hanyar samar da lissafi kafin a shigar da fayil din, sa'an nan kuma sau ɗaya idan ta kai ga makiyayarta.
Fayil din da aka aika da za a iya daukan gaske ne kawai idan duka biyun sunaye .
Tarihin & amf; Kuskuren aikin SHA Hash
SHA-1 shine ɗaya daga cikin algorithms guda hudu a cikin iyali mai suna Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA). Yawancin su ne Cibiyar Tsaro ta Amurka (NSA) ta kaddamar da su kuma An wallafa shi da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasa ta Kasa ta Kasa (NIST).
SHA-0 tana da adadi na 160-bit (darajar hash) kuma shi ne farkon ɓangaren wannan algorithm. SHA-0 dabi'u mai haɓaka suna da shekaru 40. An wallafa shi a matsayin mai suna "SHA" a 1993 amma ba a yi amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen da dama saboda an maye gurbin shi da sauri tare da SHA-1 a 1995 saboda rashin tsaro.
SHA-1 shine karo na biyu na wannan aikin zane-zane. SHA-1 ma yana da sakon saiti na 160 bits kuma yayi ƙoƙarin ƙara tsaro ta wurin gyara wani rauni da aka samu a SHA-0. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2005, an gano SHA-1 don rashin tsaro.
Da zarar an sami raunin rubutu a cikin SHA-1, NIST ya yi wata sanarwa a shekara ta 2006 ya karfafa hukumomin tarayya su yi amfani da SHA-2 ta shekara ta 2010. SHA-2 ya fi SHA-1 da hare-haren da aka yi game da SHA-2 ba su yiwu ba ya faru da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na yanzu.
Ba kawai hukumomin tarayya ba, har ma kamfanoni kamar Google, Mozilla, da kuma Microsoft sun fara shirye-shirye don dakatar da karɓar takardun shaida na SHA-1 ko sun riga sun katange waɗancan shafuka daga yinwa.
Google yana da tabbaci na haɗari SHA-1 wanda ya sanya wannan hanyar ba shi da amfani don samar da ƙayyadaddun ƙwarewa, ko game da kalmar sirri, fayil, ko wani yanki na bayanan. Zaka iya sauke fayiloli guda biyu na PDF daga Ƙaddamar don ganin yadda wannan ke aiki. Yi amfani da maƙaleta na SHA-1 daga kasan wannan shafin don samar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya duka biyu, kuma zaku ga cewa darajar daidai daidai ce ko da yake sun ƙunshi bayanai daban-daban.
SHA-2 & amf; SHA-3
SHA-2 an buga a 2001, shekaru da yawa bayan SHA-1. SHA-2 ya hada da ayyuka shida masu haɗari tare da masu girma da yawa masu yawa: SHA-224 , SHA-256 , SHA-384 , SHA-512 , SHA-512/224 , da kuma SHA-512/256 .
Cibiyar ta NSA ta tsara ta kuma ta fitar da ita ta NIST a shekara ta 2015, wani memba ne na iyalin Secure Hash Algorithm, wanda ake kira SHA-3 (tsohon Keccak ).
SHA-3 ba a nufin maye gurbin SHA-2 kamar fasalin da aka riga aka ɗauka don maye gurbin waɗanda suka gabata. Maimakon haka, SHA-3 an ci gaba kamar yadda aka saba wa SHA-0, SHA-1, da MD5 .
Yaya aka yi SHA-1?
Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na hakika inda SHA-1 za a iya amfani dashi lokacin da kake shiga kalmarka ta sirri a shafin yanar gizon yanar gizon. Kodayake yana faruwa a bango ba tare da saninka ba, yana iya zama hanyar da shafin yanar gizon yake amfani dasu don tabbatar da cewa kalmarka ta sirri ne.
A cikin wannan misali, zakuyi tunanin kuna ƙoƙarin shiga shafin intanet wanda kuke ziyarta sau da yawa. Duk lokacin da kake buƙatar shiga, ana buƙatar shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa.
Idan shafin yanar gizon yana amfani da aikin zane-zane na SHA-1, yana nufin kalmar sirrinka ta juya zuwa cikin lissafin bayan ka shigar da shi. Wannan ƙirar ana amfani da shi tare da ƙididdiga wanda aka adana a kan shafin yanar gizon da ke da dangantaka da kalmar sirrinka na yanzu, ko ka yi 't canza kalmar sirrinku tun lokacin da kuka sanya hannu ko kuma idan kun canza shi sau da suka wuce. Idan wasan biyu, an ba ku dama; idan basu yi ba, ana gaya wa kalmar sirri ba daidai bane.
Wani misali kuma inda aikin SHAH-1 zai iya amfani dashi don tabbatarwa ta fayil. Wasu shafukan intanet za su samar da samfurin SHA-1 na fayil ɗin a kan shafin saukewa don haka lokacin da ka sauke fayil ɗin, zaka iya duba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don kanka don tabbatar da cewa fayil din da aka sauke daidai yake da wanda kake so a sauke shi.
Kuna iya yin tunanin inda ainihin amfani yake cikin irin wannan tabbaci. Ka yi la'akari da wani labarin da ka san takardar SHA-1 na fayil daga shafin yanar gizon din din amma kana so ka sauke wannan fasalin daga wani shafin yanar gizon. Hakanan zaka iya samar da sharuɗɗan SHA-1 don saukewa kuma ya kwatanta ta tare da gashin gaske daga shafin saukewa na maigidan.
Idan biyu sun bambanta to, ba kawai yana nufin cewa abubuwan da ke cikin fayilolin ba su da kama amma da za'a iya ɓoye malware a cikin fayil ɗin, ana iya lalatar da bayanai kuma yana haifar da lalacewa ga fayilolin kwamfutarka, fayil ɗin ba wani abu ba ne dangane da real file, da dai sauransu.
Duk da haka, yana iya ma'anar cewa fayil ɗaya yana wakiltar shirin tsofaffin shirin fiye da ɗayan tun lokacin da wannan ƙananan canji zai haifar da darajar lambobi.
Kila kuma so ka duba cewa fayiloli guda biyu suna da alaƙa idan kana shigar da sabis ɗin sabis ko wasu shirye-shirye ko sabunta saboda matsaloli suna faruwa idan wasu fayiloli sun ɓace a lokacin shigarwa.
Duba yadda za a tabbatar da amincin Fayil din a cikin Windows tare da FCIV don taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani game da wannan tsari.
SHA-1 Checksum Calculators
Za'a iya amfani da nau'i na ƙirar musamman don ƙayyade lissafin fayil ko rukuni na haruffa.
Alal misali, SHA1 Online da kuma SHA1 Hash sune kayan aikin layi na yau da kullum waɗanda zasu iya samar da samfurin SHA-1 na kowane rukunin rubutu, alamu, da / ko lambobi.
Wadannan shafuka za su, alal misali, samar da shafukan SHA-1 na bd17dabf6fdd24dab5ed0e2e6624d312e4ebebaba don rubutu pAssw0rd! .
Dubi Mene Ne Checksum? don wasu kayan aikin kyauta wanda za su iya samun samfurori na ainihin fayiloli a kan kwamfutarka kuma ba kawai layin rubutu ba.